Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Module 2. Special histology and embryology Text test questions 1. Central nervous system consists of: A. Neuroglial cells. B. Myelinated fibers. C. Unmyelinated and thin myelinated fibers. D. Nerve processes. E. *Brain and spinal cord. 2. Type of neurons shape in the spinal cord: A. Corn-cells. B. Horizontal cells. C. Basket cells. D. Golgi cells. E. *Stellate cells. 3. Perineurium surrounds: A. Nerve. B. Nerve fiber. C. Axons. D. Dendrites. E. *Group of bandles. 4. Main components of peripheral nerve: A. Nerve endings. B. Glial cells. C. Myelin sheath. D. Nerve plexuses. E. *Nerve fibers. 5. Outermost tunic of peripheral nerve. A. Perichondrium. B. Endoneurium. C. Perineurium. D. Periosteum. E. *Epineuriun. 6. Endoneurium surrounds: A. Bandle of nerve fibers. B. Axon. C. Dendrite. D. Nerve. E. *One nerve fiber. 7. Pia mater consists of: A. Ependyma. B. Dense connective tissue. C. Vessels. D. Adventitia. E. *Loose connective tissue. 8. Classification of nervous system: A. Autonomic and sympathetic. B. Somatic and autonomic. C. Peripheral and autonomic. D. Sympathetic and parasympathetic. E. *Central and peripheral, somatic and autonomic. 9. Arachnoidea consists of: A. Ependyma. B. Dense connective tissue. C. Vessels. D. Adventitia. E. *Loose connective tissue. 10. Epineurium surrounds: A. Bandle of nerve fibers. B. Nerve fiber. C. Axon. D. Dendrite. E. *Nerve. 11. Functional type of the simple somatic reflex arc second neuron: A. Sensory. B. Associative. C. Activating. D. Inhibiting. E. *Motor. 12. Which structures are present in central nerve system? A. Black matter. B. Epineuriun. C. Connective tissue. D. Reticular formation. E. *White and gray matter. 13. Location of the dorsal root ganglion: A. Skin. B. Spinal nerve. C. Ventral root of spinal cord. D. Vessels. E. *Dorsal root of spinal cord. 14. Gray matter of spinal cord mainly consists of: A. Bipolar neurons. B. Pseudounipolar neurons. C. Myelinated fibers. D. Neuroglial cells. E. *Multipolar neurons. 15. What does endoneurium surround? A. Nerve outside. B. One nerve fiber. C. Axons. D. Dendrites. E. *Few fascicles of nerve fibers 16. Pia mater of the spinal cord consists of: A. Ependymal cells. B. Dense connective tissue. C. Vessels. D. Adventitia. E. *Loose connective tissue. 17. Dura mater of the spinal cord consists of: A. Ependymal cells. B. Loose connective tissue. C. Vessels. D. Adventitia. E. *Dense connective tissue. 18. Arachnoidea of the spinal cord consists of: A. Ependymal cells. B. Dense connective tissue. C. Vessels. D. Adventitia. E. *Loose connective tissue. 19. Type of nerve cells in dorsal root ganglia? A. Apolar. B. Unipolar. C. Bipolar. D. Multipolar. E. *Pseudounipolar. 20. What is middle meningea spinal cord? A. Pia mater. B. Dura mater. C. Ependyma. D. Mesothelium. E. *Arachnoidea. 21. What is outermost meningea spinal cord? A. Pia mater. B. Arachnoidea. C. Ependyma. D. Mesothelium. E. *Dura mater. 22. What is innermost meningea spinal cord? A. Dura mater. B. Arachnoidea. C. Ependyma. D. Mesothelium. E. *Pia mater. 23. Components of central nervous system A. Spinal cord and cerebellum. B. Nerve fiber and brain. C. Nerve ganglion and brain. D. Nerve plexus and spinal cord. E. *Brain and spinal cord. 24.. What are sensory endings? A. Effectors. B. Interneuronal synapses. C. Connective fibers D. Comissural fibers E. *Receptors 25. Components of peripheral nervous system A. Brain, nerve ganglion. B. Spinal cord. C. Nerve ganglion, spinal cord. D. Nerve plexus and brain. E. *Nerve, nerve ganglion, nerve plexus. 26. How many neurons are there in the simple somatic reflex arc? A. 1. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5. E. *2. 27. Morphological type of the simple somatic reflex arc first neuron: A. Unipolar. B. Bipolar. C. Multipolar. D. Stellate. E. *Pseudounipolar. 28. Functional type of the simple somatic reflex arc second neuron: A. Associative. B. Sensory. C. Activating. D. Inhibiting. E. *Motor. 29. Meningeas of the spinal cord in order: A. Mesothelium. B. Serosa. C. Ependyma. D. Adventitia. E. *Dura mater, pia mater, arachnoidea. 30. Main components of gray matter of spinal cord: A. Bipolar neurons. B. Pseudounipolar neurons. C. Myelinated fibers. D. Neuroglial cells. E. *Multipolar neurons. 31.Anatomical classification of nervous system A. Somatic and autonomic. B. Autonomic and sympathetic. C. Peripheral and autonomic. D. Sympathetic and parasympathetic. E. *Central and peripheral. 32. Which cells does nucleus of spinal cord anterior horn consist of? A. Sensory cells. B. Associative cells. C. Funicular cells. D. Inner cells. E. *Motor radicular cells. 33. Anterior radices of spinal cord of patient are damaged because of trauma. Violation of which organs functions it will result in? A. Sensory. B. Brain. C. Spinal cord. D. Skin. E. *Muscles. 34. Arrangement of nerve cells in dorsal root ganglion: A. Dispersed. B. In cords. C. In follicles. D. In layers. E. *In groups. 35. Arrangement of nerve cells in spinal cord gray matter: A. 3 layers. B. 5 layers. C. In cords. D. In lobules. E. *In nuclei. 36. Functions of sceletal muscles of upper extremities are violated. Which cells are affected? A. Pseudounipolar neurocytes of spinal node. B. Multypolar neurons of n. Intermediolateralis. C. Medial nucleus motoneurons of anterior horns of spinal cord. D. Unipolar neurocytes of spinal node. E. *Motoneurons of lateral nucleus of anterior horns of spinal cord. 37. Perikaryons of pseudounipolar neurons of spinal ganglion are surrounded by small cells with round nuclei. What are these cells? A. Astrocytes. B. Ependymal cells. C. Roots cells. D. Spongioblasts. E. *Mantial cells. 38. Axial cylinders and myelin destruction usually accompanies the traumas. Which structures of nerve fiber prove regeneration of myelin? A. Perineurium. B. Ependymal cells. C. Endoneurium. D. Astrocytes. E. *Neurolemmocytes (Shwann cells). 39. Axons of spinal cord anterior horn motoneurons are sected. Which nerve is damaged? A. Sensory. B. Mixed. C. Myelin fiber. D. Nerve ending. E. *Motor. 40. Central nervous system consists mainly of: A. Neuroglial cells. B. Myelinated fibers. C. Unmyelinated and myelinated fibers. D. Nerve processes. E. *Perikaryons of nerve cells. 41. Connective tissue scar inhibits regeneration of nerve. What factors are stimulating the regeneration of nerve? A. Antymitotic factors (cytostatics). B. Neurotrophic factors. C. Factors that stimulate mitosis. D. All above mentioned. E. *Schwann cells. 42. Dendrites of sensory (pseudounipolar) cells are sected. Which nerve is damaged? A. Motor. B. Mixed. C. Myelin fibers. D. Nerve endings. E. *Sensory. 43. Dorsal roots of spinal cord are damaged as a result of trauma. Functions of which cells are violated? A. Neurocytes of nucleus thoracicus. B. Neurocytes of nucleus proprius. C. Neurocytes of spongy substance. D. Neurocytes gelatinous substance. E. *Pseudounipolar neurons of spinal node. 44. Function of the central portion of efferent part of sympathetic nervous system is violated by pathologic process. What is possible place of process in spinal cord? A. Medial intermediate nucleus of lateral horns. B. Dorsal nucleus of posterior horns. C. Nucleus proprius of posterior horns. D. Nuclei of anterior horns. E. *Lateral intermediate nucleus. 45. Funicular cells location in spinal cord: A. Motor nuclei. B. White matter. C. Nucleus intermediolateralis. D. In meningeas. E. *Clark nucleus (nucleus proprius). 46. Funicular cells location in spinal cord: A. Motor nuclei. B. White matter. C. Nucleus intermediolateralis. D. In meningeas. E. *Nucleus thoracicus. 47. Funicular cells location in spinal cord: A. Motor nuclei. B. White matter. C. In meningeas. D. Nucleus intermediolateralis. E. *Nucleus intermediomedialis. 48. Funicular cells of spinal cord main function is: A. Motor. B. Sensory. C. Stimuli conduction from spinal cord. D. Interconnection of gray matter nuclei. E. *Spinal cord and brain interconnection. 49. Ganglionic plate was removed in embrio in experiment. What does it result in? A. In violation of the formation of the spinal cord. B. In violation of neuroglia formation. C. Nothing. D. In violation of the formation of central nervous system. E. *In violation of spinal and autonomic ganglia formation. 50. Gray matter of spinal cord mainly consists of: A. Bipolar neurons B. Pseudounipolar neurons C. Myelinated fibers D. Neuroglial cells E. *Multipolar neurons 51. How does the gray matter look like in the spinal cord? A. Oval-shape B. Z-like C. Irregular D. Triangular E. *H-like 52. Simple somatic reflex arc consists of: A. 6 neurons B. 3 neurons C. 4 neurons D. 5 neurons E. *2 neurons 53. How many nuclei are there in the anterior horn of the spinal cord? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. *5 54. How many nuclei are there in the intermediate horn of the spinal cord? A. A. 1 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 E. *2 55. How many nuclei are there in the posterior horn of the spinal cord? A. 1 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 E. *2 56. In histologic specimen of central nervous system gray matter lies inside white matter and has H-like shape. What is this organ? A. Large hemisphere. B. Cerebellar cortex. C. Dorsal root ganglion. D. Autonomic ganglion. E. *Spinal cord 57. Nervous system organ has capsule, which produces septae and pseudounipolar cells with surrounding glial cells under this capsule. Nerve fibers lie in the middle. What is this organ? A. Vegetative ganglion. B. Nerve trunk C. Part of the spinal cord. D. Part of the brain. E. *Spinal ganglion. 58. What nucleus of spinal cord has motor neurons which form the motor endings on skeletal muscles of trunk? A. Nucleus thoracicus. B. Intermediate lateral nucleus. C. Intermediate medial nucleus. D. Nucleus proprius of posterior horn. E. *Motor nucleus of anterior horn. 59. Which spinal cord cells line wall of the central spinal canal? A. Oligodendrocytes. B. Astrocytes. C. Spongioblasts. D. Neurolemmocytes. E. *Ependymocytes. 60. Doctor-neurologist makes a punkture of dura mater. Which tissue does it consist of? A. Loose connective tissue. B. Smooth muscle tissue. C. Bony tissue. D. Cartilage. E. *Dense connective tissue. 61. Certify principle feature of dorsal root ganglion. A. Neurons have motor function. B. Mostly has multipolar cells. C. Nerve cells have stellate shape. D. Mostly has unipolar cells. E. *Mostly has pseudounipolar cells. 62. Certify sensory endings. A. Effectors. B. Interneuronal synapses. C. Connective. D. Comissural. E. *Receptors. 63.Certify the outermost connective tissue tunic of peripheral nerve. A. Endoneurium. B. Perineurium. C. Periosteum. D. Perichondrium. E. *Epineuriun. 64. Inner cells of spinal cord function is: A. Motor. B. Sensory. C. Stimuli conduction from spinal cord. D. Spinal cord and brain interconnection. E. *Interconnection of gray matter nuclei. 65. Location of nerve cells in dorsal root ganglion: A. At the middle of ganglion. B. Dispersed. C. At the entrance. D. At the exit. E. *Under the capsule. 66. Location of the somatic reflex arc first neuron. A. Brain. B. Spinal cord. C. Skin. D. Organ. E. *Dorsalroot ganglion. 67. Location of the somatic reflex arc second neuron. A. Brain. B. Dorsalroot ganglion. C. Skin. D. Organ. E. *Spinal cord. 68. Main function of ependymal cells: A. Nutritive. B. Basic. C. Supportive. D. Excretory. E. *Secretory. 69. Mantial cells of dorsal root ganglia belong to: A. Astrocytes. B. Schwann cells. C. Ependymal cells. D. Fibrocytes. E. *Oligodendrocytes. 70. Middle meningea of the spinal cord: A. Mesothelium. B. Adventitia. C. Serosa. D. Ependyma. E. *Arachnoidea. 71.Meningea of the spinal cord: A. Mesothelium. B. Ependyma. C. Adventitia. D. Serosa. E. *Dura mater. 72. Meningea of the spinal cord: A. Mesothelium B. Serosa C. Ependyma D. Adventitia E. *Pia mater 73. Middle part of dorsal root ganglion is occupied by: A. Motor cells B. Glial cells C. Associative cells D. Pseudounipolar cells E. *Nerve fibers 74. Motor nerve of animal is cut. Which processes of nervous cells are damaged? A. Dendrite cells pseudounipolar sensitive neuron B. Axons sensory cells C. Dendrites of spinal cord anterior horn motoneurons D. Both axons and dendrites E. *Axons of spinal cord anterior horns motoneurons 75. Nervous ganglion is stained with silver impregnation, it has a lot of pseudounipolar nerve cells. What is this ganglion? A. Autonomic ganglion B. Mixed ganglion C. Sensory ganglion D. Associative ganglion E. *Dorsal root ganglion 76. Organ of central nervous system has nuclei, arranged in H-like structure. What is this organ? A. Cortex of large hemispheres B. Cerebellar cortex C. Hypothalamus D. Brainstem E. *Spinal cord 77. Poliomyelitis characterized by spinal cord damage which reflects in skeletal muscles disfunctions. Destructions of which neurons is it due to? A. Associative. B. Pseudounipolar. C. Associative and motor. D. Pseudounipolar and associative. E. *Motor neurons. 78. Patient is thick with poliomyelitis. His spinal cord is damaged and skeletal muscles function too. Which nerve cells destruction it is due to? A. Associative B. Pseudounipolar C. Unipolar D. Sensory E. *Associative and motor 79. Peripheral motor nerve is damaged. Which structures will promote its regeneration? A. Schwann cells B. Oligodendrocytes C. Nerolemma D. Dendrites of sensory cells E. *Axons of motor neurons 80. Peripheral nervous system imcludes: A. Brain B. Spinal Cord C. Cerebellum D. Medulla oblongata E. *Nerves 81. Peripheral nervous system imcludes: A. Brain B. Spinal Cord C. Cerebellum D. Medulla oblongata E. *Nerve ganglia 82. Peripheral nervous system imcludes: A. Brain B. Spinal Cord C. Cerebellum D. Medulla oblongata E. *Nerve plexus 83. Perineurium stabilizes the location of nerve. What is peryneurium? A. Outermost tunic of nerve B. Layer, which separates nerve fibers C. Connective tissue around nerve D. Reticular tissue E. *Connective tissue layer, which separates nerve bundles 84. Physiological classification of nervous system A. Autonomic and sympathetic B. Central and peripheral C. Peripheral and autonomic D. Sympathetic and parasympathetic E. *Somatic and autonomic 85. Posterior horn of spinal cord has thoracic nucleus. Which cells does nucleus consist of? A. Motor radicular cells. B. Sensory cells. C. Pseudounipolar cells. D. Inner cells. E. *Associative funicular cells. 86. Processes of which cells of spinal cord predominate in white matter? A. Radicular B. Inner C. Motor D. Sensory E. *Funicular 87.Pseudounipolar cells of dorsal root ganglia mainly belong to: A. Motor cells B. Associative cells C. Ascendent cells D. Connective cells E. *Sensory cells 88.Radicular cells location in spinal cord: A. Nucleus thoracicus B. Clark nucleus C. White matter D. Nucleus intermediomedialis E. *Motor nuclei 89.Radicular cells location in spinal cord: A. Nucleus thoracicus B. White matter C. Clark nucleus D. Nucleus intermediomedialis E. *Nucleus intermediolateralis 90. Radicular cells of spinal cord main function is: A. Motor B. Sensory C. Ascendent D. Connective E. *Stimuli conduction from spinal cord 91. Sensory nerve of animal is cut. Which processes of nervous cells are damaged? A. Axons of spinal cord anterior horns motoneurons B. Axons sensory cells C. Dendrites of spinal cord anterior horn motoneurons D. Both axons and dendrites E. *Dendrite of pseudounipolar neurons 92. Sensory nerve ganglion consists of neurocytes with two closely placed processes, which seprate at some distance. What is the type of these cells? A. Apolar. B. Bipolar. C. Unipolar. D. Multypolar. E. *Pseudounipolar. 