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心内科医学专业英语词汇(带音标)
心内科医学专业英语词汇(带音标)
医学 术语学 (yi xue shu yu xue)
Introduction to the First Edition of
Medical Terminology for the Chinese Medical
Professional
This is to serve as an introduction to medical terminology that is commonly in use
by the English speaking international medical community. This book is put together
with the Chinese language speaker in mind but may be used by English language speakers
who wish to familiarize themselves with Chinese medical terminology. It is not
intended as a replacement for the arduous study of the Greek and Latin languages,
which are the basis of the majority of the words, used by the English speaking medical
community, but rather as a beginning in learning the myriad of words and terms in
use by the modern medical community. Learning the terms presented in this book will
enable the student to understand most of the words and expressions in current use,
and
armed
with
the
knowledge
of
the
construction
of
how
http://www.1mpi.com/doc/2b44415fd94d3d630ac190edGreek and Latin words are created
should enable the reader, to be able to obtain a comprehension of any new medical
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vocabulary terms.
Chinese has been added to facilitate a better understanding for
the intended Chinese reader.
In the first part of the book the reader is introduced to the construction of medical
terms. Subsequent chapters then delve into the various medical fields, which use terms
specific to their disciplines. Abbreviations and terms not of Greek or Latin origin
are introduced to familiarize the reader with additional idiosyncrasies in English
Medical Terminology.
How to Understand Medical terms and Expressions
The foundation for medical terms in the English language has it roots in the languages
of Latin and Greek. Knowledge of these languages will give a Chinese Medical
Professional a much better understanding of an unfamiliar word and or expression.
Converselhttp://www.1mpi.com/doc/2b44415fd94d3d630ac190edy,
the
Medical
Professional whom has English, as their primary language will benefit from seeing
the construction of the Chinese Medical Terminology in their studies of the Chinese
language.
Familiarize yourself with the Latin, Greek and French works in this Book and you will
be able to understand the vast majority of medical terms in use in the English language.
When you encounter a word you have never seen before you will be able to understand
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it’s meaning by “dissecting” the word and knowing its components and how they are
used in other words. English being a dynamic language will continue to incorporate
more new medical terms and replace older ones, you need to prepare yourself by knowing
the material contained within this manual.
Medical terminology words and words of importance are in Bold script. Sometimes a
definition is given for the word and this will be in parentheses. Chinese is added
tohttp://www.1mpi.com/doc/2b44415fd94d3d630ac190ed those words, which are written
in bold script, to help the reader understand the relationship between the English
Terminology and the Chinese Terminology. Pinyin is written in (Blue Italic Arial
script) within parenthesis. An Example of this format is as follows:
Cardiology (the study of the heart) 心脏病学 (xin zang bing xue)
Observe how in Chinese the word Myocarditis (inflamed muscle layer of heart)
心
肌炎 (xin ji yan) has a structure, which is not too dissimilar to the English with
心 (xin) meaning heart, 肌 (ji) meaning muscle and 炎 (yan) meaning inflammation.
Using this word dissection technique the non-Chinese speaker can familiarize
themselves with the Chinese Medical Terminology. Here is another example to
illistrate how nicely the Chinese construct medical words. The Chinese word for big
is 大 (da) and Intestine is 腸 (chang).
understood
to
mean
And from the previous example 炎 (yan) is
inflammation.
So
when
you
http://www.1mpi.com/doc/2b44415fd94d3d630ac190edstart to put them together in
wanting to say large intestine you have 大腸 (da chang) and for colitis which is an
inflammation of the large intestine it is simply 大肠炎 (da chang yan).
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Generally there are three basic parts to English medical terms:
Word Root 词根 (ci gen)
Prefix
Suffix This is the central meaning of the term and is usually in the middle of the
medical term.
meaning.
Seen at the the beginning of the term it helps to identify the central
前缀
(qian zhui) 后缀
(hou zhui)
Always at the end of the term, the
suffix modifies the central
meaning as to what or who is interacting with it or what is
happening to it.
Here is an example of how to take apart a word to understand the term:
Myocarditis
Prefix
心肌炎 (xin ji yan)
Word Root
Suffix
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myo
=
muscle
肌
(ji)
card
=
heart
心
(xin)
ihttp://www.1mpi.com/doc/2b44415fd94d3d630ac190edtis = inflammation 炎 (yan)
Myo as the Prefix helps to identify the Word Root card, and it is modifying the Word
Root by implicating an inflammation process that is occurring. Ergo, we can now
understand that Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle.
