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289 words Essential Standard 1 Cell Structure and Function Essential Standard 1 Cell Metabolism Essential Standard 2 Ecology and Ecosystems Essential Standard 2 cell organelle nucleus nucleolus cell membrane phospholipid bilayer semipermeable cytoplasm ribosome mitochondria cell wall vacuole chloroplast chlorophyll stomata golgi appartus smooth endoplasmic reticulum rough endoplasmic reticulum lysosome eukaryote prokaryote flagella cilia homeostasis diffusion osmosis concentration gradient hypertonic hypotonic isotonic equilibrium passive transport active transport ecology ecosystem niche habitat organism species population community biome water cycle carbon cycle nitrogen cycle oxygen cycle biotic factor abiotic factor producer consumer herbivore carnivore omnivore detritivore decomposer food chain food web trophic level predator prey symbiosis mutualism commensalism parasitism host parasite predation competition limiting factor carrying capacity random sampling J-curve exponential growth pollution deforestation global warming fossil fuels renewable resource nonrenewable resource acid rain invasive species biocontrol bioaccumulation biodiversity conservation 289 words Essential Standard 3 Cell Reproduction Essential Standard 3 Genetics and Biotech Essential Standard 3 Evolution and Classification Essential Standard 4 Basic Macromolecules DNA RNA double helix DNA replication semi-conservative purine pyrimidine adenine guanine cytosine thymine uracil protein synthesis transcription translation messenger RNA ribosomal RNA transfer RNA codon anti-codon mutation mutagen mitosis asexual reproduction interphase prophase metaphase anaphase telophase cytokinesis meiosis sexual reproduction gene gene regulation karyotype fertilization zygote gamete allele dominant recessive homozygous heterozygous genotype phenotype purebred chromosome law of segregation law of independent assortment testcross simple dominance incomplete complete dominance codominance blood type polygenic trait sex-linked trait pedigree DNA fingerprinting transgenic organism cloning stem cell biotechnology Human Genome Project recombinant DNA splicing plasmid variation fossil natural selection adaptation evolution gene pool bottleneck effect genetic drift extinction speciation geographic isolation reproductive isolation homologous structures embryology bacteria virus taxonomy classification dichotomous key phylogenetic tree domain kingdom phylum class order family genius species carbohydrate lipid protein nucleic acid fatty acid monomer polymer polysaccharide monosaccharide glycerol nucleotide nitrogenous base phosphate D-sugar R-sugar amino acid polar nonpolar hydrophobic hydrophilic acid base pH buffer insulin Diabetes enzyme substrate active site catalyst denature ATP photosynthesis cellular respiration aerobic anaerobic fermentation lactic acid
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