93. Special classification of nerve cells in the spinal cord. A. Somatic and autonomic B. Sensory and motorneurons C. Associative cells and motorneurons D. Autonomic cells and sensory E. *Funicular, radicular and inner 94. Special feature of spinal cord funicular cells A. Short axons B. Long axons C. Axons lie in gray matter D. Axons constitute anterior radix E. *Axons constitute white matter 95. Special feature of spinal cord radicular cells A. Short axons B. Long axons C. Axons lie constitute white matter D. Axons lie in gray matter E. *Axons constitute anterior radix 96. Special structural feature of spinal cord arachnoidea: A. Dense connective tissue with a lot of blood vessels B. A lot of elastic fibers C. Subdural space D. A lot of reticular fibers E. *Loose connective tissue with a lot of blood vessels 97. Spinal channel is filled with liquor (cerebrospinal fluid). What is the main function of this fluid? A. Mechanical B. Nutritive C. Limiting D. Transport E. *Amortization of central nervous system 98. Spinal cord anterior root is damaged. Which structures will promote its regeneration? A. Schwann cells B. Axons of pseudounipolar cells of dorsalroot ganglion C. Neurons of nucleus toracicus D. Dendrites of sensory cells E. *Axons of motor neurons 99. Spinal cord dorsal root is damaged. Which structures will promote its regeneration? A. Schwann cells B. Neurons of nucleus toracicus C. Axons of motor neurons D. Dendrites of sensory cells E. *Axons of pseudounipolar cells of dorsalroot ganglion 100. Main function of spinal cord funicular cells: A. Nerve impulses passage from spinal cord to organs B. Connection of right and left portion of the spinal cord C. Nerve impulses passage to the meningea D. Connection of anterior and posterior horns E. *Connection of brain and spinal cord 101. Spinal cord inner cells function A. Nerve impulses passage from spinal cord to organs B. Nerve impulses passage to the brain C. Nerve impulses passage to the meningea D. Connection of anterior and posterior radices E. *Interaction of nerve cells in gray matter 102. Spinal cord radicular cells function A. Nerve impulses passage to brain B. Connection of right and left portion of the spinal cord C. Nerve impulses passage to the meningea D. Connection of anterior and posterior horns E. *Nerve impulses passage from spinal cord to organs 103. There are 3 types of glial cells. Which ones produce the myelin? A. Dark B. Astrocytes C. Light D. Ependymal cells E. *Schwann cells 104. What does anterior nucleus of the spinal cord consist of? A. Sensory neurons B. Associative cells C. Glial cells D. Autonomic cells E. *Motor neurons 105. What does arachnoidea of brain consist of? A. Dense connective tissue B. A lot of elastic fibers 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. C. Subdural space D. A lot of reticular fibers sue E. Loose connective tis What does dura mater of brain consist of? A. A lot of elastic fibers B. Loose connective tissue C. Subdural space D. A lot of reticular fibers E. *Dense connective tissue What does endoneurium surround? A. Nerve fiber B. Peripheral nerve C. Blood vessel of nerve D. Lymphatics of nerve E. *Bandle of nerve fibers Which structure is surrounded with epineurium? A. Nerve fiber B. Bandle of nerve fibers C. Blood vessel of nerve D. Lymphatics of nerve E. *Peripheral nerve What does intermediate nucleus of the spinal cord consist of? A. Motor neurons B. Sensory neurons C. Glial cells D. Fibrocytes E. *Associative multipolar cells What does perineurium of nerve consist of? A. Loose connective tissue B. Separate collagen and elastic fibers C. Few types of fibrocytes and collagen fibers D. Reticular tissue E. *Dense connective tissue Which structure is surrounded with perineurium? A. Nerve fiber B. Peripheral nerve C. Blood vessel of nerve D. Lymphatics of nerve E. *Groop of bandles of nerve fibers What does pia mater of brain consist of? A. Dense connective tissue B. A lot of elastic fibers C. Subdural space D. A lot of reticular fibers E. *Loose connective tissue What does nucleus of spinal cord posterior hornconsist of? A. Motor neurons B. Sensory neurons C. Autonomic cells D. Glial cells E. *Associative cells 114. What does dorsal root of spinal cord mainly consist of? A. Motoneurons axons B. Motoneurons dendrites C. Sensory neurons dendrites D. Associative cells dendrites E. *Sensory neurons axons 115. What does the ventral root of spinal cord mainly consist of? A. Motoneurons dendrites B. Sensory neurons axons C. Sensory neurons dendrites D. Associative cells dendrites E. *Motoneurons axons 116. What is myelin function in nerve system? A. Electroisolation B. * Protective function C. Makes nerve cells processes stronger D. Cytoskeleton E. *Nerve impulses conduction 117. What is predominant type of nerve cells in dorsal root ganglia? A. Tripolar B. Unipolar C. Bipolar D. Multipolar E. *Pseudounipolar 118. What is the embryonic source of spinal cord development? A. Nervous plate B. Ganglionic plate C. Nervous crest D. Nephrotom E. *Nerve tube 119. What is the functional type of the compound somatic reflex arc second neuron? A. Motor B. Sensory C. Activating D. Inhibiting E. *Associative 120. What is the functional type of the somatic reflex arc first neuron? A. Motor B. Associative C. Activating D. Inhibiting E. *Sensory 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. What is the functional type of the somatic reflex arc second neuron? A. Associative B. Sensory C. Activating D. Inhibiting E. *Motor What is the innermost meningea of the spinal cord? A. Dura mater B. Arachnoidea C. Serosa D. Ependyma E. *Pia mater In human body what is the location of the dorsal root ganglion? A. In the skin B. In the spinal nerve C. In the ventral root of spinal cord D. In the wall of organs E. *In the dorsal root of spinal cord What is the middle meningea of the spinal cord? A. Dura mater B. Pia mater C. Serosa D. Ependyma E. *Arachnoidea What is the outermost meningea of the spinal cord? A. Pia mater B. Arachnoidea C. Serosa D. Ependyma E. *Dura mater What is the outermost tunic of peripheral nerve? A. Endoneurium B. Perineurium C. Periosteum D. Perichondrium E. *Epineuriun What is the structural type of the somatic reflex arc first neuron? A. Unipolar B. Bipolar C. Multipolar D. Stellate E. *Pseudounipolar What is the structural type of the somatic reflex arc second neuron? A. Unipolar B. Bipolar C. Pseudounipolar D. Stellate E. *Multipolar 129. Which abnormal components could be revealed in the cerebrospinal fluid in the case of cerebrospinal trauma with damage of blood vessels? A. A lot of lymphocytes B. Mineral salts C. Ependymal cells D. Reticular cells E. *Blood formed elements 130. Which cells are affected, as a result of spinal cord damage, when functions of sceletal muscles of trunk are violated? A. Pseudounipolar neurocytes of spinal node B. Multypolar neurons of n. Intermediolateralis. C. Motoneurons of lateral nucleus of anterior horns of spinal cord. D. Unipolar neurocytes of spinal node E. *Medial nucleus motoneurons of anterior horns of spinal cord. 131. Which cells are myelin producers in peripheral nerve system? A. Microglial cells B. Ependymal cells C. Protoplasmic astrocytes D. Fibrous astrocytes E. *Oligodendrocytes 132. Which cells does nucleus intermediolateralis of spinal cord mainly consist of? A. Funicular B. Inner C. Motor D. Sensory E. *Radicular 133. Which cells does nucleus intermediomedialis of spinal cord mainly consist of? A. Funicular B. Radicular C. Motor D. Sensory E. *Inner 134. Which cells does nucleus of spinal cord anterior horn mainly consist of? A. Funicular B. Inner C. Motor D. Sensory E. *Radicular 135. Which cells does nucleus proprius of spinal cord mainly consist of? A. Radicular B. Motor C. Sensory D. Inner E. *Funicular 136. Which cells does nucleus thoracicus (Clark) of spinal cord mainly consist of? A. Inner B. Radicular C. Motor D. Sensory E. *Funicular 137. Which cells surround the pseudounipolar cells of dorsalroot ganglia? A. Astrocytes B. Shwann cells C. Ependimal cells D. Fibrocytes E. *Mantial cells 138. Which nerves are largest in the human body? A. Nerves of hands B. Cranial nerves C. Autonomic nerves D. Nerves of inner organs E. *Nerves of feet 139. Which nerves conduct the impulses from central nervous system to the effector cells? A. Sensory B. Associative C. Ascendent D. Connective E. Motor 140. Which nuclei are placed in the anterior horn of the spinal cord? A. Sensory B. Nucleus thoracicus C. Clark nucleus D. Autonomic E. *Motor 141. Which nuclei are located in the intermediate horn of the spinal cord? A. Sensory B. Motor C. Nucleus thoracicus D. Associative E. *Nuclei intermediolateralis and intermediomedialis 142. Which nuclei are located in the posterior horn of the spinal cord? A. Motor B. Sensory C. Somatic D. Autonomic E. *Nucleus thoracicus and Clark nucleus 143. Which nuclei are located in the posterior horn of the spinal cord? A. Motor B. Sensory 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. C. Intermediate D. Autonomic E. *Nucleus thoracicus (Clark), nucleus proprius Which space lie between arachnoid and pia mater? A. Epidural B. Subdural C. No space D. Comissural E. *Subarachnoid Which space lie between dura mater and arachnoid? A. Epidural B. Subarachnoid C. No space D. Comissural E. *Subdural Which space lie between dura mater and periosteum? A. Subdural B. Subarachnoid C. No space D. Comissural E. *Epidural Which structures originate from cells of ganglionic plate? A. Spinal cord gray matter B. Spinal cord white matter C. Cerebellum D. Autonomic ganglia E. *Dorsal root ganglia Which special tunic covers peripheral nerve outside? A. Perineurium B. Myelin C. Endoneurium D. Epithelium E. *Epineurium Neurons of which shape predominate in the spinal cord? A. Corn-cells B. Horizontal C. Basket D. Golgi E. *Stellate Why does the spinal cord white matter is of white colour? A. There no nerve cells B. There are a lot of fibers C. Fibers are arranged in bundles D. There are a lot of glial cells E. *Because of myelin, which is rich with lipids Structral components of the central nervous system A. Spinal cord and cerebellum 152. 153. 154. 155. 156. 157. 158. 159. B. Nerve fiber and brain C. Nerve ganglion and brain D. Nerve plexus and spinal cord E. *Brain and spinal cord The third layer of large hemispheres: A. Outer granular layer B. Inner granular layer C. Ganglionic layer D. Multiform cells layer E. *Pyramidal layer The fourth layer of large hemispheres: A. Outer granular layer B. Pyramidal layer C. Ganglionic layer D. Multiform cells layer E. *Inner granular layer The fifth layer of large hemispheres: A. Outer granular layer B. Pyramidal layer C. Inner granular layer D. Multiform cells layer E. *Ganglionic layer The six layer of large hemispheres: A. Outer granular layer B. Pyramidal layer C. Inner granular layer D. Ganglionic layer E. Multiform cells layer Location of Betz cell in brain cortex: A. Outer granular layer B. Pyramidal layer C. Inner granular layer D. Multiform cells layer E. *Ganglionic layer Shape of Betz cells? A. Horizontal B. Stellate C. Corn cells D. Irregular E. Pyramidal Which types of fibers are there in the brain? A. Projective inner B. Associative complex C. Outer projective D. Connective E. *Commissural, projective, associative How many layers are there in the cerebellar cortex? 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. A. 2 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 E. *3 Outermost layer of cerebellar cortex. A. Outer granular layer B. Inner granular layer C. Ganglionic layer D. Multiform cells layer E. *Molecular layer Middle layer of cerebellar cortex. A. Molecular layer B. Outer granular layer C. Inner granular layer D. Multiform cells layer E. *Ganglionic layer Certify organ of the central nerve system: A. Dorsal root ganglion B. Nerve C. Nerve ganglion D. Nerve plexus E. *Brain Innermost layer of cerebellar cortex: A. Molecular layer B. Pyramidal layer C. Ganglionic layer D. Multiform cells layer E. *Granular layer What are main cells in ganglionic layer of cerebellum: A. Betz cells B. Basket cells and stellate cells C. Golgi cells D. Corn cells E. *Purkinje cells Location of the Purkinje cells in cerebellar cortex: A. Molecular layer B. Granular layer C. Multiform layer D. Pyramidal E. *Ganglionic layer Shape of the Purkinje cells? A. Stellate B. Pyramidal C. Horizontal D. Multiform E. *Oval 167. 168. 169. 170. 171. 172. 173. 174. How many meningeas does brain have? A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 5 E. *3 Most typical cells of cerebellar cortex. A. Stellate B. Pyramidal C. Spindlelike D. Horizontal E. *Pear-like Efferent neurons of cerebellar cortex A. Basket B. Large stellate C. Corn-cells D. Golgi cells E. *Pear-like (Purkinje cells). How many neurons are there in simple autonomic reflex arc? A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 5 E. *3 Simple somatic reflex arc has: A. 7 neurons B. 5 neurons C. 3 neurons D. 4 neurons E. *2 neurons Structural type of first neuron of autonomic reflex arc: A. Unipolar B. Bipolar C. Multipolar D. Basket cell E. *Pseudounipolar Which organ belongs to the central nerve system? A. Dorsal root ganglion B. Nerve C. Nerve ganglion D. Nerve plexus E. *Spinal cord Functional type of second (last) neuron of simple somatic reflex arc? A. Associative B. Sensory C. Activating D. Inhibiting E. *Motor 175. Functional unit of the nervous system activity: A. Neuron B. Gliocyte C. Astrocyte D. Module E. *Reflex arc 176. Morphofunctional unite of the brain cortex? A. Neuron B. Gliocyte C. Reflex arc D. Astrocyte E. *Module 177. Shape of brain module: A. Round B. Pyramidal C. Triangular D. Rectangular E. *Cylindrical 178. How many distinct layers of cells are there in large hemispheres? A. 7. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3. E. *6. 179. The first layer of large hemisphere: A. Outer granular layer. B. Pyramidal layer. C. Inner granular layer. D. Ganglionic layer. E. *Molecular layer. 180. The second layer of large hemispheres: A. Molecular layer. B. Pyramidal layer. C. Inner granular layer. D. Multiform cells layer. E. *Outer granular layer. 181. Central portion of autonomic nervous system in the spinal cord is localized . A. Medial intermediate nucleus of lateral horns. B. Dorsal nucleus of posterior horns. C. Nucleus proprius of posterior horns. D. Nuclei of anterior horns. E. *Lateral intermediate nucleus of lateral horns. 182. Processes of which neurons are forming n. vagus? A. Axons of central sympathetic neurons. B. * Dendrites of central parasympathetic neurons. C. Dendrites of central sympathetic neurons. D. Axons and dendrites of peripheral parasympathetic neurons. E. *Axons of central parasympathetic neurons. 183. Which cerebellar cells are damaged first of all in alcochol intoxication A. Basket. B. Betz cells. C. Stellate. D. Granular cells. E. *Pear- like shaped. 184. Discoordination of movement and equilibrium depends on next cerebellar cells disfunctions: A. Basket cells. B. Betz cells. C. Stellate cells. D. Corn cells. E. *Purkinje cells. 185. Basket cell function in the cerebellar cortex: A. A. Motor. B. Sensory. C. Secretory. D. Excitatory. E. *Inhibiting. 186. Betz cell location in brain cortex: A. Outer granular layer. B. Inner granular layer. C. Multiform cells layer. D. Pyramidal layer. E. *Ganglionic layer. 187. What is main function of cerebrospinal fluid? A. Nutritive. B. Limiting. C. Transport. D. Mechanical support. E. *Amortization of central nervous system. 188. Brain ventricles walls are covered by: A. Loose connective tissue. B. Dense connective tissue. C. Reticular tissue. D. Epithelial tissue. E. *Ependymal layer. 