Download Optical Communication

QUESTION BANK
OPTICAL COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKS
UNIT-I
Part-A
1.
Mention the advantages and disadvantages of optical communication.
2. What is the need for couplers and isolators?
3. What are the advantages of fiber optic communication?
4. What are the disadvantages of fiber optic communication?
5. What are the components used in an optical network?
6. What is the function of an optical amplifier?
7. What are three functional types of optical amplifier?
8. What is the function of coupler?
9. Name and describe two major classes of filters
10. What are the basic characteristics of a filter?
11. Give examples of reciprocal and nonreciprocal devices
12. Explain the function of circulators and isolators.
13. Which fiber optic networks belong to the first generation &which one belongs to the
second generation? Give E.g.
14.Define acceptance angle of fibre.
15. What are the requirements of good coupler?
16. List out the applications of optical switches.
17. List out the different switch architectures.
18. Give the importance of wavelength converters in WDM networks.
19. List out the fundamental ways of achieving wavelength conversion.
20. What do you mean by cross gain modulation?
Part-B
1. With neat diagram explain the design objectives and construction of Optical
Networking.
2. Discuss the functions of Three port circulator
3. Discuss the functions of Fabry perot filter
4. Discuss the functions of Electro-optical directional coupler.
5. Explain the principle of operation of a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA)?
6. What is the function & the principle of operation of an isolator? Give Eg. Of isolator
Applications
7.What is the function & the principle of operation of operation of a circulator? Give E.g.
Of its application
8.Explain the function of Optical switches
9. Explain the principle of operation of Fabry Perot (FP) filter?
10. Explain the principle of operation of Mach Zehnder Interferometer (MZI)?
11. Explain the function & the Principle of operation of Wavelength Converters?
12. Discuss the factors which influence the coupling of optical fiber from source into a
fiber and various kinds of optical isolators.
13. How does photonic switching differ from electro optic switching? Discuss various
kinds of switches.
14. Compare first generation and second generation optical networks.
15. Explain the principle of operation of gratings.
UNIT-II
Part-A
1. What does the acronym SONET stand for? What is the SONET?
2. Define SONET/SDH?
3. What are the benefits of using SONET/SDH system?
4. Define SONET Multiplexing?
5. What are the elements used in SONET/SDH system?
6. What topologies and components are used in SONET network?
7. Why a ring topology is considered reliable?
8. What are the networks used in data communication system? Describe the function of
these networks?
9. Define MAN?
10. Draw the functional block diagram of SONET/SDH system?
11. Define STS-1 Signal?
12. Define OC-N signal?
13. Draw the STS-1 signal frame structure?
14. What is meant by saying an overhead and payload are in frame format for transmitted
data?
15. Define overhead?
16. Define Transport Overhead (TOH)?
17. Define synchronous payload envelope (SPE)?
18. What is the function of TOH?
19. What is the function of SPE?
20. What is the data rate of STS-1 Signal?
21. What is the next OC signal after OC-192? What is its bit rate?
22. Calculate the data rate of STS-3 Signal (duration of the frame=125microsec)
23. Name the SONET layers
24. Define SONET physical layer?
25. What is the function of section layer?
26. What is the function of line layer?
27. Define path layer?
28. What is meant by byte interleaving multiplexer?
29. What is the function of SONET Regenerator?
30. Define Add/Drop Multiplexer?
31. How is STS - 1 frame organized?
32. Specify the Protection architectures of SONET
33. What is the difference between SONET and SDH?
34. Why do you need multiplexing?
35. Compute the OC-3 line rate of a SONET signal.
36. Define SONET anomalies, defects and failures.
Part-B
1. Explain the functional block diagram of the SONET/SDH Multiplexing?
2. Briefly describe the functions, service of the SONET layer
3. Explain the elements of SONET/SDH infrastructure?
4. Explain in detail Network management and Protection architectures of SDH.
5. With neat diagram, explain the elements of SONET infrastructure.
6. Explain in detail Framing and Transport overhead in SONET.
7. Discuss Protection architectures and importance of network management in SONET
and SDH networks.
8. Explain briefly the transport overhead bytes of SONET standard and their uses in an
optical network.
9. Discuss the various SDH topologies.
10. Explain in detail about the devices that are used to implement SONET transmission.
11. Explain the concept of alarms in SONET and SDH networks.
12. Discuss the various SONET topologies.
13. Explain about the SONET ring architecture.
UNIT-III
Part-A
1. Define Topologies?
2. Define Broadcast and select Network?
3. Define Broadcast and select single hop network?
4. Define Multihop network?
5. What are the characteristics of single hop network? What are the types of topologies
used in data communication network?
