Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download LABORATORY REPORT Activity 13: Acid
Transcript
LABORATORY REPORT Activity 13: Acid-Base Balance Name: Instructor: Date: PREDICTIONS 1. Compared to normal blood pH, arterial blood pH levels in patients with acidosis are 2. Compared to normal blood pH, arterial blood pH levels in patients with alkalosis are 3. Arterial blood pCO2 levels in patients with respiratory acidosis are 4. Arterial blood HCO3– levels in patients with metabolic acidosis are 5. Arterial blood pCO2 levels in patients with respiratory alkalosis are 6. Arterial blood HCO3– levels in patients with metabolic alkalosis are MATERIALS AND METHODS 1. Dependent Variable 2. Independent Variable 3. Controlled Variables 4. Explain why HCO3– levels can be calculated from pH and pCO2 levels. 5. In this experiment, HCO3– concentrations are calculated using pH and pCO2 concentrations. Refer to the following chemical reaction to describe how changes in CO2 and H+ concentrations affect HCO3– concentration. CO2 + H2O ⇌ H2CO3 ⇌ H+ + HCO3– RESULTS See Table 2: Acid-Base Imbalance Signs and Compensation 1. The normal range respiratory rate is 12 — 18 breaths/min). For each patient, type in their respiratory rate and indicate if it is lower, within, or higher than the normal range. a. Patients with respiratory acidosis b. Patient with respiratory alkalosis c. Patient with metabolic acidosis d. Patient with metabolic alkalosis 2. The normal range for blood pH is 7.35 — 7.45 . For each patient, type in their blood pH and indicate if it is lower, within, or higher than the normal range. a. Patients with respiratory acidosis b. Patient with respiratory alkalosis c. Patient with metabolic acidosis d. Patient with metabolic alkalosis 3. The normal range for blood pCO2 is 35 — 45 mmHg. For each patient, type in their blood pCO2 levels and indicate if it is lower, within, or higher than the normal range. a. Patients with respiratory acidosis b. Patient with respiratory alkalosis c. Patient with metabolic acidosis d. Patient with metabolic alkalosis 4. The normal range for blood HCO3– is 22 — 26 mEq/L . For each patient, type in their blood HCO3– and indicate if it is lower, within, or higher than the normal range. a. Patients with respiratory acidosis b. Patient with respiratory alkalosis c. Patient with metabolic acidosis d. Patient with metabolic alkalosis DISCUSSION 1. Is compensation occurring in the patient with respiratory acidosis? State which system (respiratory or renal) is involved in compensation and what compound is being removed or added to achieve compensation. Describe how this substance is being removed or added and how removing or adding this compound returns pH toward normal. 2. Is compensation occurring in the patient with respiratory alkalosis? State which system (respiratory or renal) is involved in compensation and what compound is being removed or added to achieve compensation. Describe how this substance is being removed or added and how removing or adding this compound returns pH toward normal. 3. Is compensation occurring in the patient with metabolic acidosis? State which system (respiratory or renal) is involved in compensation and what compound is being removed or added to achieve compensation. Describe how this substance is being removed or added and how removing or adding this compound returns pH toward normal. 4. Is compensation occurring in the patient with metabolic alkalosis? State which system (respiratory or renal) is involved in compensation and what compound is being removed or added to achieve compensation. Describe how this substance is being removed or added and how removing or adding this compound returns pH toward normal. 5. Restate your predictions that were correct and give the data from your experiment that supports them. Restate your predictions that were not correct and correct them, giving the data from your experiment that supports the corrections. APPLICATION 1. Patients with COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) may develop respiratory acidosis. Explain how COPD causes respiratory acidosis and why breathing rate is elevated in COPD patients with respiratory acidosis. 2. You can only hold your breath for a limited period of time before you involuntarily begin breathing again. Describe feedback mechanisms that result in involuntary breathing. 3. Anxiety can cause hyperventilation. Explain how anxiety can cause hyperventilation and how hyperventilation causes respiratory alkalosis. 4. Patients with uncontrolled diabetes can develop metabolic acidosis. Explain how uncontrolled diabetes causes metabolic acidosis.