189. Caudal portion of nervous tube gives rise for: A. Sense organs. B. Brain. C. Dorsal root ganglia. D. Autonomic ganglia. E. *Spinal cord. 190. Chief cells of ganglionic layer of cerebellum: A. Betz cells. B. Basket cells and stellate cells. C. Golgi cells. D. Corn cells. E. *Purkinje cells. 191. Which organs belong to central nervous system? A. Spinal cord and cerebellum. B. Nerve fibers and brain. C. Nerve ganglia and brain. D. Nerve plexuses and spinal cord. E. *Brain and spinal cord. 192. Corn cells function in the cerebellar cortex: A. Motor. B. Sensory. C. Secretory. D. Inhibiting. E. *Excitatory. 193. Cranial portion of nervous tube gives rise for: A. Spinal cord. B. Sense organs. C. Dorsal root ganglia. D. Autonomic ganglia. E. *Brain. 194. Dicrease of heart activity and blood pressure, bronchial constriction and increase of intestine peristalsis are due to activity of: A. Metasympathetic part of nervous system. B. Peripheral part of nervous system. C. Sympatathetic part of nervous system. D. There is no correct answer. E. *Parasympathetic part of nervous system. 195. Excitatory cells of cerebellar cortex: A. Large stellate cells. B. Basket cells. C. Golgi cells. D. Small stellate cells. E. *Corn cells. 196. In histological specimen how many layers are seen in the cerebellar cortex? A. 2. B. 7. C. 5. D. 8. E. *3. 197. In histological specimen how many layers are seen in the large brain cortex? A. 8. B. 4. C. 3. D. 2. E. *6. 198. How many meningeas does brain have? A. 1. B. 2. C. 7. D. 4 . E. *3. 199. Simple autonomic reflex arc consists of: A. 1 neuron. B. 2 neurons. C. 8 neurons. D. 4 neurons. E. *3 neurons. 200. Simple somatic reflex arc consists of: A. 7 neurons. B. 2 neurons. C. 3 neurons. D. 4 neurons. E. *2 neurons. 201. In histologic specimen pear-look cells have 2-3 dendrites. Which organ is this? A. Spiral organ of Corty. B. Retina. C. Large hemispheras. D. Dorsalroot ganglion. E. *Cerebellar cortex. 202. Organ of central nervous system has pear-look cells with 2-3 dendrites. Which organ is under research? A. Spiral organ of the inner ear. B. Spinal cord. C. Cerebral cortex. D. Spinal node. E. *Cerebellar cortex. 203. Gray matter of cerebellum contains a lot of small neurocytes. What are these cells? A. Pears- like Purkinje cells. B. Basket cells. C. Small stellate. D. Large stellate. E. *Granular cells. 204. In specimen of cerebellar cortex large cells lie in one row and their dendrites are going in one direction. Certify these cells. A. Basket cells. B. Small stellate. C. Large stellate. D. Granular cells. E. *Pears- like Purkinje cells. 205. Neurocytes in specimen have pyramidal shape. Dendrites arise from the top and back sides of cells, axons - fom the bases. What organ is this ? A. Cerebellum. B. Spiral organ of the inner ear. C. Retina. D. Spinal node. E. *Large hemispheres. 206. In the brain cortex nerve cells are arranged in: A. In groups. B. In follicles. C. In lobules. D. In nuclei. E. *6 layers. 207. In the histological specimen of brain hemisphere light layer poor in cellular elements lies on the surface Certify this layer. A. Multiform. B. Ganglionic. C. Granular. D. Pyramidal. E. *Molecular. 208. Specify efferent neurons of cerebellar cortex A. Basket cells. B. Large stellate cells. C. Corn-cells. D. Golgi cells. E. *Pear-like (Purkinje cells). 209. Specify the most typical cells of cerebellar cortex. A. Stellate. B. Pyramidal. C. Spindlelike. D. Horizontal. E. *Pear-like. 210. Inner layer of cerebellar cortex is: A. Molecular layer. B. Pyramidal layer. C. Ganglionic layer. D. Multiform cells laye. E. *Granular layer. 211. Large pyramidal cells are seen in the specimen of large hemispheres. Who had described them at first? A. Lenoshek. B. Golgi. C. Nissl. D. Kajal. E. *Betz. 212. Location of largest pyramidal cells in brain cortex: A. Outer granular layer. B. Pyramidal layer. C. Inner granular layer. D. Multiform cells layer. E. *Ganglionic layer. 213. Location of middle-sized pyramidal cells in brain cortex: A. Outer granular layer. B. Inner granular layer. C. Ganglionic layer. D. Multiform cells layer. E. *Pyramidal layer. 214. Location of nerve cells perikaryons in central nervous system: A. In white matter. B. In nerves. C. In skin. D. In fibers. E. *In gray matter. 215. Location of small pyramidal cells in brain cortex: A. Pyramidal layer. B. Inner granular layer. C. Ganglionic layer. D. Multiform cells layer. E. *Outer granular layer. 216. Microscopic research of CNS revealed gray matter, which consists of six layers of neurons. Specify the neurons of fifth layer. A. Pears- like Purkinje cell B. Merkel Cells. C. Basket cells. D. Granular cells. E. *Betz cells. 217. Microscopic research of the CNS gray matter showes neurons, which form three layers: molecular, ganglionic and granular. Specify neurons of second layer. A. Basket cells. B. Small stellate. C. Large stellate. D. Granular cells. E. *Pears- like Purkinje cell. 218. Certify outer layer of cerebellar cortex. A. Outer granular layer. B. Inner granular layer. C. Ganglionic layer. D. Multiform cells layer. E. *Molecular layer. 219. Certify second layer of cerebellar cortex. A. Molecular layer. B. Outer granular layer. C. Inner granular layer. D. Multiform cells layer. E. *Ganglionic layer. 220. Certify the afferent pathways of cerebellum A. Stellate cells axons. B. Purkinje cells axons. C. Basket cells axons. D. Cereal cells axons. E. *Moss like fibers. 221. Certify the afferent pathways of cerebellum A. Stellate cells axons. B. Purkinje cells axons. C. Basket cells axons. D. Cereal cells axons. E. *Climbing fibers. 222. Certify the function of cerebellum A. Sensory and motor. B. Secretory and excretory. C. Muscles tone and motor. D. Coordination of movement and sensory. E. *Coordination of movement. 223. Certify the function of cerebellum. A. Sensory and motor. B. Secretory and excretory. C. Muscles tone and motor. D. Coordination of movement and sensory. E. *Equilibrium. 224. Certify the function of cerebellum A. Sensory and motor B. Secretory and excretory C. Muscles tone and motor D. Coordination of movement and sensory E. *Muscles tone control. 225. Certify the organ of nervous system, which consists of two hemispheres, is covered with a gray matter and proves organism interaction with environment? A. Reticular formation. B. Spinal node. C. Retina. D. Cerebellum. E. *Large hemispheres. 226. Certify the organ of the nervous system, which consists of two hemispheres, covered with gray matter, and which provides coordination of body movements and maintains muscle tone? A. Reticular formation. B. Spinal node. C. Large hemispheres. D. Retina. E. *Cerebellum. 227. Certify the principal layer of cerebellar cortex. A. Molecular layer. B. Outer granular layer. C. Inner granular layer. D. Multiform cells layer. E. *Ganglionic layer. 228. Certify the term of nerve cells regular location in the cortex of large hemispheres: A. Myeloarchitectonic. B. Nerve plates. C. Axons and dendrite fibers. D. Associative and commissural fibers. E. *Cytoarchitectonic. 229. Certify the term of nerve fibers regular location in the cortex of large hemispheres: A. Cytoarchitectonic. B. Nerve plate. C. Axons and dendrite fibers. D. Associative and comisural fibers. E. *Myeloarchitectonic. 230. Nerve cells of which type predominate in brain cortex? A. Unipolar. B. Bipolar. C. Pseudounipolar. D. Tripolar. E. *Multipolar. 231. Nerve impulses from cerebellar cortex are passed by: A. Basket cells axons. B. Climbing fibers. C. Mosslike fibers. D. Golgi cells. E. *Axons of Purkinje cell. 232. Efferent pathways of cerebellum A. Stellate cells axons. B. Basket cells axons. C. Cereal cells axons. D. Moss like fibers. E. *Purkinje cells axons. 233. Nervous ganglion is stained with silver impregnation, it has a lot of multipolar nerve cells. What is this ganglion? A. Dorsalroot ganglion. B. Mixed ganglion. C. Sensory ganglion. D. Associative ganglion. E. *Autonomic ganglion. 234. Nervus vagus is damaged as a result of trauma. Functions of which autonomic ganglia are violated? A. Parasympathetic. B. Metasympathetic. C. Peripheral part. D. There is no correct answer. E. *Sympatathetic. 235. Organ consists of white and gray matter. Gray matter lies peripherally. Nerve cells are arranged in 6 layers. Certify this organ. A. Spinal cord. B. Cerebellum. C. Pons. D. Medulla oblongata. E. *Large hemispheres. 236. Cells of III and V layers of brain hemispheres are. Disfunction of which effector tissue this result in? A. Epithelial tissue. B. Connective tissue. C. Smooth muscle tissue. D. Nerve tissue. E. *Skeletal muscle tissue. 237. Activity of which part of autonomic nervous system increases heartbeat and blood pressure? A. Parasympathetic part. B. Metasympathetic part. C. Peripheral part. D. There is no correct answer. E. *Sympatathetic part. 238. Patient with a tumor of the cerebellum has a violation of coordination. Which structure is damaged? A. Small stellate cells. B. Large stellate cells. C. Basket cells. D. Granular cells E. *Purkinje cells. 239. Which cells of cerebellar cortex are connected with cells of molecular and granular layers? A. Basket cells. B. Small stellate. C. Large stellate. D. Granular cells. E. *Pears- like Purkinje cells. 240. Slide of large hemispheres is stained with silver impregnation. How many layers are there? A. 7. B. 5. C. 3. D. 8. E. *6. 241. Specimen is stained with silver impregnation, there are pyramidal cells in it. Certify the slide, which is under research. A. Cerebellar cortex. B. Spiral organ of Corty. C. Retina. D. Dorsalroot ganglion. E. *Large hemispheres cortex. 242. Large stellate cells function in the cerebellar cortex: A. Motor. B. Sensory. C. Secretory. D. Excitatory. E. *Inhibiting. 243. Small stellate cells function in the cerebellar cortex: A. Motor. B. Sensory. C. Secretory. D. Excitatory. E. *Inhibiting. 244. Basket cells function in the cerebellar cortex: A. Motor. B. Sensory. C. Secretory. D. Excitatory. E. *Inhibiting. 245. Horizontal cells function in the cerebellar cortex: A. Motor. B. Sensory. C. Secretory. D. Excitatory. E. *Inhibiting. 246. Type 1 Golgi cells function in the cerebellar cortex: A. Motor. B. Sensory. C. Secretory. D. Excitatory. E. *Inhibiting. 247. Type 2 Golgi cells function in the cerebellar cortex: A. Motor. B. Sensory. C. Secretory. D. Excitatory. E. *Inhibiting. 248. Subarachnoid space is lined with: 249. 250. 251. 252. 253. 254. 255. A. Loose connective tissue. B. Dense connective tissue. C. Ependymal layer. D. Reticular tissue. E. *Epithelial tissue. Subdural space is lined with: A. Loose connective tissue. B. Dense connective tissue. C. Ependymal layer. D. Reticular tissue. E. *Epithelial tissue. The fifth layer of large brain cortex is: A. Outer granular layer. B. Pyramidal layer. C. Inner granular layer. D. Multiform cells layer. E. *Ganglionic layer. The six layer of large brain cortex is: A. Outer granular layer. B. Pyramidal layer. C. Inner granular layer. D. Ganglionic layer. E. *Multiform cells layer. The first layer of large brain cortex is: A. Outer granular layer. B. Pyramidal layer. C. Inner granular layer. D. Ganglionic layer. E. *Molecular layer. The second layer of large brain cortex is: A. Molecular layer. B. Pyramidal layer. C. Inner granular layer. D. Multiform cells layer. E. *Outer granular layer. The third layer of large brain cortex is: A. Outer granular layer. B. Inner granular layer. C. Ganglionic layer. D. Multiform cells layer. E. *Pyramidal layer. The fourth layer of large brain cortex is: A. Outer granular layer. B. Pyramidal layer. C. Ganglionic layer. D. Multiform cells layer. E. *Inner granular layer. 256. The organ has white and gray matter peripherally. Nerve cells are arranged in 3 layers. Certify this organ. A. Spinal cord. B. Pons. C. Large hemisperes. D. Medulla oblongata. E. *Cerebellum. 257. The specific function of these organs does not depend on the autonomic nervous system: A. Intestine. B. Heart. C. Urinary bladder. D. Salivary glands. E. *Skeletal muscle. 258. Which efferent fibers of cerebellum do you know? A. Moss like fibers. B. Climbing fibers. C. Basket cells axons. D. Corn cells axons. E. *Purkinje cells axons. 259. What does agranular cortex mean? A. Cortex with well developed molecular layer. B. Cortex with well developed granular layers. C. Cortex in embryogenesis. D. Cortex with 4 layers. E. *Cortex with poorly developed granular layers. 260. What does granular cortex mean? A. Cortex with well developed molecular layer. B. Cortex with well developed granular layers. C. Cortex in embryogenesis. D. Cortex with 4 layers. E. *Cortex with well developed granular layers. 261. What does granular cortex mean? A. Cortex with well developed molecular layeer. B. Cortex with well developed granular layers. C. Cortex in embryogenesis. D. Cortex with 4 layers. E. *Motor cortex. 262. What does agranular cortex mean? A. Cortex with well developed molecular layer. B. Cortex with well developed granular layers. C. Cortex in embryogenesis. D. Cortex with 4 layers. E. *Sensory cortex. 263. Which tissue does aracnoidea of the brain mainly consist of? A. Dense connective tissue. B. A lot of elastic fibers. 264. 265. 266. 267. 268. 269. 270. 271. C. Subdural space. D. A lot of reticular fibers. E. *Loose connective tissue. What does axon of cerebellar basket cell form? A. Moss like fibers. B. Climbing fibers. C. Efferent ways. D. Projective fibers. E. *Basket around Purkinje cell body. Which tissue does dura mater of the brain consist of? A. A lot of elastic fibers. B. Loose connective tissue. C. Subdural space. D. A lot of reticular fibers. E. *Dense connective tissue. Granular type of brain cortex has: A. Well developed molecular layer. B. Well developed pyramidal layer. C. Well developed multiform cells layer. D. Poorly developed granular layers. E. *Well developed granular layers. What does gray matter of brain include? A. Nerve fibers. B. Gliocytes. C. Modules. D. Processes of nerve cells. E. *Cortex and subcortical nuclei. Arrangement of cells in gray matter of brain: A. Nerve fibers. B. Gliocytes. C. Modules. D. Processes of nerve cells. E. *Cortex and subcortical nuclei. What does gray matter of nervous system mainly consist of? A. Gliocytes. B. Modules. C. Axons. D. Dendrites. E. *Nerve cells perikaryons. Which tissue pia mater of the brain consist of? A. Dense connective tissue. B. A lot of elastic fibers. C. Subdural space. D. A lot of reticular fibers. E. *Loose connective tissue. Which structures does white matter of nervous system mainly consist of? A. Nerve cells perikaryons. 272. 273. 274. 275. 276. 277. 278. 279. B. Gliocytes. C. Modules. D. Reflex arcs. E. *Processes of nerve cells. What is cytoarchitectonic of brain? A. Location of nerve fibers. B. Location of the glial cells. C. D. Location of the reflex arc. D. Brain structure. E. *Regular location of nerve cells in the brain cortex What is myelin function in the central nerve system? A. Electroisolation. B. Protective function. C. Makes nerve cells processes stronger. D. Cytoskeleton. E. *Transmission of nerve impulses. What is myeloarchitectonic? A. Location of nerve cells in the brain cortex. B. Location of the glial cells. C. Location of the reflex arc. D. Brain structure. E. *Regular location of nerve fibers in the brain cortex. What is the location of large stellate cells in cerebellar cortex? A. Ganglionic layer. B. Granular layer. C. Multiform layer. D. Pyramidal. E. *Molecular layer. What is the location of parasympathetic centers? A. In brain cortex. B. In cerebellum. C. Nuclei intermediolateralis T1-L2. D. 1,2 cranial nerves nuclei. E. *Nuclei intermediolateralis L3-S2. What is the location of parasympathetic centers? A. In brain cortex. B. In cerebellum. C. Nuclei intermediolateralis T1-L2. D. Nuclei intermediomedialis T1-L2. E. *3, 7, 9, 10 cranial nerves nuclei. What is the location of small stellate cells in cerebellar cortex? A. Ganglionic layer. B. Granular layer. C. Multiform layer. D. Pyramidal. E. *Molecular layer. What is the location of sympathetic centers? 