Download AP Biology Cell Transport and Osmoregulation Multiple Choice

AP Biology Cell Transport and Osmoregulation
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Which of the following types of molecules are the major structural components of the cell membrane?
A) phospholipids and cellulose
B) nucleic acids and proteins
C) phospholipids and proteins
D) proteins and cellulose
E) glycoproteins and cholesterol
For the following questions, match the labeled component of the cell membrane in the figure below with its
description.
2. peripheral protein
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
3. cholesterol
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
4. fiber of the extracellular matrix
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
5. glycolipid
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
6. All of the following molecules are part of the cell membrane except
A) lipids.
B) nucleic acids.
C) proteins.
D) phosphate groups.
E) steroids.
7. According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, which of the following is a true statement about
membrane phospholipids?
A) They can move laterally along the plane of the membrane.
B) They frequently flip-flop from one side of the membrane to the other.
C) They occur in an uninterrupted bilayer, with membrane proteins restricted to the surface of
the membrane.
D) They are free to depart from the membrane and dissolve in the surrounding solution.
E) They have hydrophilic tails in the interior of the membrane.
8. All of the following are functions of integral membrane proteins except
A) protein synthesis.
B) active transport.
C) hormone reception.
D) cell adhesion.
E) cytoskeleton attachment.
9. Of the following functions, which is most important for the glycoproteins and glycolipids of animal cell
membranes?
A) facilitated diffusion of molecules down their concentration gradients
B) active transport of molecules against their concentration gradients
C) maintaining the integrity of a fluid mosaic membrane
D) maintaining membrane fluidity at low temperatures
E) a cell's ability to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another
10. What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily?
A) large and hydrophobic
B) small and hydrophobic
C) large polar
D) ionic
E) monosaccharides such as glucose
11. Which of the following would likely move through the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane most rapidly?
A) CO2
B) an amino acid
C) glucose
D) K+
E) starch
12. Which of the following statements is correct about diffusion?
A) It is very rapid over long distances.
B) It requires an expenditure of energy by the cell.
C) It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a
region of lower concentration.
D) It is an active process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to
one of higher concentration.
E) It requires integral proteins in the cell membrane.
Use the diagram of the U-tube in the figure below to answer the following questions.
The solutions in the two arms of this U-tube are separated by a membrane that is permeable to water and
glucose but not to sucrose. Side A is half filled with a solution of 2 M sucrose and 1 M glucose. Side B is half
filled with 1 M sucrose and 2 M glucose. Initially, the liquid levels on both sides are equal.
13. Initially, in terms of tonicity, the solution in side A with respect to that in side B is
A) hypotonic.
B) plasmolyzed.
C) isotonic.
D) saturated.
E) hypertonic.
14. After the system reaches equilibrium, what changes are observed?
A) The molarity of sucrose and glucose are equal on both sides.
B) The molarity of glucose is higher in side A than in side B.
C) The water level is higher in side A than in side B.
D) The water level is unchanged.
E) The water level is higher in side B than in side A.
15. A patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. In an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilled water,
equal to the volume of blood lost, is transferred directly into one of his veins. What will be the most probable
result of this transfusion?
A) It will have no unfavorable effect as long as the water is free of viruses and bacteria.
B) The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid is hypotonic compared
to the cells.
C) The patient's red blood cells will swell because the blood fluid is hypotonic compared to
the cells.
D) The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid is hypertonic compared
to the cells.
E) The patient's red blood cells will burst because the blood fluid is hypertonic compared to
the cells.
16. What are the membrane structures that function in active transport?
A) peripheral proteins
B) carbohydrates
C) cholesterol
D) cytoskeleton filaments
E) integral proteins
17. The movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration gradient with the help of
energy input is
A) diffusion.
B) active transport.
C) osmosis.
D) facilitated diffusion.
E) exocytosis.
18. Glucose diffuses slowly through artificial phospholipid bilayers. The cells lining the small intestine, however,
rapidly move large quantities of glucose from the glucose-rich food into their glucose-poor cytoplasm. Using this
information, which transport mechanism is most probably functioning in the intestinal cells?
A) simple diffusion
B) phagocytosis
C) active transport pumps
D) exocytosis
E) facilitated diffusion
19. White blood cells engulf bacteria through what process?
A) exocytosis
B) phagocytosis
C) pinocytosis
D) osmosis
E) receptor-mediated exocytosis
20. A marine sea star was mistakenly placed in freshwater and it died. What is the most likely explanation for its
death?
A) The sea star was stressed and needed more time to adapt to new conditions.
B) The sea star is hypertonic to the freshwater, and it could not osmoregulate.
C) The osmoregulatory system of the sea star could not handle the change in ionic content
presented by the freshwater.
D) The contractile vacuoles used to regulate water content ruptured in the freshwater.
E) The cells of the sea star dehydrated and lost the ability to metabolize.
21. The body fluids of an osmoconformer would be ____ with its ____ environment.
A) hypertonic; freshwater
B) isotonic; freshwater
C) hyperosmotic; saltwater
D) isoosmotic; saltwater
E) hypoosmotic; saltwater
22. Compared to the seawater around them, most marine invertebrates are
A) hyperosmotic.
B) hypoosmotic.
C) isoosmotic.
D) hyperosmotic and isoosmotic.
E) hypoosmotic and isoosmotic.
23. In addition to their role in gas exchange, fish gills are also directly involved in
A) digestion.
B) osmoregulation.
C) thermoregulation.
D) the excretion of uric acid.
E) the release of atrial natriuretic proteins.
24. All of the following represent adaptations by terrestrial animals to drying conditions except
A) anhydrobiosis.
B) salt glands.
C) efficient kidneys.
D) impervious surfaces.