Prefix change:
Myocarditis (inflamed muscle layer of heart)
心肌炎 (xin ji yan)
Pericarditis (inflamed outer layer of heart)
心包炎 (xin bao yan)
Endocarditis (inflamed inner layer of heart)
心内膜炎 (xin nei mo yan)
Suffix change:
Cardiologist
(a physician specializing in the heart) 心脏病专家 (xin zang bing
zhuan jia) Cardiomyopathy
Cardiomegaly
(damage to heart muscle layer) 心肌症 (xin jin zheng)
(enlargement of the heart)
心脏扩大症 (xin zang kuo da zheng)
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The basics illustrated above are just to introduce the parts of medical terms and
demonstrate
示
范
(shi
fan)
how
movinhttp://www.1mpi.com/doc/2b44415fd94d3d630ac190edg the parts of the word around
modifies the central meaning without changing the Word Root cardio 心 (xin).
When the Prefix and Suffix changes it can alter the meaning of a term without changing
its central meaning by keeping the Word Root the same.
Now let us take the Word Root therm 发热 (fa re) which means heat, and see how it
is used to make words. Hypo is the Prefix and means less, so Hypothermia 体温降低
(ti wen jiuan di) can mean less heat. And another Prefix added to therm is Meter which
means to measure, consequently a Thermometer 温度计 (wen du ji), 体温计 (ti wen ji)
is a something used to measuring heat. Here both forms of the Chinese word for
Thermometer are listed as the Chinese language distinguish between a thermometer used
for measuring the air temperature 温度计 (wen du ji) and another for body temperature
体温计 (ti wen ji).
The
following
are
frequently
used
(prefixhttp://www.1mpi.com/doc/2b44415fd94d3d630ac190edes)
word
and
beginnings
word
endings
(suffixes) used to make up many medical terms. If you know them, you will know the
majority of simple medical terms.
Note that some organs have more than one word root.
For example, let us look at the word Breast 乳房 (ru fang) which can be written as
masto- or mammo-.
Typically, one is derived from the Greek and one from Latin.
You
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need to know both roots because you may see either of them used.
An x-ray of the
breast is called a Mammogram 乳房 X 线照片 (ru fang X xian zhao pian) and is used to
help detect Mastocarcinoma (breast cancer) 乳癌 and if the surgeon must remove the
breast then that procedure is termed a Mastectomy 乳房切除术 (lu fang qie chu shu).
Remember the parts that make up medical terminology are prefixes, word roots and
suffixes.
The most typical sequence is prefix, word root, and suffix with the word
root being central but this is not always the case.
In this manual you will see a
hyphen inhttp://www.1mpi.com/doc/2b44415fd94d3d630ac190ed front of a suffix to
indicate it is added to the end of a word, let us take the example of –itis
(inflammation) 炎 (yan) or –oma (tumor) 瘤 (Liu).
shown as freestanding word parts.
Prefixes and word roots are
A slash and a vowel, such as seen in the example
of Leuk/o (white) are called combining forms which make it easier to attach to other
word parts, and, make the word easier to pronounce.
A larger listing of Root Words, Prefixes and Suffixes are given in Appendix B and
is included in this book to help the reader in further dissecting words and
understanding them.
Common Prefixes
a/an = without, none
Hyper = more then normal Anemia 贫血 (pin xue) Hypertension 高血压 (gao xue ya)
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Hyperthermia 过高热 (guo gao re)
Hypotension 血压过低 (Xue ya guo gao)
Hypothermia 降低体温
Normo = Normal
(jian de ti wen)
Normotensive 正常血压的 (zhen chan xue ya de)
Brady =http://www.1mpi.com/doc/2b44415fd94d3d630ac190ed slow
Bradycardia 心搏
徐缓 (xin bo xu huan)
Tachy = fast
Tachycardia 心动过速 (xin dong guo su)
micro = small
large
Microstomia (abnormally small mouth) 小口的 (xiao ko de) macro =