280. 281. 282. 283. 284. 285. 286. A. In brain cortex. B. In cerebellum. C. 3, 7, 9, 10 cranial nerves nuclei. D. Nuclei intermediolateralis L3-S2. E. *Nuclei intermediolateralis T1-L2. What is the location of basket cells in cerebellar cortex? A. Ganglionic layer. B. Granular layer. C. Multiform layer. D. Pyramidal layer. E. *Molecular layer. What is the location of corn cells in cerebellar cortex? A. Molecular layer upper part. B. Ganglionic layer. C. Multiform layer. D. Molecular layer lower part. E. *Granular layer. What is the location of Golgi cells in cerebellar cortex? A. Molecular layer upper part. B. Ganglionic layer. C. Multiform layer. D. Molecular layer lower part. E. *Granular layer. What is the location of the Purkinje cells in cerebellar cortex? A. Molecular layer. B. Granular layer. C. Multiform layer. D. Pyramidal layer. E. *Ganglionic layer. What is the main peculiarity of the autonomic reflex arc? A. Sensory pseudounipolar cell. B. Multipolar associative neuron. C. Multipolar efferent neuron. D. Neurons location in the spinal cord. E. *Two neurons in the efferent part. What is the morphofunctional unite of the brain cortex? A. Neuron. B. Gliocyte. C. Reflex arc. D. Astrocyte. E. *Module. What is the most typical shape of nerve cells in the brain cortex? A. Horizontal. B. Basket-like. C. Corn cells. D. Irregular. E. *Pyramidal. 287. 288. 289. 290. 291. 292. 293. 294. ? What is the most typical shape of nerve cells in the cerebellum? A. Pyramidal. B. Stellate. C. Corn cells. D. Horizontal. E. *Pears- like Purkinje cells. What is the principal functional structure of the nervous system activity? A. Neuron. B. Gliocyte. C. Module. D. Astrocyte. E. *Reflex arc. What is special shape of Betz cells? A. Ovall. B. Stellate. C. Corn cells. D. Irregular. E. *Pyramidal. What is the shape of brain module? A. Round. B. Pyramidal. C. Triangular. D. Rectangular. E. *Cylindrical. What is the shape of the Purkinje cell body? A. Stellate. B. Pyramidal. C. Horizontal. D. Multiform. E. *Oval. What is embryonic source of central nervous system origin? A. Prehordal lamina. B. Dorsal mesoderm. C. Ganglionic plate. D. Placods. E. *Neural tube. What is structural type of first neuron of simple autonomic reflex arc? A. Unipolar. B. Bipolar. C. Multipolar. D. Basket cell-like E. *Pseudounipolar. What is functional type of second neuron of simple autonomic reflex arc A. Motor. B. Sensory. C. Activating. 295. arc? 296. 297. 298. 299. 300. 301. 302. D. Inhibiting. E. *Associative. What is the functional type of third neuron of simple autonomic reflex A. Associative. B. Sensory. C. Activating. D. Inhibiting. E. *Effector. What kind of fibers do you know in the brain? A. Projective, inner. B. Associative, complex. C. Outer projective. D. Connective. E. *Commissural, projective, associative. What kinds of neurons are located in the intramural ganglion? A. Purkinje cells. B. Bets cells. C. Bipolar cells. D. Unipolar cells. E. *3 types of Dogel cells. What does intramural ganglion consist of? A. Purkinje cells. B. Bets cells. C. Pyramidal cells. D. Unipolar cells. E. *3 types of Dogel cells. Where does axon of Betz cell arise from? A. From apical part. B. From the left side. C. From the right side. D. From dendrite. E. *From the basic part of cell. Which cells are myelin producers in the central nerve system? A. Microglial cells. B. Ependymal cells. C. Protoplasmic astrocytes. D. Fibrous astrocytes. E. *Oligodendrocytes. Myelin in central nerve system is produced by? A. Glial macrophages. B. Ependymal cells. C. Protoplasmic astrocytes. D. Fibrous astrocytes. E. *Oligodendrocytes. Which cells are present in molecular layer of cerebellar cortex? A. Betz cells. 303. 304. 305. 306. 307. 308. 309. 310. B. Purkinje cells. C. Golgi cells. D. Corn cells. E. *Basket cells and stellate cells. Which cells axons produce the pyramidal way? A. Spindle-like cells. B. Granular cells. C. Stellate cells. D. Horizontal cells. E. *Pyramidal cells of Betz. Which cells form the efferent fibers of cerebellum? A. Betz cells. B. Basket cells. C. Golgi cells. D. Corn cells. E. Purkinje cells. Which cells predominate in ganglionic layer of brain cortex? A. Horizontal. B. Small pyramidal. C. Corn cells. D. Large pyramidal. E. *Middle-sized pyramidal. Which cells predominate in pyramidal layer of brain cortex? A. Horizontal cells. B. Small pyramidal cells. C. Corn cells. D. Large pyramidal cells. E. *Middle-sized pyramidal. Agranular cortex has next well prominent layers: A. 2, 4. B. 1, 2, 3. C. 2, 5. D. 4, 6. E. 3*, 5, 6. Granular cortex has next well prominent layers: A. 1, 2. B. 2, 3. C. 3, 4. D. 5, 6. E. *2, 4. Which organ belongs to central nerve system? A. Dorsal root ganglion.. B. Nerve. C. Nerve ganglion. D. Nerve plexus. E. *Brain. Which organ belongs to central nerve system? A. Dorsal root ganglion. B. Nerve. C. Nerve ganglion. D. Nerve plexus. E. *Spinal cord. 311. Which part of central nervous system has layers of neurocytes , including cells of the following forms: stellate, fusiform, horizontal, pyramidal? A. Cerebellum. B. Hypothalamus. C. Retina. D. Spinal node. E. *Large hemispheres. 312. Which structures are formed by Purkinje cells axons? A. Afferent ways. B. Cerebellar glomeruli. C. Mosslike fibers. D. Climbing fibers. E. *Efferent ways. 313. Which structures are interconnected by associative fibers? A. Subcortical nuclei. B. Brain and spinal cord. C. Two hemispheres. D. Cortex and lower portions of nervous system. E. *Cells of one hemisphere. 314. Which structures are interconnected by commissural fibers? A. Subcortical nuclei. B. Brain and spinal cord. C. Cortex and lower portions of nervous system. D. Cells of one hemisphere. E. *Two hemispheres. 315. Which structures are interconnected by the projective fibers? A. Subcortical nuclei. B. Brain and spinal cord. C. Two hemispheres. D. Cells of one hemisphere. E. *Cortex and lower portions of nervous system. 316. 317. 318. 319. 320. 321. 322. 323. Auditary ossicles consist of: A. Epithelium. B. Muscular tissue. C. Compact bony tissue D. Dense connective tissue E. *Fibrous bony tissue External layer of choroid of eye: A. Choriocapillary. B. Bruch’s membrane. C. Basement membrane. D. Epithelial. E. *Suprachoroid. Hair cells of organ of Corti are mainly responsible for: A. Circular acceleration detection B. Linear acceleration detection C. Direction of gravity detection D. Static position detection E. *Sound detection Middle layer of tympanic membrane is: A. Stratified nonkeratinized epithelium B. Stratified keratinized epithelium C. Basement membrane D. Simple cuboidal epithelium E. *Fibrocollagenous tissue Inner hair cells of organ of Corti are supported by: A. Outer phalangeal cells B. Outer supporting cells C. Outer boarder cells D. Pillar cells E. *Inner phalangeal cells Inner tunnel of organ of Corti is made by: A. Outer phalangeal cells B. Inner phalangeal cells C. Outer supporting cells D. Outer boarder cells E. *Pillar cells Iris is derivative of: A. Conjunctiva B. Tunica fibrosa C. Retina D. Cornea E. *Choroid (uvea) Location of amacrine cells in retina: A. Layer of nerve fibers B. Outer nuclear layer C. Inner plexiform layer D. Ganglion cells layer 324. 325. 326. 327. 328. 329. 330. 331. E. *Inner nuclear layer Location of horizontal cells in retina: A. Layer of nerve fibers B. Outer nuclear layer C. Inner plexiform layer D. Ganglion cells layer E. *Inner nuclear layer Inner ear macula of saccule is mainly responsible for: A. Circular acceleration detection. B. Linear acceleration detection. C. Direction of gravity detection. D. Sound detection. E. *Static position detection. Main function of cornea: A. Protective. B. Accommodative. C. Visual. D. Sensory. E. *Dioptric. Outer hair cells of organ of Corti are supported by: A. Inner phalangeal cells. B. Outer supporting cells. C. Outer boarder cells. D. Pillar cells. E. *Outer phalangeal cell. Second layer of choroid of eye: A. Stromal layer. B. Bruch’s membrane. C. Basement membrane. D. Epithelial. E. *Vascular layer. Third layer of choroid of eye: A. Stromal layer. B. Basement membrane. C. Epithelial. D. Bruch’s membrane. E. *Choriocapillary. What does complex of Bruch of eye choroid consist of? A. Flat pigmental cells. B. Dendrites of sensory cells, axons of sensory cells. C. Nerve cells bodies. D. Zone of glial cells adherent junctions. E. 2 basement membranes, 2 layers of collagen fibers and layer of elastic fibers. What does pigmental layer of retina consist of? A. Dendrites of sensory cells. B. Nerve cells bodies. C. Optic nerve fibers. D. Zone of glial cells adherent junctions. E. *Flat pigmental cells. 332. What does transparency of cornea mainly depend on? A. Presence of epithelium. B. Presence of Bowman’s membrane. C. Absence of vessels. D. Special shape of fibers. E. *Chemical composition of proper substance 333. What is the type of ceruminous glands? A. Modified lacrimal glands. B. Modified sweat gland. C. Serous glands. D. Mucous glands. E. *Modified sebaceous glands. 334. Which special structure lines anterior surface of eye? A. Bowman’s membrane. B. Descemet’s membrane. C. Basement membrane. D. Connective tissue. E. *Conjunctiva. 335. Which structure covers ampullary crests of inner ear? A. Basilar membrane. B. Stria vascularis. C. Vestibular membrane. D. Tectorial membrane. E. *Otolithic membrane. 336. Which structure lies over hair cells of organ of Corti? A. Basilar membrane. B. Stria vascularis. C. Vestibular membran. D. Otolithic membrane. E. *Tectorial membrane. 337. Which type of sense organs does taste organ belong to? A. Primary sensory. B. Tertiary sensory. C. Propriosensory. D. Receptors. E. Secondary sensory. 338. Violation of which structures of cochlear organ disorders of high frequency sounds detection are due to? A. Middle ear muscles. B. Eustachian tube. C. Basillar membrane of cochlear duct near helikotreme. D. Tympanic membrane. E. *Basillar membrane of cochlear duct near oval window. 339. Ampullary crests of inner ear are mainly responsible for: A. Inear acceleration detection. B. Direction of gravity detection. C. Static position detection. D. Sound detection. E. *Circular acceleration detection. 340. Which structures of audiovestibular organ are probably dameged in the case of disorders of angular (circular) acceleration detection? A. Otolith receptor cells. B. Vestibulocohlear nerve fibers. C. Lateral vestibular nuclei of Deyters. D. Tractus vestibulospinalis. E. *Receptor cells of semicircular ducts. 341. At night (in darkness) melanosomes in pigmental cells of retina are localized: A. In processes. B. In bodies and processes. C. Between cells. D. Out of cells. E. *In bodies. 342. Auricle mainly consists of: A. Skin. B. Hyaline cartilage. C. Fibrous cartilage. D. Bony tissue. E. *Elastic cartilage. 343. Choroid of eye consists of: A. Sclera and cornea. B. Sclera and retina. C. Cornea and retina. D. Blind and visual retina. E. *Iris, ciliary body and proper choroid. 344. Choroid of the eye mainly consists of: A. Nerve tissue B. Epithelial tissue C. Muscular tissue D. Chondroid tissue E. *Connective tissue 345. Function of which functional apparatus of eye is damaged most of all under mechanical trauma of ciliary body? A. Photosensory. B. Dioptric. C. Protective. D. Trophic. E. *Accomodative. 346. Colour vision of patient is broken. Disorders of which structures of the eye is it due to? A. Rod cells. B. Bipolar cell. C. Amacrine cells. D. Horizontal cells. E. *Cone cells. 347. What is the the most probable reason of blindness in retinal detachment? A. Damage of photoreceptor neuron. B. Damage of bipolar neuron. C. Damage of ganglionic neuron. D. Optic nerve damage. E. *Disorders of retina norishment. 348. Peripheral portion of cell have outer and inner segment. Outer segment has membranous semidiscs, inner one – ellipsoid. What is this organ? A. Taste organ. B. Smell organ. C. Vestibular organ. D. Cochlear (hearing). E. *Visual organ. 349. Eustachian tube conects the tympanic cavity with: A. Oral cavity B. Larynx. C. Farynx. D. Subarachnoid space. E. *Nasal cavity. 350. External ear includes: A. Tympanic membrane and ossicles. B. Eustachian tube. C. Tympanic cavity and ossicles. D. Bony and membranous labyrynth. E. *Auricle, external auditory tube, tympanic membrane. 351. External layer of cornea consists of next tissue: A. Simple squamous epithelium. B. Fibrous connective tissue. C. Loose connective tissue. D. Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium. E. *Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium 352. Outer surface of cornea is lined with: A. Simple squamous epithelium. B. Fibrous connective tissue. C. Mucous membrane. D. Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium. E. *Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium. 353. Functional groups of cells in organ of Corty: A. Upper and lower. B. Large and small. C. Outer and inner. D. Anterior and posterior. E. *Sensory and supporting. 354. Groups of cells in organ of Corty due to their location: A. Upper and lower. B. Large and small. C. Sensory and supporting. D. Anterior and posterior. E. *Outer and inner. 355. Which structural component of the eye has three layers of nerve cells (outer, inner and ganglionic layers)? A. Iris. B. Sclera. C. Uveal tract. D. Ciliary body. E. *Retina. 356. How many cone cells are there in retina? A. 1 million B. 2 millions C. 10 millions D. 120 millions E. *6 millions 357. How many layers are there in iris? A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 6. E. *5. 358. How many layers are there in retina? A. 3. B. 6. C. 8. D. 12. E. *10. 359. How many layers are there in the cornea? A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. E. *5. 360. How many layers of nerve cells bodies are there in retina ? A. 6. B. 8. C. 10. D. 12. E. *3. 361. How many rod cells are there in retina? A. 1 million. B. 2 millions. C. 6 millions. D. 10 millions. E. *120 million.s 362. Which tunic of eye has a lot of closely packed connective tissue lamellae. ? A. Sclera. B. Uveal tract. C. Retina. D. Iris. E. *Cornea. 363. Outer segment of retinal cell has membranous discs. What is this cell? A. Cone cell. B. Hair cell. C. Deyters cell. D. Ganglion cell. E. *Rod cell. 364. In histologic specimen beconcaved structure is connected with ciliary body by ciliary fibers. What is this structure? A. Ciliary body. B. Vitreus body. C. Cornea. D. Sclera. E. *Lens. 365. In histologic specimen of fetal eyeball it is seen damaged retina. Which embryonic germ layer probably was broken? A. Endoderm B. Mesoderm. C. Outer layer of eye glass. D. Inner layer of eye glass. E. Ectoderm. 366. Which cells are responsible for regeneration of stratified squamous epithelium of cornea? A. Cells of stratum spinosum. B. Fibroblasts. C. Fibrocytes. D. Lymphocytes. E. *Basal epitheliocytes. 367. In light melanosomes in pigmental cells of retina are localized: A. In bodies. B. In bodies and processes. C. Between cells. D. Out of cells. E. *In processes. 368. Inner ear includes: A. Tympanic membrane. B. Eustachian tube. C. Auricle, external auditory tube. D. Tympanic cavity and ossicles. E. *Bony and membranous labyrynth. 369. Inner surface of tympanic membrane of ear is covered by: A. Stratified squamous epithelium. B. Pseudostratified epithelium. C. Simple cuboidal epithelium. D. Simple columnar epithelium. E. *Simple squamous epithelium. 