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KO-APUSH 2011-2012
Chapter #23: The Ordeal of Reconstruction; 1865-1877
GUIDED READING- Read each section of this chapter by focusing on the Big Picture
statements. Afterward, read each section and define the terms for each section as to how it
relates to the topic of the section and the Big Picture. After each section, write a detailed
answer for each question from each section. Also, answer the AP Review Multiple Choice
Questions.
BIG PICTURE THEMES OF CHAPTER 23
1. After the war, the question was, “What to do with the southern states?” The more moderate
Republicans, like Lincoln and his successor Andrew Johnson, lost out to the Radical Republicans
who desired to punish the South.
2. The South was divided up into military districts. The southern states were not allowed to
reenter the U.S. until the North’s stipulations were met.
3. For Southern blacks, these years were good politically. Since whites wanted nothing to do
with the U.S., blacks voted and were often elected to state legislatures and Congress.
4. Economically, freed blacks fared worse. They were no longer slaves, but with little other
options, they largely became sharecroppers. The end result was little different and little
better than slavery.
5. In 1877, a presidential election was essentially a tie. A compromise was worked out, and
the South got the U.S. Army to pull out. This left the southern blacks on their own—southern
whites reasserted their power.
1) The Problems of Peace
Define:
Reconstruction1.
"Dismal indeed was the picture presented by the war-wracked South when the rattle of
musketry faded." Explain.
2) Freedmen Define Freedom
Define:
ExodustersAmerican Methodist Episcopal ChurchAmerican Missionary Association2.
How did African-Americans respond to emancipation in the decade following the war?
AP REVIEW QUESTIONS
______ Slaves responded to emancipation during the war years in all of the following ways EXCEPT that
they
A) tried to join the Union Army
B) vandalized their masters’ homes and farms
C) changed their names
D) remained loyal to their masters
E) married former mistresses
_____ Who were the Exodusters?
A) former slaves who, after emancipation, vowed never to pick cotton again
B) a mass migration of blacks from various southern states into Kansas in the late 1870’s
C) former slaves who spent their post slavery days searching for children or spouses who had been
sold away
D) newly free slaves who founded black churches across the south
E) Free blacks who shed their old clothes for fine silks
3) The Freedmen's Bureau
Define:
Freedmen's BureauGeneral Oliver O. Howard3.
Assess the effectiveness of the Freedmen's Bureau.
AP REVIEW QUESTION
______ The Freedmen’s Bureau
A) sold land in the West to newly emancipated slaves
B) negotiated fair labor contracts between newly freed slaves and their former masters
C) was established by Congress to provide food, education, and other social services to freedmen
D) was administered in local communities throughout the South by transplanted agents from
Washington, D.C.
E) lasted just two years before Southern and President Johnson put it to an end
4) Johnson: The Tailor President
Define:
Andrew Johnson4.
Explain the strengths and weaknesses of Andrew Johnson.
AP REVIEW QUESTION
______ Before becoming president, Andrew Johnson had been a
A) blacksmith
B) student at a prestigious southern college
C) congressman and governor in South Carolina
D) champion of poor farmers
E) a lifelong Republican
5) Presidential Reconstruction
Define:
Lincoln's "10 percent plan"
Wade-Davis BillRadical Republicans5.
How did the Presidents' plan for reconstruction differ from the plan of the Radical
Republicans?
AP REVIEW QUESTION
______ Which of the following was NOT a feature of presidential Reconstruction of the Union?
A) The notion that the South had never actually left the Union
B) the disenfranchisement of leading Confederates
C) the 50 percent Reconstruction plan
D) the establishment of state conventions that agreed to certain key principles
E) the reorganization of Southern state governments and swift readmission of those states to the
Union
6) The Baleful Black Codes
Define:
Black CodesLabor ContractsSharecroppingDebt Peonage6.
How were Black Codes used to keep the freedmen down?
AP REVIEW QUESTION
______ The Black Codes were
A) restrictive Southern statutes passed to regulate newly freed slaves
B) harshest in Georgia
C) laws requiring former slave owners to rehire their slaves as sharecropping families
D) laws that safeguarded the new freedoms of emancipated slaves, such as the right to marry and
to serve on juries
E) state run efforts to guarantee blacks the right to vote
7) Congressional Reconstruction
7.
Why did northern congressmen refuse to seat the southerners when they came to take
their seats? (Hint: there are two reasons -- one moral and one practical)
AP REVIEW QUESTION
______ What single outcome of the war had Northern Congressmen wondering who really won?
A) the expectation by Southern representatives that they could simply reclaim their seats in
Congress
B) the election of Jefferson Davis and Andrew Stephens to Southern Senate seats
C) The end of the 3/5 compromise
D) The imposition of the sharecropping system
E) the effort by Southern forces to eliminate the Freedmen’s Bureau
8) Johnson Clashes with Congress
Define:
Civil Rights Bill"Andy Veto"Fourteenth Amendment8. How did Republicans use their dominance of Congress? What did President Johnson
do in response?