Macrostomia (abnormally large mouth) 颊横裂 (jia heng lie) mega/ -megaly
= enlarged
Megacolon (abnormally large colon) 巨结肠 (ju jei chang) Hypo = less then
normal
Prefixes Showing Location
Endo = within
Endoscopy 内窥镜检查法 (Nei Kui Jing Jian Cha Fa)
Peri = around
Perianal (around the anus) 肛门周围的 (Gang Men Zhou Wei De)
= around
Circum
Circumcise (to cut around) 环切术 (Huan Qie Shu)
Retro = behind
= upon, on top
Trans = through
Retrosternal (behind the breastbone) 胸骨后的 (Xiong Gu Hou De)
Epi
Epidermis (outermost layer of skin) 表皮 (Biao Pi)
Transurethral (through the urinary duct) 经尿道的 (Jing Niao Dao
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De) Intra = within
Intravenous (inside the veins, e.g. IV fluids) 静脉内的(Jing Mai
Nei De) Sub = below
Shttp://www.1mpi.com/doc/2b44415fd94d3d630ac190edubclavian
(below the clavicle or collar bone) 锁骨下的 (Suo Gu Xia De)
Prefixes Showing Color
Leuk/o = white Leukemia (Overabundance of white blood cells) 白血病 (Bai xue bing)
xanth/o = yellow
Xanthoma (Yellow tumor) 黄瘤 (Huang liu)
cyan/o = blue Cyanosis (Blueness due to cold or no O2 in blood) 苍白病 (Cang bai bing)
melan/o = black Melanoma (Black tumor of the skin) 黑素瘤 (Hei su liu)
Common Word Roots
Stomato = Mouth
Dento = Teeth
Glosso/Linguo = Tongue 舌头 (she tou)
Stomatitis 口腔炎 (kou qiang yan) Dentist
牙科医生 (Ya ke ti sheng) Glossitis 舌炎 (She yan),
Lingual nerve 舌神经 (She shen jing)
Gingivo=Gums 齿龈 (Chi yin)
Gingivitis 齿龈炎 (Chi yin yan)
Encephalo = Brain 脑 (nao)
Encephalitis 脑炎 (Nao yan)
Gastro = Stomach 胃 (Wei)
Gastritis 胃炎 (Wei yan)
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Entero = Intestine 腸 (Chang)
Gastroenteritis 肠胃炎 (Chang wei yan) Colo =
Large intestine 大 http://www.1mpi.com/doc/2b44415fd94d3d630ac190ed 腸
Colitis
大肠炎 (Da chang yan)
Megacolon 巨结肠 (ju jie chang)
Procto = Anus 肛门 (Gang men) Proctitis 直肠炎 (Zhi chang yan),
Proctology 直肠病学 (Zhi chang bing xue)
Hepato = Liver 肝脏(Gan zang) Hepatitis 肝脏炎 (Gan zang yan),
Hepatomegaly 肝肿大 (Gan zhong da)
Nephro/Rene = Kidney 腎(Shen) Nephrosis 肾变病 (Shen bian bing), 肾病(Shen bing),
Renal artery 肾脏的 动脉 (Shen zang de dong mai),
Orchido = Testis 睾丸(Gao wan) Orchiditis 睾丸炎 (Gao wan yan)
Orchidectomy 睾丸切除术(Gao wan qie chu shu)
Dermo = Skin 皮肤 (pi fu)
Dermatitis 皮炎 (pi yan)
Masto/Mammo = Breast 乳房 (ru fang)
Mastectomy 乳房切除术 (ru fang qie chu shu)
Mammography 乳房 X 线照相术 (ru fang X xian zhao xiang shu)
Osteo = Bones 骨骼 (gu ge) Osteoporosis 骨质疏松症 (gu zhi shu song zheng) Cardio
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= Heart 心脏 (xin zang) Electrocardiogram (ECG) 心电图 (xin dian tu)
Rhino
=
Nose
鼻 子
(bi
zi)
Rhinitis
鼻 炎
(bi
yan),
鼻 粘
http://www.1mpi.com/doc/2b44415fd94d3d630ac190ed 膜炎 (bi nian mo yan) Phlebo /Veno
= Veins 静脉 (jin mai)
Phlebitis 静脉炎, (jing mai yan)
Phlebotomy 刺骼, 放血 (fang xue)
Phlebosclerosis 靜脈硬化 (jing mai ying hua)
Pneumo/Pulmo = Lung 肺 (fei)
Pneumonitis 局限性肺炎 (ju xian xing fei yan)
Pulmonologist 肺科医生 (fei ke yi sheng)
Hemo/Emia = Blood 血 (xue)
Anemia 贫血, 贫血症 (pin xue, pin xue zheng)
Hematologist 血液学家 (xue ye xue jia)
Common Suffixes
-itis = Inflammation 炎症 (yan zheng)
Tonsillitis 扁桃腺炎 (bian tao xian yan)
Appendicitis 阑尾炎 (lan wei yan), 盲肠炎 (mang chang yan)
-osis = Abnormal 反常的 (fan chang de) Cyanosis 苍白病 (Cang bai bing)
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-ectomy = to remove
Appendectomy 阑尾切除术 (lan weiqie chu shu)
Tonsillectomy 扁桃腺切除术 (bian tao xian qie chu shu)
-otomy = to cut into
Tracheotomy (cut into windpipe 气管 (qi guan ))
气管切开术 (qi guan qie kai shu)
-ostomy
=
to
make
a
mouth
Chttp://www.1mpi.com/doc/2b44415fd94d3d630ac190edolostomy 结肠造瘘术 (jie chang
zhao lou shu)
-scopy/ -scopic = to look
Colonoscopy 结肠镜检查 (jie chang jing jian cha)
-graphy = recording an image Mammography 乳房 X 线照相术 (ru fang x zhao xiang shu)