370. Innermost layer of choroid of eye: A. Stromal layer. B. Choriocapillary. C. Basement membrane. D. Epithelial. E. *Bruch’s membrane. 371. Innermost layer of cornea consists of next tissue: A. Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium. B. Fibrous connective tissue. C. Loose connective tissue. D. Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium. E. Simple squamous epithelium. 372. Limiting membranes of retina are derivatives of: A. Epithelial cells. B. Rod cells. C. Cone cells. D. Pigmental cells. E. *Gliocytes (Muller cells). 373. Longterm antibiotic treatment with some drugs (streptomicinum) may cause deafness. Structure and function of which cells is violated in such case? A. Pillar cells. B. Deyters cells. C. Hensen cells. D. Claudius cells. E. *Hair cells. 374. Inner ear macula of utricle is mainly responsible for: A. Circular acceleration detection. B. Gravity detection. C. Static position detection. D. Sound detection. E. *Linear acceleration detection. 375. Main function of pigmental layer cells of retina: A. Melanin synthesis. B. Limiting. C. Lining. D. Separate. E. *Reverse the light. 376. Main function of tunica fibrosa of eye: A. Accommodative. B. Visual. 377. 378. 379. 380. 381. 382. 383. C. Sensory. D. Dioptric. E. Protective. Membranous labyrinth of vestibulum includes: A. Tympanic membrane. B. Auricle, external auditory tube. C. Semicircular canals. D. Cochlear labyrinth. E. *Saccule and utricle. Middle (main) layer of cornea consists of next tissue: A. Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium. B. Simple squamous epithelium. C. Loose connective tissue. D. Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium. E. *Fibrous connective tissue. Middle ear includes: A. Tympanic membrane. B. Eustachian tube. C. Auricle, external auditory tube. D. Bony and membranous labyrynth. E. *Tympanic cavity and ossicles. Certify in order the layers of cornea: A. Inner epithelium, Bowman’s membrane, susbstantia propria, Descemet’s membrane, outer epithelium. B. Outer epithelium, susbstantia propria, Descemet’s membrane, Bowman’s membrane, inner epithelium. C. Outer epithelium, Descemet’s membrane, Bowman’s membrane, susbstantia propria, inner epithelium. D. Bowman’s membrane, susbstantia propria, Descemet’s membrane, outer epithelium, inner epithelium. E. *Outer epithelium, Bowman’s membrane, susbstantia propria, Descemet’s membrane, inner epithelium. Certify, please, receptive functional apparatus of eye. A. Dyoptric. B. Secretory. C. Contractile. D. Accomodative. E. *Sensory. Optic nerve consists of: A. Axons of rod cells. B. Axons of cone cells. C. Axons of horizontal cells. D. Axons of amacrine cells. E. *Axons of ganglion cells. Organ of Corty lies in: A. Tympanic membrane. B. Saccule and utricle. C. Auricle, external auditory tube. D. Semicircular canals. E. Cochlear duct. 384. Outer epithelium of tympanic membrane: A. Stratified keratinized epithelium. B. Simple squamous epithelium. C. Simple cuboidal epithelium. D. Basal epithelium. E. *Stratified nonkeratinized epithelium. 385. Outer surface of tympanic membrane is covered by: A. Simple squamous epithelium. B. Pseudostratified epithelium. C. Simple cuboidal epithelium. D. Simple columnar epithelium E. *Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium. 386. Epithelium of which type is damaged first of all in the case of trauma of cornea? A. Pseudostratified. B. Stratified squamous keratinized. C. Stratified cuboidal. D. Stratified cylindrical. E. *Stratified squamous nonkeratinized. 387. Patient is blind at the middle of field of. Which structure of the eye is damaged? A. Uveal tract. B. Ciliary portion of retina. C. Iridial portion of retina. D. Blind spot. E. *Yellow spot. 388. Patient is colour blinded (could not recognize blue and green colours) but has normal twilight vision. Which structures of retina are probably damaged? A. Rod cells. B. Bipolar cells. C. Amacrine cells. D. Horizontal cells. E. *Cone cells. 389. Patient has right optic nerve trauma. Which neurons of retina are damaged? A. Bipolar associative. B. Photoreceptor. C. Horizontal associativ. D. Amacrine associative. E. *Ganglionic. 390. Perikaryons of amacrine cells of retina lie in: A. Pigmental layer. B. Outer nuclear layer. 391. 392. 393. 394. 395. 396. 397. 398. C. Ganglion cell layer. D. Photoreceptor layer. E. *Inner nuclear layer. Perikaryons of associative bipolar cells of retina lie in: A. Pigmental layer. B. Outer nuclear layer. C. Ganglion cell layer. D. Photoreceptor layer. E. *Inner nuclear layer. Perikaryons of associative multipolar of retina cells lie in: A. Pigmental layer. B. Outer nuclear layer. C. Inner nuclear layer. D. Photoreceptor layer. E. *Ganglion cell layer. Perikaryons of cone cells lie in: A. Pigmental layer. B. Inner nuclear layer. C. Ganglion cell layer. D. Photoreceptor layer. E. *Outer nuclear layer. Perikaryons of horizontal cells of retina lie in: A. Pigmental layer. B. Outer nuclear layer. C. Ganglion cell layer. D. Photoreceptor layer. E. *Inner nuclear layer. Perikaryons of rod cells lie in: A. Pigmental layer. B. Inner nuclear layer. C. Ganglion cell layer. D. Photoreceptor layer. E. Outer nuclear layer. Which receptors could not be formed after embryonic placodes damage? A. Macula of saccule. B. Macula of utricle. C. Ampular crests. D. Spiral (Corty’s organ) of cochlea. E. *Utricle and saccule maculae, ampular crests and Corty’s organ. Principal function of iris: A. Dioptric. B. Visual. C. Sensory. D. Contractile. E. *Diaphragm of eye. Principal function of lens: A. Accomodative. 399. 400. 401. 402. 403. 404. 405. 406. B. Sensory. C. Protective. D. Contractile. E. *Refractive. Principal function of pigmental layer of retina: A. Lining. B. Protective. C. Structural. D. Nutritive. E. *Light refraction. Principal refractive (dyoptric) media of the eye: A. Sclera and cornea. B. Sclera, lens, vitreus body C. Cornea, retina, lens. D. Aqueous humour, lens, retina. E. *Cornea, aqueous humour, lens, vitreus body. Sensory cells of sensoepithelial organ originate from: A. Nerve tissue. B. Muscular tissue. C. Connective tissue. D. Fibrous tissue. E. *Epithelial tissue. Sensory cells of neurosensory organ originate from: A. Epithelial tissue. B. Muscular tissue. C. Connective tissue. D. Fibrous tissue. E. *Nerve tissue. Sensory crests lie in: A. Tympanic cavity. B. Saccule and utricle. C. External auditory tube. D. Cochlear labyrinth. E. *Semicircular canals. Sensory maculae lie in: A. Tympanic cavity. B. External auditory tube. C. Cochlear labyrinth. D. Semicircular canals. E. *Saccule and utricle. Special feature of cone cell dendrite: A. Is thin. B. Is thick. C. Has membranous discs. D. Has rhodopsin. E. *Has membranous semidiscs. Special feature of hair cells of organ of Corti A. Microvilli. B. Stereocilia and kinocilium. C. Flagella. D. Microvilli and kinocilium. E. *Sterocilia. 407. Special feature of rod cell dendrite: A. Is thin.. B. Is thick. C. Has rodopsin. D. Has membranous semidiscs. E. *Has membranous discs. 408. Special inclusion of cone cell: A. Glycogen. B. Rhodopsin. C. Melanin. D. Lutein. E. *Iodopsin. 409. Special inclusion of rod cell: A. Glycogen. B. Melanin. C. Lutein. D. Iodopsin. E. *Rhodopsin. 410. Special structures of tympanic cavity: A. Otolithic membrane. B. Crests. C. Cupula. D. Semicircular canals. E. *Malleus, stapes, uncus. 411. The blind spot of the eye: A. Is also known as the fowea spot. B. Is the region where retinal veins converge to leave the eye. C. Is the thickest part of the neural retina. D. Contains a lot of photoreceptor cells. E. *Is the region where the axons of the ganglion cells converge and leave the eye as the optic nerve. 412. Which layer of cornea is involved in thorn (white nontrasparent spot) appearance and prominent dicrease of vision most of all? A. Posterior corneal epithelium. B. Anterior limiting membrane. C. Anterior corneal epithelium. D. Posterior limiting membrane. E. *Proper substance. 413. The fovea (yellow spot) of the eye: A. Is also known as the blind spot. B. Is the region where the axons of the ganglion cells converge and leave the eye as the optic nerve. C. Is the region where retinal veins converge to leave the eye. D. Contains no photoreceptive cells. E. *Is the thinnest part of the neural retina. 414. The inner layer of cornea consists of: A. Stratified keratinized epithelium. B. Connective tissue. C. Stratified nonkeratinized epithelium. D. Pseudostratified epithelium. E. *Simple squamous epithelium. 415. Tissue of outer layer of cornea is the next: A. Stratified keratinized epithelium. B. Connective tissue. C. Pseudostratified epithelium. D. Simple squamous epithelium. E. *Stratified nonkeratinized epithelium. 416. The structure that serves as the border between the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye is the: A. Lens. B. Zonule. C. Ora serrata. D. Vitreous body. E. *Iris. 417. The wall of tympanic cavity is covered by: A. Stratified keratinized epithelium. B. Connective tissue. C. Pseudostratified epithelium. D. Stratified nonkeratinized epithelium. E. *Simple squamous epithelium. 418. Tympanic cavity is connected with inner ear by: A. Eustachian tube. B. Endolymphatic duct. C. Perilymphatic duct. D. Helicotrema. E. *Round and oval windows. 419. Tympanic membrane mainly consists of: A. Epithelial tissue. B. Muscular tissue. C. Nervous tissue. D. Chondroid tissue. E. *Connective tissue. 420. Tympanic membrane principal function: A. Protective. B. Structural. C. Limiting. D. Nutritive. E. *To transmit the sound wave in mechanical oscillation. 421. What does uveal tract of fetal eyeball originate from? 422. 423. 424. 425. 426. 427. 428. A. Ectoderm. B. Endoderm. C. Outer layer of eye glass. D. Inner layer of eye glass. E. *Mesenchyme. What are the portions of fibrous tunic of the eye? A. Sensory and accomodative. B. Dioptric and sensory. C. Secretory and sensory. D. Contructile. E. *Cornea and sclera. What are the components of inner ear bony labyrinth? A. Eustachian tube and cochlea. B. Semicircular ducts and Eustachian tube. C. Cochlea and tympanic cavity. D. Tympanic cavity. E. *Vestibulum, semicircular ducts, cochlea. What are the components of inner ear cochlea membranous labyrinth? A. Saccule, utricle. B. Vestibulum. C. Eustachian tube. D. Semicircular ducts. E. *Cochlear duct. What are the inhibiting cells of retina? A. Rod cells. B. Associative bipolar cells. C. Multipolar cells. D. Cone cells. E. *Horizontal cells. What are the inhibiting cells of the retina? A. Rod cells. B. Cone cells. C. Multipolar cells. D. Ganglionic cells. E. *Amacrine cells. What are the neurosensory organs? A. Audiovestibular organ. B. Paccinian corpuscle. C. Taste organ. D. Receptors. E. *Visual organ. What are the neurosensory organs? A. Audiovestibular organ. B. Paccinian corpuscle C. Taste organ. D. Receptors. E. *Smell organ. 429. 430. 431. 432. 433. 434. 435. 436. What are the sensoepithelial organs? A. Visual organ. B. Organ of smell. C. Paccinian corpuscle. D. Receptors. E. *Audiovestibular organ. What are the sensoepithelial organs? A. Visual organ. B. Organ of smell. C. Paccinian corpuscle. D. Receptors. E. *Taste buds. Which cells of retinaare sensory? A. Associative bipolar cells. B. Multipolar cells. C. Horizontal cells. D. Amacrine cells. E. *Rod and cone cells. What does analisator include? A. Brain cortex and ganglion. B. Sense organ and nerve. C. Nerve and ganglion. D. Receptor and brain cortex. E. *Brain cortex, nerve, and sense organ. What does blind spot of eye mean? A. Thinnest part of retina with high degree of resolution. B. Part of retina close to ciliary body. C. Neural part of retina. D. Epithelial part of retina. E. *Part of retina, from which optic nerve arises. What does external limiting membrane of retina consist of? A. Flat pigmental cells. B. Dendrites of sensory cells. C. Nerve cells bodies. D. Optic nerve fibers. E. *Zone of glial cells adherent junctions. What does ganglion cell layer of retina consist of? A. Pigmental cells. B. Rod and cone cells dendrites. C. Rod and cone cells perikaryons. D. Bipolar associative cells perikaryon. E. *Multipolar neurons. What does inner limiting membrane of retina consist of? A. Pigmental cells. B. Rod and cone cells dendrites. C. Rod and cone cells perikaryons. D. Multipolar neurons. 437. 438. 439. 440. 441. 442. 443. 444. E. *Glial cells processes. What does inner nuclear layer of retina consist of? A. Pigmental cells. B. Rod and cone cells dendrites. C. Rod and cone cells perikaryons. D. Multipolar neurons. E. *Bipolar associative cells perikaryons. What does outer nuclear layer of retina consist of? A. Pigmental cells. B. Rod and cone cells dendrites. C. Multipolar neurons. D. Bipolar associative cells perikaryons. E. *Rod and cone cells perikaryons. What does inner plexiform layer of retina consist of? A. Flat pigmental cells. B. Dendrites of sensory cells. C. Nerve cells bodies. D. Optic nerve fibers. E. *Axons of associative bipolar cells and dendrites of ganglion cells What does outer plexiform layer of retina consist of? A. Flat pigmental cells. B. Dendrites of sensory cells. C. Nerve cells bodies. D. Optic nerve fibers. E. *Axons of rod and cone cells and dendrites of associative bipolar cells Internal limiting membrane of retina consists of: A. Flat pigmental cells. B. Dendrites of sensory cell. C. Nerve cells bodies. D. Optic nerve fibers . E. *Zone of glial cells adherent junction. Layer of nerve fibers of retina consists of: A. Dendrites of sensory cells. B. Axons of associative bipolar cells. C. Dendrites of ganglion cells. D. Axons of sensory cells. E. *Axons of ganglion cells. What does lens consist of? A. Pigmental cells. B. Epithelial cells. C. Collagen fibers. D. Elastic fibers. E. *Lens fibers. What does macula of eye bottom mean? A. Part of retina, from which optic nerve arises. B. Part of retina close to ciliary body. 445. 446. 447. 448. 449. 450. 451. 452. C. Neural part of retina. D. Epithelial part of retina. E. *Thinnest part of retina with high degree of resolution. What does membrane of oval window of inner ear consist of? A. Epithelium. B. Muscular tissue. C. Compact bony tissue. D. Fibrous tissue. E. *Dense connective tissu. What does membrane of round window of inner ear consist of? A. Epithelium. B. Muscular tissue. C. Compact bony tissue. D. Fibrous tissue. E. *Dense connective tissue. Layer of nerve fibers of retina consists of: A. Pigmental cells processes. B. Rodand cone cells dendrites. C. Rod and cone cells axons. D. Bipolar associative cells processes. E. *Multipolar neurons axons. What does organ of Corty recognize? A. Equilibrium. B. Gravity. C. Linear acceleration. D. Circular acceleration. E. *Sounds. Which structures are forming does outer limiting membrane of retina? A. Pigmental cells. B. Rod and cone cells dendrites. C. Rod and cone cells perikaryons. D. Multipolar neurons. E. *Glial cells processes. Which structures are forming outer nuclear layer of retina? A. Pigmental cells. B. Rod and cone cells dendrites. C. Multipolar neurons. D. Bipolar associative cells perikaryons. E. *Rod and cone cells perikaryons. What structures are mainly placed in outer nuclear layer of retina? A. Dendrites of sensory cells. B. Nerve cells bodies. C. Optic nerve fibers. D. Glial cells adherent junctions. E. *Sensory neurons perikaryons. Which structures are forming outer plexiform layer of retina? A. Flat pigmental cells. 453. 454. 455. 456. 457. 458. 459. 