Download MWNF - Discover Islamic Art

TIMELINE | 400 to 900 | JORDAN
Date
528 A.D.
Country | Description
Jordan
The Byzantine Emperor Justinianus (later Justinian) grants the ally of the
Byzantines, al-Haritha ibn Jibla, the Arab-Christian ruler of the Ghassan
tribe who settled in Syria and Jordan, the title ‘Baselues’ (king).
542 A.D.
Jordan
Sanctification of Bishop Theodorus as a bishop of Jordan and Palestine by
the Empress Theodora according to the request of al-Haritha al-Ghassani.
570 A.D.
Jordan
The birth at Mecca on 2 July of Prophet Muhammad, the messenger of God
who introduced Islam to the whole world.
613 A.D.
Jordan
The Sassanian invasion of Syria (Bilad al-Sham) begins under the
leadership of Shahrbaraz, causing the destruction of many cities.
622 A.D.
Jordan
On 4 September Prophet Muhammad emigrates with the Muslims to the
town of Medina. This event known as Hijra and marks the beginning of the
Hijri calendar.
629 A.D.
Jordan
On 4 September the Battle of Mu’ta begins between the Muslims and the
Byzantines at the site of Mu’ta in southern Jordan. The cause of the battle
is the killing of messenger of Prophet Muhammad by the Ghassanids.
630 A.D.
Jordan
In October a peace treaty is made between Prophet Muhammad and the
Bishop of Ayla, John bin Ru’ba in exchange for the payment of 300 dinars a
year as poll tax for protection.
635 A.D.
Jordan
In January the inhabitants of Pella sign a covenant with the new Muslim
rulers after the battle of Fihl (Pella) agreeing to pay poll and land taxes;
the transition from Byzantine to Islamic rule at Pella was peaceful and
uninterrupted.
636 A.D.
Jordan
On 20 August the Muslim armies overrun the Transjordan highlands. They
go on to win a decisive battle against the Byzantines on the banks of the
Yarmouk River, which opens the way to the conquest of Syria.
639 A.D.
Jordan
During the conquest of Jordan, a plague called ‘Emwas’ starts in Palestine
and spreads all over Jordan. Among the 25,000 people who die are the
companions of the Prophet who ruled the Jordan valley.
658 A.D.
Jordan
In February mediation between ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib and Mu’awiya is held at
Udhruh in southern Jordan after the battle of Siffin to decide who will be
the caliph of Muslims. Mu’awiya wins by trickery.
661 A.D.
Jordan
The Umayyad Dynasty starts its caliphate in Syria and Jordan under
Mu’awiya ibn Abi Sufyan, who makes Damascus his capital.
728 A.D.
Jordan
An Umayyad town is established on the citadel of Amman comprising a
palace complex, congregational mosque, residential units, a reservoir and
a bath.
743 - 744 A.D.
Jordan
Several Umayyad palaces are built in Jordan, notably Mushatta Palace with
its fantastic façade.
747 A.D.
Jordan
A ruinous earthquake destroys Jerusalem and most of the cities of Jordan
at the end of Umayyad rule.
749 A.D.
Jordan
The Abbasid family left al-Humayma in Jordan for Kufa in Iraq in order to
lead the revolt against the Umayyads. Their plotting reaches a successful
conclusion in this year.
796 A.D.
Jordan
The Abbasid Caliph al-Rashid appoints his brother Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi
governor (wali) of Jordan. It was customary to appoint the brothers and
family members of caliphs to administrative positions.
822 A.D.
Jordan
Sa’id ibn Khalid, a grandson of the third orthodox Caliph ‘Uthman, leads a
revolt against the Abbasids at al-Fudayn in Jordan calling for the restitution
of the Umayyad caliphate. Abandoned by his companions, his revolt ended.
875 A.D.
Jordan
Bilad al-Sham (Syria, Jordan, Palestine) comes under the rule of the
Tulunid dynasty; Ahmad ibn Tulun is the founder of this dynasty in Egypt.