AP REVIEW QUESTION
______ To secure the gains of the 1866 Civil Rights Bill, Congress sought to secure to pass the 14th
Amendment to the Constitution with all of the following terms EXCEPT:
A) citizenship and civil rights for blacks
B) the right to vote
C) linking the calculation of a state’s representation in Congress to whether it offered blacks the
ballot
D) disqualification of certain former Confederates from federal and state office
E) the repudiation of Confederate debts
9) Swinging `Round the Circle with Johnson
9.
How did Johnson's campaigning during the 1866 congressional elections backfire? Why
did it backfire?
10) Republican Principles and Programs
Define:
Charles SumnerThaddeus StevensJoint Committee on ReconstructionModerate Republicans10.
How did the views of Moderate Republicans about reconstruction differ from the views
of Radical Republicans?
AP REVIEW QUESTION
______ What was the central difference between radical and moderate Republican notions of
Reconstruction?
A) Radicals wanted rapid restoration of the Southern states
B) Moderates wanted to reinvent the Southern economic system before readmitting Southern
states
C) Moderates wanted to limit federal intervention in the South
D) Radicals wanted less federal involvement in the South
E) Radicals stood alone in their goal of black enfranchisment
11) Reconstruction by the Sword
Define:
Reconstruction ActFifteenth AmendmentMilitary ReconstructionRedeemersHome Rule 11.
Describe military reconstruction.
AP REVIEW QUESTION
______ All of the following were tenets of Reconstruction as adopted by Congress EXCEPT
A) ratification of the 14th Amendment
B) temporary reorganization of the South into military districts
C) state laws enfranchising former male slaves
D) establishment of new state constitutions and reorganized state governments
E) state-sponsored education and land grants to former slaves
12) No Women Voters
Define:
Elizabeth Cady StantonSusan B. AnthonyWoman's Loyal LeagueFourteenth Amendment12.
Why did some women feel that they did not receive their due after the Civil War?
AP REVIEW QUESTION
______ The problem with the 15th Amendment to the Constitution was that it
A) granted only property-holding blacks the right to vote
B) inserted the word male into the constitution definition of citizenship for the first time
C) allowed ex-Confederate leaders to vote
D) did not enfranchise women
E) required that only the South allow blacks to vote
13) The Realities of Radical Reconstruction in the South
Define:
Union LeagueSuffrageHiram RevelsBlanche K. BruceScalawags-
Carpetbaggers13.
In what ways did African-Americans become politically involved in the years immediately
following the Civil War? How did White southerners view their involvement?
AP REVIEW QUESTION
______ Who were the so-called scalawags and carpet baggers?
A) Scalawags were former slaves elected to office in the Reconstructed South; carpet-baggers were Yankee
agents of the Freedmen’s Bureau
B) Scalawags were pro-Union Southerners who participated in radical Reconstruction; carpet-baggers were
Northerners who moved South seeking profit and power
C) Scalawags were Southerners who sold land to former slaves; carpet-baggers were Northern government
officials who were sent South to ensure that elections were fair and open to everyone
D) Scalawags were Southerners who supported black enfranchisement; carpet-baggers were Northerners
who sought to exploit the South’s postwar economic crisis for personal gain
E) Scalawags were those who supported Yankee reforms; carpet-baggers were Northern labor activists
14) The Ku Klux Klan
Define:
Ku Klux KlanForce ActsDisfranchise14. In what ways did Southern whites attempt to keep former slaves down?
AP REVIEW QUESTION
______ White Southerners resisted the increased empowerment of blacks in all of the following ways
EXCEPT
A) the enactment of the Force Acts of 1870 and 1871
B) the creation of the KKK
C) the establishment of literacy tests as a qualification for voting
D) intimidation and fraud
E) enactment of Black Codes and segregation practices
15) Johnson Walks the Impeachment Plank
Define:
Radical RepublicansBen WadeTenure of Office ActEdwin Stanton15.
How did the Radical Republicans "manufacture" an impeachment of Andrew Johnson?
AP REVIEW QUESTION
______ What was the justification for the impeachment of President Andrew Johnson?
A) He kept a harem of women
B) he was often Drunk
C) He allegedly violated the Tenure of Office Act
D) he purchased Alaska without the required consent of Congress
E) He had obstructed Reconstruction
16) A Not-Guilty Verdict for Johnson
Define:
Benjamin F. ButlerThaddeus Stevens-
16.
Why were the Radicals unsuccessful in removing Johnson from office?
17) The Purchase of Alaska
Define:
William SewardRussia17.
Explain why Alaska was called "Seward's Folly," but was purchased anyway.
18) The Heritage of Reconstruction
18.
Assess the success of Republican reconstruction.