460. B. Dendrites of sensory cells. C. Nerve cells bodies. D. Optic nerve fibers. E. *Axons of rods and cones and dendrites of associative bipolar cells. Which structures are forming inner plexiform layer of retina? A. Flat pigmental cells. B. * dendrites of sensory cells axons of sensory cell. C. Nerve cells bodies. D. Optic nerve fibers. E. *Axons of associative bipolar cells and dendrites of ganglionic cells Which structures are forming photosensory layer of retina? A. Pigmental cells. B. Rod and cone cells perikaryons. C. Multipolar neurons. D. Bipolar associative cells perikaryons. E. *Rod and cone cells dendrites. Which structures are forming pigmental layer of retina? A. Rod and cone cells dendrites. B. Rod and cone cells perikaryons. C. Multipolar neurons. D. Bipolar associative cells perikaryon. E. *Pigmental cells. What does thickest tunic of sclera consist of? A. Epithelium. B. Loose connective tissue. C. Contructile tissue. D. Nerve tissue. E. *Dense connective tissue. What does sensory crests of inner ear recognize? A. Equilibrium. B. Gravity. C. Linear acceleration. D. Sounds. E. *Circular acceleration. What does middle layer of tympanic membrane of ear mainly consist of? A. Stratified nonkeratinized epithelium. B. Stratified keratinized epithelium. C. Simple squamous epithelium. D. Basement membrane. E. *Fibrocollagenous tissue. Which tissue innermost layer of cornea is lined with? A. Nerve tissue. B. Muscular tissue. C. Connective tissue. D. Fibrous tissue. E. *Epithelial tissue. Certify the innermost tunic of the eye. 461. 462. 463. 464. 465. 466. 467. A. Sclera . B. Iris. C. Choroid. D. Pigmental. E. *Retina. What does outer tunic of eye consist of? A. Nerve tissue. B. Epithelial tissue. C. Muscular tissue. D. Loose connective tissue. E. *Dense connective tissue. What is outermost tunic of the eye? A. Retina. B. Iris. C. Choroid. D. Pigmental. E. *Fibrosa. What is the middle tunic of the eyeball? A. Retina. B. Sclera. C. Cornea. D. Pigmental. E. *Choroid. What is the embryonic source for origin of lens? A. Mesoderm. B. Endoderm. C. Mesenchyme. D. Neural tube. E. *Ectoderm. What is the embryonic origin of the audiovestibular organ sensory cells? A. Nervous. B. Muscular. C. Fibrous. D. Mesenchimal. E. *Epithelial. What is the principal layer of cornea? A. Nerve tissue. B. Epithelial tissue. C. Muscular tissue. D. Chondroid tissue. E. *Proper substance. What is the shape of outer hair cells of organ of Corti? A. Flat. B. Cuboidal. C. Oval -haped. D. Poligonal. E. *Cylindrical. 468. 469. 470. 471. 472. 473. 474. 475. What is the shape of inner hair cells of organ of Corti? A. Flat. B. Cuboidal. C. Poligonal. D. Cylindrical. E. *Oval -haped. What is the shape of pigmental cell of retina? A. Hexagonal. B. Cuboidal. C. Columnar. D. Goblet-like. E. *Flat with processes. What is the specific feature of the hearing sensory cells? A. Flagella. B. Mitochondria. C. Ribosomes. D. Inclusions. E. *Stereocili. What is the morphofunctional type of second neuron of retina? A. Unipolar motor. B. Bipolar sensory. C. Multipolar sensory. D. Bipolar motor. E. *Bipolar associative. What is the morphofunctional type of first neuron of retina? A. Unipolar motor. B. Multipolar sensory. C. Bipolar motor. D. Bipolar associative. E. *Bipolar sensory. What is the morphofunctional type of third neuron of retina? A. Unipolar motor. B. Bipolar motor. C. Bipolar associativ. D. Bipolar sensory. E. *Multipolar associative. What kind of cells is responsible for the black-white vision? A. Cone cell. B. Multipolar cell. C. Horizontal cell. D. Amacrin cell. E. *Rod cell. What kind of cells is responsible for the color vision? A. Multipolar cell. B. Horizontal cell. C. Amacrin cell. D. Rod cell. 476. 477. 478. 479. 480. 481. 482. 483. E. *Cone cell. What kind of tissue does pigmental layer of the retina consist of? A. Connective. B. Muscular. C. Nerv.e D. Sensory. E. *Epithelia. What kind of tissue does retina mainly consist of? A. Epithelial. B. Connective. C. Muscular. D. Chondroid. E. *Nerve. What kinds of sense organs do you know? A. Ectodermal, endodermal. B. Ectodermal, sensoepithelial. C. Receptors and effectors. D. Sensory, endodermal. E. *Neurosensory, sensoepithelial, nerve endings Which portions of retina do You know? A. Central and peripheral. B. Principal and additional. C. Simple and complex. D. Thin and thick. E. Visual and blind. Which special structures are present in pigmental cell of retina? A. Numerous mitochondria. B. Rhodopsin. C. Iodopsin. D. Glycogen. E. *Melanosomes. Which structure lies at the middle of iris? A. Blood vessels. B. Muscle. C. Ciliary body. D. Lens. E. *Pupil. Which structure separates the external and middle ear? A. Oval window. B. Round window. C. Tectorial membrane. D. Skin. E. *Tympanic membrane. Which structure underlies external epithelium of cornea? A. Dense connective tissue. B. Descemet’s membrane. C. Bruch’s membrane. 484. 485. 486. 487. 488. 489. 490. 491. D. Bilayered basement membrane. E. *Bowmen’s membrane. Which structure underlies internal epithelium of cornea? A. Dense connective tissue. B. Bilayered basement membrane. C. Bruch’s membrane. D. Bowmen’s membrane. E. *Descemet’s membrane. Which tunic of eye does iris belong to? A. Cornea. B. Sclera. C. Visual retina. D. Blind retina. E. *Choroid. Hearing organ belongs to next type of sense organs: A. Primary sensory. B. Tertiary sensory. C. Proprio sensory. D. Receptors. E. *Secondary sensory. Ssmell organ belongs to next type of sense organs: A. Secondary sensory. B. Tertiary sensory. C. Proprio sensory. D. Receptors. E. *Primary sensory. Visual organ belongs to next type of sense organs: A. Secondary sensor. B. Tertiary sensory. C. Proprio sensory. D. Receptors. E. *Primary sensory. Vestibular organ belongs to next type of sense organs: A. Tertiary sensory. B. Proprio sensory. C. Receptors. D. Primary sensory. E. *Secondary sensory. Which vessels are usually present in cornea? A. Arteries. B. Veins. C. Capillaries. D. Lymphatics. E. *Cornea is vesselsless. Which structure underlies the inner epithelium of cornea? A. Connective tissue B. Bowmen’s membrane. 492. 493. 494. 495. 496. 497. 498. 499. C. Brucht’s membrane. D. Limiting membrane. E. *Descemet’s membrane. Which structure underlies the outer epithelium of cornea? A. Connective tissue. B. Descemet’s membrane. C. Brucht’s membrane. D. Limiting membrane. E. *Bowmen’s membrane. Arrangement of myocytes at the end of arteriol: A. longitudinal B. radial C. oblique D. irregular E. *circular Epithelium of which typr does epicardium have? A. endothelium B. simple cuboidal C. stratified nonkeratinized D. pseudostratified E. *methothelium Location of intermediate cells in the heart: A. in the middle of nodes B. in bundle of His C. in Purkinje fiber D. in myocardium E. *at the periphery of nodes Location of pace-makers in the heart? A. at the periphery of nodes B. in bundle of His C. in Purkinje fiber D. in myocardium E. *in the middle of nodes What does “anastomosis” mean? A. type of artery B. type of vein C. lymphatic vessel D. capillary E. *short direct junction of arteriole and venule What does “fibrous vein” mean? A. small vein B. large vein C. medium sized vein D. vein with collagen fibers E. *vein without media What does inner elastic membrane seprate? A. intima and adventitia of vessel B. media and adventitia of vessel C. myocytes of media D. blood and intima of vessel E. *intima and media of vessel 500. What does muscular tissue of blood vessel originate from? A. ectoderm B. endoderm C. mesoderm D. notochord E. *mesenchyme 501. What does outer elastic membrane of artery consist of ? A. collagen fibers B. reticular fibers C. muscular fibers D. nerve fibers E. *elastic fibers 502. What does red colour of myocardium depend on? A. glycogen inclusions B. lipid inclusions C. blood supply D. myofibrilles E. *myoglobin 503. What does valve of vein consist of? A. endotheliun and adventitia B. intima and media C. intima and adventitia D. media and adventitia E. *endothelium and subendothelial layer 504. What is function of anastomoses? A. gases exchanges B. nutrients supply C. regulation of blood pressure D. blood deposition E. *fast redistribution of blood 505. Which structure regulates blood redistribution in epithelioid type of anastomosis ? A. circular layer of myocytes of arteriole B. circular layer of myocytes of venule C. epithelioid structure of venule D. capillary E. *epithelioid structure of anastomosis 506. Which tissue covers epicardium? A. connective B. muscular C. nervous D. reticular E. epithelial 507. Which tissue does epicardium mainly consist of ? A. epithelial B. muscular C. nervous D. reticular E. *connective 508. Which vessel has well distinct inner and outer elastic membranes ? A. elastic artery B. muscular artery C. muscular vein D. arteriol E. *mixed artery 509. Which vessel is responsible for regulation of organs blood supply? A. artery B. vein C. capilllary D. anastomosis E. *arteriole 510. Which type of intercellular junction is responsible for electric juction of nearest cells? A. Desmosoma B. Simple junction C. Nexus D. Hemiesmosoma E. *Tight junction 511. Patient with endocarditis has pathology of heart valves. What does heart valve consist of? A. Hyalin cartilage, endothelium B. Loose connective tissue, endothelium C. Cardiac muscular tissue, endothelium D. Elastic cartilage, endothelium E. *Dense connective tissue, endothelium 512. Electron micrograph of myocardium shows cells with processes with a few organelles but well develooped rough endoplasmic reticulum and secretory granules. What are these cells? A. Cardiomyocytes of ventricles B. P-cells C. Transitional conductive cells D. Cells of His bandle E. *Secretory cardiomyocytes of atria 513. Which structures are responsible for electric interaction of cardiomyocytes? A. Hemidesmosomal junction B. Place of myofibril connection with sarcolemma C. Intercalated disc D. Nexus E. *Tight junction 514. Electron micrograph of blood vessel wall shows continuous layer of cells which lie at the basement membrane and are interconnected by desmosomal and tight junctions. What are these cells? A. Mesothelial cells B. Epidermocytes C. Epithelioreticular cells D. “Boarder” macrophages E. *Endothelial cells 515. There is histologic specimen of circulatory system organ. One tunic of the wall is made up of anastomozing fibers which consits of cells which are interconnected by intercalated discs. Which organ is present in this specimen? A. Aorta B. Muscular artery C. Muscular vein D. Arteriole E. *Heart 516. What is the source of reparative regeneration for place with necrosis of cardiac cells? A. Myofibrilles B. Cardiomyocytes C. Myosatellite cells D. Intercalated discs E. *Connective tissue 517. 16. Histologic specimen shows blood vessel whose wall consists of endothelium over basement membrane, middle tunic is absent, outer one is connected with surrounding connective tissue. What is the type of this vessel? A. Venule B. Muscular artery C. Arteriole D. Elastic artery E. *Fibrous vein 518. Which cardiac cells are producing natriuretic polipeptide? A. P-cells B. Transitional cells C. Purkinje cells D. Myosatellite cells E. *Secretory cardiomyocytes 519. What is this blood vessel middle tunic has 40-60 fenestrated elastic membranes.? A. Nonmuscular vein B. Muscular vein C. Muscular artery D. Mixed artery E. *Elastic artery 520. What are blindended vessels? A. Hemocapillary B. Arteries C. Veins D. Venules E. *Lymphatic capillary 521. Which structural components of wall of the arteries are responsible for contraction? A. Elastic fibers B. Collagen fibers C. Endotheliocytes D. Lipocytes E. *Smooth myocytes 522. Which cells are pacemaker cells producing impulses for myocardium contractions? A. Transitional cells of atrioventricular node B. Conductive cardiomyocytes atrioventricular bandle of His C. Conductive cardiomyocytes of Purkinje fibers D. Typical cardiomyocytes E. *Pacemaker (P-cells) of sinoatrial node 523. Which cells of sino-atrial node are pace makers for rhythm 60-65 per minute? A. Secretory cardiomyocytes B. Purkinje cells C. Myosatellite cells D. Transitional cells E. *P-cells 524. Which cells of heart produce atrial natriuretic factor? A. P-cells B. Transitional cells C. Purkinje cells D. Myosatellite cells E. *Secretory cardiomyocytes 525. What is type of blood vessel middle tunica of which is thickest, consists of smooth myocytes and has no elastic membranes? A. Muscular artery B. Elastic artery C. Mixed artery D. Arteriole E. *Muscular vein 526. What cells of heart wall under the endocardium consist of peripheral nuclei, few organelles and irregularly placed myofibrilles? A. Secretory cardiomyocytes B. Contractile cardiomyocytes C. Smooth myocytes D. Striated myocytes E. *Conductive cardiomyocytes 527. What is name of microcirculatory bed blood vessel containg of 1-2 layers of spiraly arranged smooth myocytes and longitunal localized endotheliocytes? A. Venule B. Somatic (continuous) capillary C. Fenestrated capillary D. Sinusoidal capillary E. *Arteriole 528. What is the type of anastomoses connecting arterioles and venules? A. Hemianastomoses B. Typical anastomoses with contractile structures C. Typical simple anastomoses of epithelioid type D. Typical complex anastomoses of epithelioid type E. *Typical simple anastomoses 529. Full blockade of heart appears as a result of heart infarction (atria and ventricles are contracting asynchronically). Which structures damage is it due to? A. Contractile cardiomyocytes of ventricles B. P-cells of sino-atrial node C. * Conductive cardiomyocytes of His bandle D. N.vagus fibers E. Sympathetic fibers 530. After heart attack (infarction) some cardiac cells had dying. Which type of regeneration will take place here? A. physiological B. * reparative C. partial D. pathological E. partial 531. After heart attack (infarction) some cardiac cells had dead. Which tissue will replace these cells? A. muscular B. skeletal C. epithelial tissue D. nervous E. * loose connective tissue 532. Artery in slide usually has shape: A. * round B. flattened C. Crectangular D. hexagonal E. regular 533. Blood vessel wall is innervated by: A. somatic nervous system B. not innervated C. by itself D. * autonomic nervous system E. parasympathetic nervous system 534. Capillaries of which type are present in endocrine glands? A. * fenestrated (visceral, discontinuous) 535. 536. 537. 538. 539. 540. 541. 542. B. somatic (continuous) C. sinusoids D. mixed E. small Capillaries of which type are present in haemopoietic organs? A. visceral (discontinuous) B. somatic (continuous) C. * sinusoids D. mixed E. large Capillaries of which type are present in muscles? A. visceral (discontinuous) B. * somatic (continuous) C. sinusoids D. mixed E. small Cardiomyocytes are arranged in row and connected by: A. adhesion B. desmosomes C. * intercalated discs D. gap junctions E. nexuses Disorders of which heart structures may cause arythmy? A. contractile cells B. * secretory cells C. epicardium D. conductive system E. pericardium Disposition of myofibrilles in conductive cardiomyocyte: A. arranged in groups B. in poles of cell C. arround nucleus D. at the center E. * irregular Disposition of myofibrilles in contractile cardiomyocyte: A. arranged in groups B. in poles of cell C. * arround nucleus D. at the center E. irregular Elastic fibers of aorta could be stained with: A. hematoxylin B. eosin C. iron hematoxylin D. sudan E. * orcein Endocardium is nutrited from: 543. 544. 545. 546. 547. 548. 