-gram = image
Mammogram 乳房 X 线照片 (ru fanf X xian zhao pian)
(X-ray) X 光照片 (X guang zhao pian)
Cardiology
心脏病学 (xin zang bing xue) Cardi/o = Heart
心 (xin)
= Slow
= Fast
Endocarditis 心内膜炎 (xin nei mo yan)
(xin ji yan)
Myocarditis 心肌炎
Pericarditis 心包炎 (xin bao yan) Bradycardia
(rate100) 心动过速 (xin dong guo su)
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Brady
Tachy
Angi/o = Vessel
血管
Angiography 血管造影术 (xue guan zao ying shu)
Angiogram (artery X-ray) 血管造影 (xue guan zao ying)
(xue guan) Angioscope
= Vein 血管 Venogram 静脉造影 (jing mai zao ying)
(xue guan) Phlebitis 静脉炎 (jing mai yan)
= to stop Hemostasis 止血法 (zhi xue fa)
= Cell
http://www.1mpi.com/doc/2b44415fd94d3d630ac190ed 细胞 Erythrocytes 红血球
(hong xue qiu)
(xi bao) Leucocytes 白细胞 (bai xi bao)
= Blood 血
(xue) Anemia 贫血 (pin xue)
Hypoxemia 血氧不足 (xue yang
bu zu)
Hematosalpinx 输卵管积血 (shu luan guan ji xue) Veno/phlebo -stasis -cyte Hem/o,
-emia
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Cardiologist 心脏病专家 (xin zang bing zuan jia)
A physician specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the heart and
circulatory system. A cardiologist does not do surgery as that is beyond their
training, and is done by a cardiovascular surgeon 心血管医生 (xin xue guan xi sheng).
Hematologist 血液学家 (xue ye xue jia)
This is a physician specializing in diseases of the blood.
Atherosclerosis 动脉硬化症 (dong mai ying hua zheng)
Atherosclerosis comes from the Greek word athero gruel 稀粥 (xi zhou) or paste 黏
土 团 (nian tu tuan) and sclerosis (hardness) 硬化症 (ying hua zheng). As this
imhttp://www.1mpi.com/doc/2b44415fd94d3d630ac190edplies,
the
condition
is
characterized by deposits of fatty substances, such as cholesterol, and other
materials hardening on the inner lining of an artery. High fat diets can lead to this
formation of fatty plaques lining blood vessels.
These fatty areas can become
calcified and hard leading to arteriosclerosis, hardening of the arteries.
blood vessels become less stretchable 伸长的 (shen
chang
and can result in heart and kidney damage and strokes.
Myocardial infarction (MI) 心肌梗塞 (xin ji geng se)
When
de), blood pressure rises
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The word myocardial 心肌的 (xin ji de) means the muscle of the heart. An infarction
梗死形成 (geng si xing cheng) is a blockage of blood flow resulting in death of muscle
tissue.
A simple way to say myocardial infarction is simply heart attack 心脏病
发作 (xin zang bin fa zuo).
Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)
二尖瓣脫垂
僧帽瓣脫落 (seng mai ban tou luo),
(er jinan ban tou chui)
Blood flhttp://www.1mpi.com/doc/2b44415fd94d3d630ac190edows through four chambers
in the heart separated by one-way valves. A major valve is the one separating the
upper and lower chambers on the left side of the heart. The left side is especially
important because freshly oxygenated blood returning from the lungs is circulated
out of the heart to the rest of the body. The left valve, called atrioventricular
房室的 (fang shi de), for the chambers it separates, is also called the Mitral valve
瓣膜 (ban mo), because it is shaped like an upside down Bishop’s hat, a miter. If
the flaps of this valve tear away due to disease, the process is called prolapse
下垂 (xia chui), 脱垂 (tuo chui), falling forward”. This results in leakage and
backward flow called regurgitation 回流 (hui liu). With Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)
symptoms do not normally begin before the early teenage years, however, people of
any age may be affected.
MVP has a strong genetic 遗传的 (yi chuan de) tendency and
is inherited as a dominant gene http://www.1mpi.com/doc/2b44415fd94d3d630ac190ed
显性基因 (xian xing ji yin) with a greater expression in females than males.