E) increased thirst.
25. The digestion and utilization of which nutrient creates the greatest need for osmoregulation by the kidneys?
A) protein
B) starch
C) fat
D) oil
E) cellulose
26. Where and from what compound(s) is urea produced?
A) liver from NH3 and CO2
B) liver from glycogen
C) kidneys from glucose
D) kidneys from glycerol and fatty acids
E) bladder from uric acid and H2O
27. Which of the following is true of urea? It is
A) insoluble in water.
B) more toxic to human cells than ammonia.
C) the primary nitrogenous waste product of humans.
D) the primary nitrogenous waste product of most birds.
E) the primary nitrogenous waste product of most aquatic invertebrates.
28. The advantage of excreting wastes as urea rather than as ammonia is that
A) urea can be exchanged for Na+.
B) urea is less toxic than ammonia.
C) urea requires more water for excretion than ammonia.
D) urea does not affect the osmolar gradient.
E) less nitrogen is removed from the body.
29. What is the main nitrogenous waste excreted by birds?
A) ammonia
B) nitrate
C) nitrite
D) urea
E) uric acid
30. What is the process called by which materials are returned to the blood from the nephron fluid?
A) filtration
B) ultrafiltration
C) selective reabsorption
D) secretion
E) active transport
31. What is the functional unit of the kidney?
A) cortex
B) vasa recta
C) nephron
D) bladder
E) glomerulus
32. The transfer of fluid from the glomerulus to Bowman's capsule
A) results from active transport.
B) transfers large molecules as easily as small ones.
C) is very selective as to which small molecules are transferred.
D) is mainly a consequence of blood pressure force-filtering the fluid.
E) usually includes the transfer of red blood cells to the nephron tubule.
Refer to the figure below, a diagram of a renal tubule, to answer the following questions.
33. In which region would filtration occur?
A) I
B) III
C) IV
D) V
E) VII
34. In which region would urine become more concentrated?
A) I
B) III
C) IV
D) V
E) VII
35. Which structure is the first section of the nephron tubule into which the filtrate enters?
A) loop of Henle
B) collecting duct
C) ureter
D) proximal tubule
E) glomerulus
36. All of the following are functions of the mammalian kidney except
A) water reabsorption.
B) filtration of blood.
C) excretion of nitrogenous waste.
D) regulation of salt balance in the blood.
E) production of urea as a waste product of protein catabolism.
37. Which one of the following, if present in a urine sample, would likely be caused by trauma?
A) amino acids
B) glucose
C) salts
D) erythrocytes
E) vitamins
38. Depending on salt intake and water availability, humans can produce urine that is
A) hyperosmotic to body fluids.
B) hypoosmotic to body fluids.
C) isoosmotic to body fluids.
D) A and B are true.
E) A, B, and C are true.
39. What would account for increased urine production as a result of drinking alcoholic beverages?
A) increased aldosterone production
B) increased blood pressure
C) decreased amount of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
D) increased reabsorption of water in the proximal tubule
E) the osmoregulator cells of the brain increasing their activity
40. In a laboratory experiment with three groups, one group of people drinks pure water, a second group drinks an
equal amount of beer, and a third group drinks an equal amount of concentrated salt solution all during the same
time period. Their urine production is monitored for several hours. At the end of the measurement period, which
group will have produced the greatest volume of urine and which group the least?
A) beer the most, salt solution the least
B) salt solution the most, water the least
C) water the most, beer the least
D) beer the most, water the least
E) There will be no significant difference between these groups.
AP Biology Cell Transport and Osmoregulation
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ANS:
C
TOP:
Concept 7.1
2. ANS:
D
TOP:
Concept 7.1
3. ANS:
E
TOP:
Concept 7.1
4. ANS:
A
TOP:
Concept 7.1
5. ANS:
B
TOP:
Concept 7.1
6. ANS:
B
TOP:
Concept 7.1
7. ANS:
A
TOP:
Concept 7.1
8. ANS:
A
TOP:
Concept 7.1
9. ANS:
E
TOP:
Concept 7.1
10. ANS:
B
TOP:
Concept 7.2
11. ANS:
A
TOP:
Concept 7.2
12. ANS:
C
TOP:
Concept 7.2
13. ANS:
C
TOP:
Concept 7.3
14. ANS:
C
TOP:
Concept 7.3
15. ANS:
C
TOP:
Concept 7.3
16. ANS:
E
TOP:
Concept 7.4
17. ANS:
B
TOP:
Concept 7.4
18. ANS:
E
TOP:
Concept 7.4
19. ANS:
B
TOP:
Concept 7.5
20. ANS:
B
TOP:
Concept 44.1
21. ANS:
D
TOP:
Concept 44.1
22. ANS:
C
TOP:
Concept 44.1
23. ANS:
B
TOP:
Concept 44.1
24. ANS:
B
TOP:
Concept 44.1
25. ANS:
A
TOP:
Concept 44.2
26. ANS:
A
TOP:
Concept 44.2
27. ANS:
C
TOP:
Concept 44.2
28. ANS:
B
TOP:
Concept 44.2
29. ANS:
E
TOP:
Concept 44.2
30. ANS:
C
TOP:
Concept 44.3
31. ANS:
C
TOP:
Concept 44.4
32. ANS:
D
TOP:
Concept 44.4
33. ANS:
A
TOP:
Concept 44.4
34. ANS:
E
TOP:
Concept 44.4
35. ANS:
D
TOP:
Concept 44.4
36. ANS:
E
TOP:
Concept 44.4
37. ANS:
D
TOP:
Concept 44.5
38. ANS:
E
TOP:
Concept 44.5
39. ANS:
C
TOP:
Concept 44.5
40. ANS:
A
TOP:
Concept 44.5