549. A. “vasa vasorum” B. * blood of heart chambers C. coronary arteries D. arteries of pericardium E. lymphatics Epithelium of which type coveres endocardium? A. superficial B. simple and compound C. * endothelium D. transitional E. cuboidal Epithelium of which type coveres pericardium? A. superficial B. endothelium C. * mesothelium D. transitional E. cuboidal Epithelium of which typr does pericardium have? A. * methothelium B. endothelium C. simple cuboidal D. stratified nonkeratinized E. pseudostratified Fenestrated (visceral) hemocapillary has: A. * fenestrations in endothelium and continuous basement membrane B. unfenestrated endothelium and continuous basement membrane C. fenestrated endothelium and discontinuous basement membrane D. unfenestrated endothelium and continuous basement membrane E. fenestrated endothelium and continuous basement membrane Heart valves are derivatives of: A. * endocardium B. myocardium C. epicardium D. pericardium E. skeleton of heart Heart valves originate from: A. * endocardium B. myocardium C. pericardium D. epicardium E. blood vessels Heart wall consists of: A. endocardium, muscular B. endocardium, serous C. myocardium D. * endocardium, myocardium, epicardiun E. myocardium and pericardium 550. 551. 552. 553. 554. 555. 556. 557. How many tunics are there in the blood vessel wall? A. 1 B. 2 C. * 3 D. 4 E. 5 Indicate hemodynamic conditions in aorta: A. * high speed and blood pressure B. slight flow C. low pressure D. turbulent movement of blood E. interrupted movement Indicate hemodynamic conditions in vein: A. high speed and blood pressure B. slight flow C. * low pressure, slight flow D. turbulent movement of blood E. interrupted movement Indicate the shape of contractile cardiomyocyte. A. * cylindrical B. round C. stellate D. flat E. cuboidal Indicate the type of intercellular junctions between cardiac cells. A. * intercalated discs B. tight C. adhesion D. desmosomes E. gap junctions Indicate the type of myocardium physiologic regeneration. A. * intracellular B. cellular C. full D. partial E. abnormal Indicate the type of myocardium reparative regeneration. A. * by connective tissue B. cellular C. full D. partial E. intracellular Indicate types of arteries A. muscular and fibrous B. * muscular, mixed and elastic C. elastic and fibrous D. epithelial, muscular 558. 559. 560. 561. 562. 563. 564. E. epithelial, muscular Indicate types of veins A. * muscular and fibrous B. muscular, mixed and elastic C. elastic and fibrous D. epithelial, muscular E. epithelial, muscular Intima of artery is nutrited by: A. vasa vasorum B. vessels of media C. elastic membrane D. * nutrients of bloodstream E. basement membrane Intima of blood vessel is covered by: A. * endothelium B. cuboidal epithelium C. columnar epithelium D. ciliated epithelium E. connective tissue Intima of vein is nutrited by: A. vasa vasorum B. vessels of media C. elastic membrane D. * nutrients of bloodstream E. basement membrane Layers of endocardium in order from inside: A. * endothelium, subendothelial, fibro-muscular, outer connective tissue layer B. fibro-muscular, outer connective tissue layer, endothelium, subendothelial C. myoepicardial plate, fibro-muscular, outer connective tissue layer D. endothelium, fibro-muscular, subendothelial, outer connective tissue layer E. subendothelial, outer connective tissue layer, endothelium, fibromuscular Layers of intima A. * endothelium, subendothelial, inner elastic membrane B. endothelium, subendothelial C. subendothelial, inner elastic membrane D. 2 layers of muscles E. 2 layers of connective tissue Location of adventitial cells in the wall of capillary: A. on basal surface of endotheliocyte B. in basement membrane C. inside of basement membrane D. * outside of basement membrane E. between pericytes 565. 566. 567. 568. 569. 570. 571. 572. Location of endotheliocytes in the wall of capillary: A. in basement membrane B. * inside of basement membrane C. outside of basement membrane D. between pericytes E. between adventitial cells Location of fenestra in the endothelium of capillary: A. in perinuclear zone B. in nuclear zone C. * in the peripheral zone D. on basal surface E. on adlumenal surface Location of fenestrated capillaries: A. muscles B. skin C. brain D. hemopoietic organs E. * kidney Location of fibrous vein: A. * brain meningeas, spleen, placenta B. brain C. heart D. muscles E. lungs Location of hormon-producing cells in the heart. A. endocardium B. myocardium of ventricles C. epicardium D. * myocardium of atria E. pericardium Location of nucleus in cardiomyocyte: A. * centrally B. under cell membrane C. arranged in groups D. in poles of cell E. absent Location of pericytes: A. on basal surface of endotheliocyte B. on adlumenal surface of endotheliocyte C. * in basement membrane D. inside of basement membrane E. outside of basement membrane Location of Purkinje cells in the heart: A. in the middle of nodes B. at the periphery of nodes C. in bundle of His D. * between endocardium and myocardium 573. 574. 575. 576. 577. 578. 579. 580. E. in myocardium Location of somatic capillaries: A. * muscles B. endocrine glands C. intestine D. hemopoietic organs E. kidney Location of synosoidal capillaries: A. muscles B. endocrine glands C. intestine D. * hemopoietic organs E. kidney Myocardium is nutrited by: A. “vasa vasorum” B. blood of heart chambers C. * coronary arteries D. arteries of pericardium E. lymphatics Name in order blood vessel wall tunics from inside. A. mucosa, submucosa, muscular B. submucosa, muscular C. epithelial, muscular D. * intima, media, adventitia E. epithelial, submucosa, muscular Cardiomyocytes in muscle fibers are interconnected by: A. adhesive junctions B. desmosomes C. intercalated discs D. * anastomoses E. nexuses Shape of Purkinje fiber conductive cardiomyocytes in cross section: A. flat B. cylindrical C. * oval D. hexagonal E. irregular Sinusoidal hemocapillary has: A. fenestrations in endothelium and continuous basement membrane B. unfenestrated endothelium and continuous basement membrane C. * fenestrated endothelium and discontinuous basement membrane D. unfenestrated endothelium and continuous basement membrane E. fenestrated endothelium and continuous basement membrane Somatic (continuous) hemocapillary has: A. fenestrations in endothelium and continuous basement membrane B. * unfenestrated endothelium and continuous basement membrane C. fenestrated endothelium and discontinuous basement membrane 581. 582. 583. 584. 585. 586. 587. 588. D. unfenestrated endothelium and continuous basement membrane E. fenestrated endothelium and continuous basement membrane Special arrangement of fibers in aorta: A. in continuous elastic laminae B. * in fenestrated elastic laminae C. in continuous collagen laminae D. in fenestrated collagen laminae E. irregular Special feature of hormon-producing cells of heart: A. glycogen inclusions B. myoglobin C. lipids D. myofibrilles E. * electron dense granules in cytoplasm Staiment of blood vessel adventitia: A. oxyphilic B. basophilic C. * light oxyphilic D. neutrophilic E. polychromatophilic Staiment of blood vessel media: A. * prominent oxyphilic B. basophilic C. neutrophilic D. light oxyphilic E. polychromatophilic Staiment of endothelium: A. oxyphilic B. eosinophilic C. * light basophilic D. neutrophilic E. polychromatophilic Staiment of nerve fibers in the blood vessel wall: A. * silver impregnation B. impregnation C. eosin D. hematoxylin E. orcein Tunica adventitia of blood vessel is nutrited by: A. blood from bloodstream and “vasa vasorum” B. * “vasa vasorum” of adventitia C. vessels of media D. from bloodstream E. lymphatics Tunica intima of blood vessel is nutrited by: A. blood from bloodstream and “vasa vasorum” B. “vasa vasorum” of adventitia 589. 590. 591. 592. 593. 594. 595. 596. C. vessels of media D. * from bloodstream E. lymphatics Tunica media of blood vessel is nutrited by: A. blood from bloodstream and “vasa vasorum” B. * “vasa vasorum” of adventitia C. vessels of media D. from bloodstream E. lymphatics Types of conductive cardiomyocytes: A. Purkinje fiber cells B. principal cells, intermediate cells C. * pace-makers, intermediate cells, Purkinje fiber cells D. contractile cardiomyocytes, intermediate cells E. Purkinje fiber cells, nerve cells Ultrastructural peculiarity of secretory cardiomyocyte: A. * electron dense granules in cytoplasm B. irregular shape C. myoglobin D. glycogen E. well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum Valve of vein consists of: A. smooth muscle B. elastic fibers C. reticular fibers D. collagen fibers E. * endothelium and subendothelial layer Vein in slide usually has shape: A. round B. * flattened C. rectangular D. hexagonal E. regular Wall of blood vessel is nutrited by: A. * from bloodstream and “vasa vasorum” B. “vasa vasorum” of adventitia C. vessels of media D. from bloodstream E. lymphatics Walves of heart are derivatives of: A. * endocardium B. myocardium C. epicardium D. pericardium E. vessels What are the tunics of blood vessels wall? A. mucosa, submucosa, muscular B. * intima, media, adventitia C. submucosa, muscular D. epithelial, muscular E. epithelial, submucosa, muscular 597. What component of microcirculatory bed is responsible for fast redistribution of blood? A. artery B. vein C. capilllary D. arteriole E. * anastomosis 598. What does “hemianastomosis” mean? A. type of artery B. type of vein C. * short capillary between arteriole and venule D. lymphatic vessel E. typical capillary 599. What does adventitia of blood vessel originate from?? A. ectoderm B. * mesenchyme C. endoderm D. mesoderm E. notochord 600. What does adventitia of elastic artery mainly consist of? A. * loose connective tissue B. elastic fibers C. epithelium and muscles D. epithelium and submucosa E. smooth myocytes 601. What does adventitia of fibrous vein mainly consist of? A. collagen fibers B. elastic fibers C. epithelium and muscles D. * loose connective tissue E. cardiomyocytes 602. What does adventitia of mixed artery mainly consist of? A. * loose connective tissue B. elastic fibers C. epithelium and muscles D. collagen fibers E. smooth myocytes 603. What does adventitia of muscular artery mainly consist of? A. * loose connective tissue B. elastic fibers C. epithelium and muscles D. collagen fibers E. smooth myocytes 604. What does amount of elastic fibers in the wall of vessel mainly depend on ? A. * blood pressure B. blood composition C. blood supply of vessel wall D. external influences E. congenital conditions 605. What does aneurism (distension) of artery is connected with? A. * insufficiensy of media B. insufficiensy of adventitia C. insufficiensy of reticular fibers D. disorders of blood circulation E. insufficiensy of collagen fibers 606. What does blood vessels originate from? A. ectoderm B. * mesenchyme C. endoderm D. mesoderm E. notochord 607. What does conductive system of heart consist of? A. endothelial cells B. contractile cardiomyocytes C. * conductive cardiomyocytes D. collagen fibers E. nerve fibers 608. What does endocardium is similar to? A. wall of elastic artery B. somatic capillary C. fibrous vein D. anastomosis E. * wall of artery 609. What does endocardium originate from? A. endoderm B. ectoderm C. notochord D. myoepicardial plate E. * mesenchyme 610. What does endothelium of blood vessels originate from? A. ectoderm B. * mesenchyme C. endoderm D. mesoderm E. notochord 611. What does epicardium originate from? A. endoderm B. ectoderm C. notochord 612. 613. 614. 615. 616. 617. 618. 619. D. * myoepicardial plate E. mesenchyme What does hemocapillary wall consist of? A. endothelium and basement membrane B. * endothelium, basement membrane, pericytes and adventinal cells C. basement membrane and adventitia D. endothelium E. connective tissue What does inner elastic lamina of artery consist of? A. skeletal muscle B. * elastic fibers C. collagen fibers D. reticular fibers E. smooth myocytes What does inner elastic membrane of artery consist of ? A. collagen fibers B. * elastic fibers C. reticular fibers D. muscular fibers E. nerve fibers What does media of blood vessel mainly consist of? A. endothelium, inner elastic membrane B. endothelium, subendothelial C. inner elastic membrane and nerve fibers D. * smooth myocytes E. 2 layers of connective tissue What does media of elastic artery mainly consist of? A. skeletal muscle B. * elastic fibers C. epithelium and muscles D. epithelium and submucosa E. smooth myocytes and elastic fibers What does media of mixed artery consist of? A. skeletal muscle B. * smooth myocytes and elastic fibers C. epithelium and muscles D. epithelium and submucosa E. cardiomyocytes What does media of muscular artery mainly consist of? A. skeletal muscle B. * smooth myocytes C. epithelium and muscles D. epithelium and submucosa E. smooth myocytes Main componentes of tunica media of muscular artery: A. skeletal muscle B. * smooth myocytes 620. 621. 622. 623. 624. 625. 626. 627. C. epithelium and muscles D. epithelium and submucosa E. smooth myocytes Main componentes of tunica media of muscular vein consist of? A. skeletal muscle B. elastic fibers C. reticular fibers D. * smooth myocytes and collagen fibers E. cardiomyocytes What does myocardium mainly consist of? A. epithelium B. loose connective tissue C. * cardiac muscular tissue D. sceletal muscular tissue E. dense connective tissue What is origin of myocardium? A. endoderm B. ectoderm C. notochord D. * myoepicardial plate E. mesenchyme What does outer elastic membrane seprate? A. intima and adventitia of vessel B. * media and adventitia of vessel C. intima and media of vessel D. myocytes of media E. blood and intima of vessel What does varicosis (distension) of vein is connected with? A. * insufficiensy of media B. insufficiensy of adventitia C. insufficiensy of reticular fibers D. insufficiensy of elastic fibers E. insufficiensy of collagen fibers What is innermost tunic of blood vessels wall? A. mucosa B. * intima C. submucosa D. muscular E. adventitia What is innermost tunic of the heart? A. * endocardium B. endothelium C. myocardium D. epicardium E. subendothelial What is main function of pace-makers ? A. * making up the impulses 628. 629. 630. 631. 632. 633. 634. 635. B. contraction C. hormones secretion D. protective E. lining What is middle tunic of blood vessels wall? A. mucosa B. intima C. submucosa D. * media E. adventitia What is myoglobin function? A. energy production B. * deposition of nutrients C. protein synthesis D. oxygen supply in contraction E. regeneration of myofibrilles What is outermost tunic of blood vessels wall? A. mucosa B. intima C. submucosa D. media E. * adventitia What is special feature of fibrous vein structure? A. smooth myocytes B. * absence of middle tunic C. epithelium and muscles D. epithelium and subendothelium E. collagen fibers What is the arrangement of elastic fibers in aorta? A. * in fenestrated elastic laminae B. irregular C. paralelly D. perpendicularly E. superficially What is the most special histological feature of aorta? A. collagen fibers B. * elastic fibers C. epithelium and muscles D. loose connective tissue E. smooth myocytes What is the principal function of conductive cardiomyocytes? A. contraction B. * making up the impulses C. secretion D. protective E. lining What structure separates tunica intima and media of artery? A. outer elastic membrane B. collagen fibers C. reticular fibers D. smooth myocytes E. * inner elastic membrane 636. What type of hemocapillaries do You know? A. * somatic, visceral, sinusoids B. mucosal, muscular C. submucosal, muscular D. epithelial, muscular E. epithelial, submucosal, muscular 637. Which blood vessel has fenestrated elastic lamina in the wall? A. mixed artery B. * elastic artery C. muscular artery D. muscular vein E. fibrous vein 638. Which cell compound supplies the oxygen for cardiac cells in contraction? A. lipids B. * myoglobin C. glycogen D. excretory E. incretory 639. Which cells are disposed in the basement membrane of capillary? A. endotheliocytesvisceral (discontinuous) B. adventitial cells C. * pericytes D. fibrocytes E. adipocytes 640. Which cells produce the impulses in the heart? A. Purkinje fiber cells B. intermediate cells C. * pace-makers D. contractile cardiomyocytes E. nerve cells 641. Which compound of microcirculatory bed is responsible for blood redistribution? A. arteriol B. venule C. hemocapillary D. * anastomosis E. lymph capillary 642. Which compound of microcirculatory bed is responsible for blood storage? A. arteriol B. * venules 643. 