Download Aromalyne Training Level 3 Diploma in Aromatherapy (ABC) Level 3

Aromalyne Training
Level 3 Diploma in Aromatherapy (ABC)
LEVEL 3 DIPLOMA IN AROMATHERAPY
MODULE 18
KNOWLEDGE OF ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY & PATHOLOGY FOR
COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES
THE URINARY SYSTEM
Module 11
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY WORKBOOK
Name: …………………………………………………………
1
Christina Lyne Ltd©2014
Aromalyne Training
Level 3 Diploma in Aromatherapy (ABC)
Use the diagram in your workbook to help you label the missing structures. You may
also use the labels below:
Kidneys
Bladder
1.
2.
Urethra
Ureter tube
3.
4.
These structures form part of the urinary system. Complete the boxes below:
Structure
Function
Ureter
tubes
Bladder
Urethra
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Christina Lyne Ltd©2014
Aromalyne Training
Level 3 Diploma in Aromatherapy (ABC)
The kidneys do the major work of the urinary system. In your own words, describe
the following functions of the kidneys:
Regulation of blood cell production:
Regulation of glucose production:
Regulation of blood pressure:
Excretion of wastes & foreign substances:
Regulation of blood volume:
Synthesis of Vitamin D:
Regulation of blood pH:
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Christina Lyne Ltd©2014
Aromalyne Training
Level 3 Diploma in Aromatherapy (ABC)
Answer the following questions about the external structure of the kidney:
What structure helps the kidney to maintain its shape?
................................................................................................................................
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
What other function does this structure have?
...............................................................................................................................
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
What is this structure made of?
..................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
Where is the adipose capsule found and what is its function?
...................................................................................................................................
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
What secures the kidneys to their surrounding structures and fixes them to the
posterior abdominal wall?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
What is this fascia composed of?
.................................................................................................................................
Name the structure on the concave medial border of the kidney:
.................................................................................................................................
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Christina Lyne Ltd©2014
Aromalyne Training
Level 3 Diploma in Aromatherapy (ABC)
What happens here?
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
Each kidney is encapsulated in / protected by three layers of tissue. Can you name
them?
1)
2)
3)
The kidney has an outer and an inner part, what are they each called?
Outer
Inner
How much urine should a healthy adult pass every day? …………………………..
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Christina Lyne Ltd©2014
Aromalyne Training
Level 3 Diploma in Aromatherapy (ABC)
Use the diagram in your workbook to help you label the missing structures. You may
also use the labels below:
Renal cortex
Renal medulla
Renal capsule
Renal pelvis
Renal column
Renal pyramid
Renal column
Minor calyx
Major calyx
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Ureter
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Microscopic structure of the kidneys:
The kidney has microscopic filters. What are they called?
.................................................................................................................................
What is the main function of a nephron?
.................................................................................................................................
………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Christina Lyne Ltd©2014
Aromalyne Training
Level 3 Diploma in Aromatherapy (ABC)
Use the diagram in your workbook to help you label the missing structures. You may
also use the labels below:
Glomerulus
Bowman’s capsule
Collecting duct
Distal convoluted tubule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
In your own words, describe what happens in the renal corpuscle:
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Christina Lyne Ltd©2014
Aromalyne Training
Level 3 Diploma in Aromatherapy (ABC)
Name the three sections that make up the renal tubule and briefly describe their
functions:
Structures
Function
URETERS
The wall of the ureter is made up of three layers. Give the name and state what
type of tissue each is made of:
Name of layer
Type of tissue
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Christina Lyne Ltd©2014
Aromalyne Training
Level 3 Diploma in Aromatherapy (ABC)
BLADDER
What type of tissue allows the bladder to stretch?
...........................................................................................................................
What is the name of the type of muscle that is found in the bladder wall?
...........................................................................................................................
How many layers of this type of muscle are there? ..........................................
What is the name of the tube that transports urine from a kidney to the bladder?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
What is the name of the tube that transports urine from the bladder to be expelled?
..............................................................................................................................
URINE and its COMPOSITION
Name the main components of urine:
List the components that make up the remaining 2%
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Christina Lyne Ltd©2014
Aromalyne Training
Level 3 Diploma in Aromatherapy (ABC)
Complete the following sentences:
Urine is formed by the .............................. draining into collecting ducts and then into
larger ........................ ducts. It is then drained into a large, funnel-shaped cavity
called the ......................................... This connects to the ....................................
In your own words, describe how urine leaves the bladder:
Describe what happens at each stage of the filtration process:
Stage
Description of filtration process
Simple
filtration
Selective
reabsorption
Tubular
secretion
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Christina Lyne Ltd©2014
Aromalyne Training
Level 3 Diploma in Aromatherapy (ABC)
How is blood pressure is regulated by the kidneys?
Fill in the gaps:
Renin is a ........................ produced by special cells within the kidney. It acts to
............................... blood pressure and to restore normal blood flow.
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is a group of hormones that act together
to regulate .................................... When blood pressure drops, cells in the kidneys
detect the change and release ............. into the blood-stream. Renin then converts
the plasma protein ................................ (produced in the......................)
into...................................
Angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) which is formed in the .......................... ,
then converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II. This powerful hormone acts directly
on blood vessels to cause blood pressure to ...................................................
It also stimulates the release of the two hormones ............................... and
………………………….
Aldosterone is a powerful ............................... It causes the kidneys to retain both
.......................... and ................................... and to excrete .......................... The
sodium causes water to be retained, thus raising blood volume and blood pressure.
Renin secretion is ...................
Water balance and urine output.
Fill in the gaps:
The body obtains most of its water from ....................... and .......................... Fluids
are lost from the body through normal physiological activities such as
........................... , ........................ and …….............................. The majority of fluid
output occurs via ....................... Some fluid is also lost through ................... and
..............................................
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Christina Lyne Ltd©2014
Aromalyne Training
Level 3 Diploma in Aromatherapy (ABC)
The body has homeostatic control mechanisms that maintain a constant internal
environment, to ensure that there is a balance between fluid gain and fluid loss.
This is called ........................... The most important organs involved in this process
are the .....................
The hormones that play a major role in this are .................................... and
...................................
If the body does not have sufficient fluids, there is an ........................... in the
secretion of these hormones, causing fluid to be .......................... by the kidneys and
urine output to be ...........................
If the fluid levels are ................................., secretion of these hormones is
........................., resulting in the kidneys retaining less fluid and therefore a
subsequent ............................ in the volume of urine produced.
This happens when ................................................. in the .....................................
detect changes in the ...................
..................... in the blood.
Give some examples of what can cause daily urine output to vary:
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