6. Draw the block diagram of the broadcast and select WDM network?
7. What are the topologies used in broadcast network and select network?
8. Define an N*N star coupler?
9. What is need for passive star topology?
10. Define: Bus topology & Tree topology?
11. What is the Difference between passive star topology and linear bus topology?
12. What are the characteristics used in single hop network?
13. What is the difference between single hop system and multihop system?
14. Define MAC protocol?
15. List any two features of shuffle net multihop Network.
16. Compare single hop and multihop network.
17. Give some applications of broadcast and select technique
18. List the importance of MAC protocol.
19. Compare single hop, multihop and sufflenet multihop networks.
20. Define throughput of a network.
21. What are the factors that play significant role in determining the link budget
performance of the star and bus topologies?
Part-B
1. Explain the topologies of broadcast networks
2. Explain the Broadcast and select single hop network?
3. Explain the Broadcast and select multihop network?
4. Explain the characteristics of single hop network?
5. Explain the elements of optical access network architecture?
6. Explain the future access networks
7. Explain about MAC Protocol.
8. What is meant by Broadcast and select Network? Discuss the design issues and
objectives in detail.
9 Explain the functions of Media access control protocols.
10. What are the different topologies employed in broadcast and select networks? Discuss
merits and demerits.
11. Discuss in detail sufflenet multihop networks and MAC protocols.
12. Explain how slot synchronization is achieved in an optical network.
13.What is the need for MAC protocol?
14. Discuss in detail about the various broadcast and select test beds.
UNIT-IV
Part-A
1. What are the two disadvantages of broadcast & select networks when its used in WAN
2. Which fiber optic networks belong to the first generation &which one belongs to the
second generation? Give E.g.
3. What are the advantages of wavelength routed network?
4. Why do we need Optical Cross Connect (OCC)?
5. How to measure the benefits of wavelength conversion?
6. Why do we need an optical layer?
7. What services does an optical layer provide to the layer above?
8. Describe the optical layer service termed “establishing light path”
9. Describe the optical layer service termed “establishing virtual circuits”
10. Show the layered structure of fiber optic network, including the optical layer
11. What is the need for wavelength routing test beds?
12. Name any two routing techniques in optical communication networks
13.What are the issues in network design and operation of wavelength routing networks?
14.Discuss the factors to be considered in routing.
Part-B
1. Discuss the concepts of Routing and wavelength assignment with neat diagram.
2. Explain in detail the issues in network design of wavelength routing networks and
optical layer cost tradeoffs.
3. Explain the importance of wavelength routing test beds and various ways by which the
performance of a fiber optic communication networks may be studied.
4. Discuss the optical layer cost trade offs.
5. Explain with necessary diagrams the architecture of wavelength routing testbeds.
6. How traffic models are commonly employed to study optical networks to define the
traffic characteristics?
7. Discuss the features that are provided by an optical layer.
UNIT-V
Part-A
1. Draw the basic building blocks of WDM approach.
2. What are the key design objectives of optical TDM Networks?
3. Define OTDM?
4. What is WDM?
5. Why do we need to develop WDM fiber optic network?
6. Why is WDM the major trend in Fiber optic network?
7. What is an optical switch?
8. Mention the importance of optical TDM networks.
9. What is the need for OTDM?
10. What is a soliton pulse?
11. What is SDM?
12. What is TDM?
13. How synchronization is achieved in optical communication networks?
14. What do you mean by broadcast networks?
15. List out the applications of WDM approach.
16. List out the applications of SDM approach.
17. List out the applications of TDM approach.
Part-B
1. Compare and contrast Broadcast networks and switch based networks in detail.
2. Discuss in detail, SDM, TDM and WDM approaches in High capacity Networks.
3. Explain the importance of OTDM test beds and discuss advantages and disadvantages.
4. Discuss in detail with neat diagram the principle, requirement and applications of
WDM.
5. Explain how lower speed data streams are multiplexed optically into a higher speed
streams?
6. Discuss in detail, optical TDM networks.
7. With a neat sketch explain the concept of multiplexing and demultiplexing with high
capacity networks.
8. Explain the various applications of SDM,TDM and WDM approaches.
9. Discuss in detail the broadcast Networks.
10. Compare the performance of SDM,TDM and WDM approaches.