Stenosis 瓣膜狭窄 (ban mo xia zai),
Sometimes a valve is abnormally narrow causing partial obstruction constricting flow.
Stenosis
狭窄 (xia zai) means, “a narrowing”. This condition is thought to affect
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anywhere from five to twenty percent of the general population 種群 (zhoug qun), 族
群 (zu qun), 人口 (ren luo).
Angina pectoris 绞痛 (jiao tong)
Angina pectoris is literally, “ a pain in the chest”. But, this is a special kind
of pain associated with the heart and is distinctive as “crushing, vise-like”, and
often accompanied by shortness of breath, fatigue 疲劳 (pi lao) and nausea 恶心 (e
xin). Anginal pain indicates not enough blood is getting to the heart muscle. Often
the term is shortened to just angina 咽喉炎 (yan hou yan).
Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) 心电图 (xin dian tu), 心动电流图 (略作 ECG)
Recording the Electrical http://www.1mpi.com/doc/2b44415fd94d3d630ac190edactivity
of the heart. In Europe an electrocardiogram is often spelled electrokardiogram,
hence the alternative in abbreviations as EKG. the most common reading from an ECG
is the Regular Sinus Rhythm 有規律的竇性節奏 (you gui lv de dou xing jie zou)
which is the normal heart rate and seen in patients with no cardiac problems.
Regular Sinus Rhythm 有規律的竇性節奏 (you gui lv de dou xing jie zou)
Arrhythmia 心律不齐 (xin lv bu qi)
/
Dysrhythmia 心律失常 (xin lv si chang)
Abnormal heart rates and rhythms all have special names like ventricular tachycardia
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心动过速
(xin dong guo su), or fibrillation 纤维颤动 (qian wei zhan dong), but generically
are termed arrhythmias (no rhythm) 心律不齐 (xin lv bu qi) or dysrhythmia (abnormal
rhythm) 心律失常 (xin lv si chang
).
Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) 心动过速 (xin dong guo su)
Atrial Fibrillation (AF) 纤维颤动（xian wei chan dong）
http://www.1mpi.com/doc/2b44415fd94d3d630ac190ed
Ischemia 心肌缺血 (xin ji que xue)
This means “not quite enough blood”. Typically, the patient suffers anginal pain
绞痛 （jiao tong） which is a pain in the chest and is quite often the first symptom
of heart problems.
Echocardiography 超声波心动扫描技术 (chao sheng bo xin dong sao miao ji su)
Using ultra high frequency sound waves to form an image of the inside of the heart,
the cardiologist can see valve damage, congenital defects (before birth) 先天缺陷
(xian tian que xian) and other abnormalities 畸形 (ji xing) 病态 （bing tai）. No
x-ray or radiation is involved in this procedure.
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Cardiac scan 心脏扫描 (xin zang shao miao)
A radioactive element is injected into the blood stream and create an image of the
heart showing the metabolic activity of the heart by the uptake of radioactivity in
various areas. Cardiac scans can identify areas of damaged or dead tissue, or reduced
metabolism 新陈代谢 (xhttp://www.1mpi.com/doc/2b44415fd94d3d630ac190edin chen dai
xie) due to reduced or blocked blood flow.
Radiopaque 辐射透不过的 (fu she tou bu guo de)
This term means that something is not transparent to X-rays or other forms of
radiation.
Cardiac catheterization 心脏导管插入术 (xin zang dao guan cha ru su)
A catheter (a long hollow tube) 导尿管 (dao niao guan), is put into a vein and pushed
to the heart.
Then a material opaque to X-rays 辐射透不过的 (fu she tou bu guo de)
can be released into the blood flow through the heart imaging the details of the
coronary arteries 冠状的 (guan zhuang de). Typically used to identify the location
of a blockage in the coronary 冠的 (guan de) circulation.
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Intravenous (IV) 静脉内的 (Jing Mai Nei De)
Within a vein a catheter is inserted and blood can be removed or fluids given for
therapy 治疗 (zhi liao).
Phlebotomist 抽血者 (chou xue zhe)
/
Venipuncturist
刺络医师 (ci luo yi shi)
The Ghttp://www.1mpi.com/doc/2b44415fd94d3d630ac190edreek and Latin versions of
“cutting into a vein”.
The specially trained nurse or technician draws blood for
lab tests and may also start intravenous fluids (IV’s) 静脉血 (jing mai xue) 静
脉注射液 (jing mai zhu she ye). In English a phlebotomist and a venipuncturist are
synonyms, whereas in China the latter is a medical specialty and the former is a nurse
specially trained in the procedure.
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