644. 645. 646. 647. 648. 649. 650. C. hemocapillary D. anastomosis E. lymph capillary Which fibers are typical for artery most of all? A. stiated B. muscular C. reticular D. collagen E. * elastic Which fibers are typical for vein most of all? A. stiated B. muscular C. reticular D. * collagen E. elastic Which fibers predominate in vein? A. muscular B. elastic fibers C. * collagen fibers D. reticular fibers E. regular Which hormon is produced by atrial cardiomyocytes? A. growth-hormon B. * Na-uretic factor C. insulin D. gonadotrophic hormon E. melatonin Which inclusions predominate in conductive cardiomyocytes? A. lipids B. hemoglobin C. * glycogen D. excretory E. incretory Which portions does endotheliocyte have? A. basal and adlumenal B. basal and apical C. * nuclear, perinuclear and peripheral D. fenestrated and nonfenestrated E. continuous and discontinuous Which special cells are typical for sinusoidal hemocapillary? A. * fixed macrophages B. large endothelial cells C. small endothelial cells D. permeable cells E. lymphocytes Which special inclusions are present in contractile cardiomyocytes? A. lipids 651. 652. 653. 654. 655. 656. 657. 658. B. * myoglobin C. proteins D. excretory E. small Which special organells are present in the cardiomyocyte? A. flagella B. * myofibrilles C. cilia D. tonofibrilles E. neurofibrilles Which special structures are present in the vein of feet? A. skeletal muscle B. elastic fibers C. reticular fibers D. * valves E. collagen fibers Which structure regulates blood redistribution in typical anastomosis? A. * circular layer of myocytes of arteriole B. circular layer of myocytes of venule C. epithelioid structure of anastomosis D. epithelioid structure of venule E. capillary Which surfaces does endothelium have? A. * basal and adlumenal B. basal and apical C. perinuclear and peripheral D. fenestrated and nonfenestrated E. continuous and discontinuous Which tissue coveres tunica intima of blood vessel? A. pseudostratified epithelium B. simple cuboidal epithelium C. transitional epithelium D. simple columnar epithelium E. * simple squamous epithelium What is kind of tissue covering tunica intima of blood vessel? A. pseudostratified epithelium B. simple cuboidal epithelium C. transitional epithelium D. simple columnar epithelium E. * simple squamous epithelium Which tissue coversinner surface of pericardium? A. * epithelial B. connective C. muscular D. nervous E. reticular Which tissue does pericardium mainly consist of ? A. epithelial B. * connective C. muscular D. nervous E. reticular 659. Which tunic coveres the heart from outside? A. mucosa B. * pericardium C. endocardium D. submucosa E. myocardium 660. Which tunic is thickest in the artery? A. intima B. adventitia C. * media D. they are equal E. intima and adventitia 661. Which tunic is thickest in the vein? A. intima B. * adventitia C. media D. they are equal E. intima and adventitia 662. Which types of cardiac myocytes do you know? A. simple and compound B. large and small C. * contractile and conductive D. contractile and excretory E. conical and cylindrical 663. In histologic specimen of heart wall myocardium mainly consists of cardiomyocytes. They are connected in myofibers by intercalated discs. Which type of intercellular junction is responsible for electric juction of nearest cells? A. * Nexus B. Desmosoma C. Hemiesmosoma D. Tight junction E. Simple junction 664. Patient with endocarditis has pathology of heart valves. What does heart valve consist of? A. Hyalin cartilage, endothelium B. Loose connective tissue, endothelium C. Cardiac muscular tissue, endothelium D. * Dense connective tissue, endothelium E. Elastic cartilage, endothelium 665. Electron micrograph of myocardium showes cells with processes with few organelles but well develooped rough endoplasmic reticulum and secretory granules. What are these cells? A. Cardiomyocytes of ventricles B. * Secretory cardiomyocytes of atria C. P-cells D. Transitional conductive cells E. Cells of His bandle 666. ECG (electrocardiogram) of 45 years old patient showes violation of cardiac cycle phases synchrony, increase of excitation transmission in myocardium. Which of the lower mentioned structures are responsible for electric interaction of cardiomyocytes? A. Simple junction B. Hemidesmosomal junction C. Place of myofibril connection with sarcolemma D. Intercalated disc E. * Nexus 667. Electron micrograph of blood vessel wall showes continuous layer of cells which lie at the basement membrane and are interconnected by desmosomal and tight junctions. What are these cells? A. * Endothelial cells B. Mesothelial cells C. Epidermocytes D. Epithelioreticular cells E. “Boarder” macrophages 668. There is histologic specimen of circulatory system organ. One tunic of the wall is made up of anastomozing fibers which consits of cells which are interconnected by intercalated discs. Which organ is present in this specimen? A. Aorta B. Muscular artery C. * Heart D. Muscular vein E. Arteriole 669. Cardiac myofibers had dying because of heart infarction. What is the source of reparative regeneration for place with necrosis of cardiac cells? A. Myofibrilles B. Cardiomyocytes C. Myosatellite cells D. * Connective tissue E. Intercalated discs 670. There is histologic specimen of spleen. It showes blood vessel whose wall consists of endothelium over basement membrane, middle tunic is absent, outer one is connected with surrounding connective tissue. What is the type of this vessel? A. Venule B. Muscular artery C. Arteriole D. * Fibrous vein E. Elastic artery 671. 60 years old patient with III degree of hypertony has increase of natriuretic polipeptide in the blood. Which cardiac cells are producing this hormone? A. * Secretory cardiomyocytes B. P-cells C. Transitional cells D. Purkinje cells E. Myosatellite cells 672. Histologic specimen of blood vessel is stained with orcein. Its middle tunic has 40-60 fenestrated elastic membranes. What is this vessel? A. Nonmuscular vein B. Muscular vein C. Muscular artery D. Mixed artery E. * Elastic artery 673. 19. Cancerogenesis is accompanied with spread of malignent tumor cells by system of anastomozing blindended vessels. Name these vessels. A. * Lymphatic capillary B. Hemocapillary C. Arteries D. Veins E. Venules 674. There are muscular arteries in specimen of skeletal muscle. Their spaces are narrowed. Which structural components of wall of the arteries are responsible for this? A. Elastic fibers B. Collagen fibers C. Smooth myocytes D. Endotheliocytes E. Lipocytes 675. Patient has arrhythmia after heart infarction. Which cells are pacemaker cells producing impulses for myocardium contractions? A. Transitional cells of atrioventricular node B. * Pacemaker (P-cells) of sinoatrial node C. Conductive cardiomyocytes atrioventricular bandle of His D. Conductive cardiomyocytes of Purkinje fibers E. Typical cardiomyocytes 676. In resting condition heart rate of 25 ears old men is 60-65 per minute. Which cells of sino-atrial node are pace makers for this rhythm? A. Secretory cardiomyocytes B. Purkinje cells C. *P-cells D. Myosatellite cells E. Transitional cells 677. 75 years old patient has III stage of hypertonia which is accompanied with hyper production of atrial natriuretic factor. Which cells are producing this polipeptide? A. P-cells B. Transitional cells C. Purkinje cells D. Myosatellite cells E. * Secretory cardiomyocytes 678. Blood vessel was excized in surgical operation. In histological specimen of this vessel middle tunic is thickest, consists of smooth myocytes and has no elastic membranes. What is the type of this vessel? A. Muscular artery B. Elastic artery C. Mixed artery D. * Muscular vein E. Arteriole 679. In histologic examination of heart wall under the endocardium there seen large pale cells with peripheral nuclei, few organelles and irregularly placed myofibrilles. What are this cells? A. Secretory cardiomyocytes B. Contractile cardiomyocytes C. * Conductive cardiomyocytes D. Smooth myocytes E. Striated myocytes 680. In histologic examination of microcirculatory bed specimen it was revealed blood vessel whose inner tunica has subendothelium which is not well defined and elastic membrane is very thin, middle tunica consists of 1-2 layers of spiraly arranged smooth myocytes. What is this vessel? A. Venule B. * Arteriole C. Somatic (continuous) capillary D. Fenestrated capillary E. Sinusoidal capillary 681. In histologic examination of microcirculatory bed specimen there were revealed short capillary like vessels which directly connect arterioles and venules. What is the type of these anastomoses? A. Hemianastomoses B. * Typical simple anastomoses C. Typical anastomoses with contractile structures D. Typical simple anastomoses of epithelioid type E. Typical complex anastomoses of epithelioid type 682. Full blockade of heart appears as a result of heart infarction (atria and ventricles are contracting asynchronically). Which structures damage is it due to? A. Contractile cardiomyocytes of ventricles B. P-cells of sino-atrial node C. * Conductive cardiomyocytes of His bandle D. N.vagus fibers E. Sympathetic fibers 683. Special feature of dendritic macrophage: 684. 685. 686. 687. 688. 689. 690. A. Pseudopodia B. * Shot permanent processes C. Long permanent processes D. Shot temporary processes E. Long temporary processes Special feature of free macrophage: A. * Pseudopodia B. Shot permanent processes C. Long permanent processes D. Shot temporary processes E. Long temporary processes Special feature of interdigital macrophage: A. Pseudopodia B. Shot permanent processes C. * Long permanent processes D. Shot temporary processes E. Long temporary processes What does islet of platelets production consist of? A. Granulocytes B. Agranulocytes C. * Megacaryocyte D. Macrophage and erythrocytes E. Lymphoblasts Which cells are disposed in cortex of thymic lobule? A. * Lymphoblasts and small lymphocytes B. Medium sized lymphocytes C. B-plasma cells D. Interdigital macrophages E. Boarder macrophages Which cells are typical for germinative center of white pulp of spleen? A. * B-lymphoblasts B. B-plasma cells C. T-lymphocytes D. Macrophages E. Reticular cells Which cells are typical for medulla of thymic lobule? A. Lymphoblasts and small lymphocytes B. Medium sized lymphocytes C. B-plasma cells D. Interdigital macrophages E. * Recirculating lymphocytes Which components are placed in cords of spleenic red pulp? A. Lymph nodules B. * Blood formed elements C. Reticular tissue D. Lymphocytess E. Lymph 691. ? Which hematopoietic organ has erythropoietic islet? A. Thymus B. Spleen C. Palatine tonsil D. * Red bone marrow E. Hemolymph node 692. Which hematopoietic organ has granulocytopoietic islet? A. Thymus B. Spleen C. Palatine tonsil D. * Red bone marrow E. Hemolymph node 693. Which hematopoietic organ has lobulated parenchyma? A. * Thymus B. Spleen C. Palatine tonsil D. Red bone marrow E. Hemolymph node 694. Which hematopoietic organ has red and white pulp? A. Thymus B. * Spleen C. Palatine tonsil D. Red bone marrow E. Hemolymph node 695. Which special macrophages are typical for sinuses of lymph node? A. Free B. Fixed C. Dendritic D. Interdigital E. * Boarder macrophages 696. Which stromal elements of red bone marrow are mainly responsible for cells migration into the blood? A. Free macrophages B. Adipocytes C. Osteogenic cells D. Reticular cells E. * Endothelial and adventitial cells 697. What central haemopoietic organs do you know? A. Red bone marrow, lymph nodes B. Lymph nodules of respiratory tract C. Lymph nodules of digestive tract mucosa D. Spleen, lymph nodes E. * Thymus, red bone marrow 698. 10. What tissue does the stroma of red bone marrow consist of? A. epithelial B. * reticular C. epithelioreticular D. fibrous connective tissue E. reticulo-endothelial 699. In spleen blood is deposed in: A. sinusoidal capillaries B. venules C. anastomosis D. * venous sinuses E. arteriols 700. What tissue does the parenchyma of red bone marrow consist of? A. * myeloid B. reticular C. epithelioreticular D. lymphoid E. epithelial reticulo-endothelial 701. Which cells aggregations are typical for the parenchyma of red bone marrow? A. follicles B. particles C. cords D. * hemopoietic islets E. nodes 702. What does dendritic cells belong to? A. Fixed macrophages B. Fibroblasts C. Epitheliocytes with branches D. * Free macrophages E. Erythrocytes 703. What kind of tissue does stroma of haemopoetic organs consist of? A. epithelial B. loose connective C. bony D. dense connective E. * reticular 704. Which type of blood capillaries are there in haemopoetic organs? A. * sinusoidal B. continuous C. somatic D. discontinuous E. fenestrated 705. What is the function of central haemopoetic organs? A. differentiation of T-lymphoblasts precursors into T-lymphocytes B. formation of erythrocytes, granulocytes and platelets C. * blood cells formation and antigenindependent proliferation of lymphocytes D. antigendependent proliferation of lymphocytes E. formation of erythrocytes, granulocytes and platelets 706. What is the function of peripheral haemopoetic organs? A. differentiation of T-lymphoblasts precursors into T-lymphocytes B. formation of erythrocytes, granulocytes and platelets C. all blood cells formation D. * antigendependent proliferation of lymphocytes E. formation of erythrocytes, granulocytes and platelets 707. What is the main function of red bone marrow? A. * blood cells formation and precursors of T- lymphocytes B. formation of B-lymphocytes and precursors of T- lymphocytes C. T- lymphoblasts transformation into T-lymphocytes D. B-lymphocytes and T- lymphocytes precursors formation E. formation of erythrocytes, granulocytes and platelets 708. Indicate the place of thrombocytopoesis in red bone marrow. A. near endosteum B. * around sinusoidal blood capillary C. everywhere D. in bone cavity E. near periosteum 709. What peripheral haemopoetic organs do you know? A. Red bone marrow, spleen B. Thymus and red bone marrow C. Thymus, lymph nodules of digestive tract mucosa D. * Spleen, lymph nodes E. Thymus 710. Which cells are the source of all blood cells formation in red bone marrow? A. blast cells B. * stem cells C. unipotent cells-precursors D. differentiating cells E. differentiated cells 711. In histologic specimen there’re seen macrophages, which are surrounded by erythrocytes at different stages of differentiation. What is this organ? A. Palatine tonsil B. Thymus C. Spleen D. * Red bone marrow E. Lymphatic node 712. Reticular tissue stroma of hemopoietic organ contains adipocytes, macrophages and osteogenic cells. What is this organ? A. Thymus B. Spleen C. * Red bone marrow D. Lymphatic node E. Palatine tonsil 713. In electonmicrograph we can see megakaryocyte. Which formed elements are produced by this cell in red bone marrow? A. * platelets (thrombocytes) B. erythrocytes C. leucocytes D. monocytes E. neutrophils 714. There are two specimens: in the first one we can see mainly erythrocytes and in the second one – different blood formed elements at different stages of development. What are these specimens? A. * Blood and red bone marrow B. Blood and lymph C. Blood of frog and blood of man D. Blood and yellow bone marrow E. Yellow and red bone marrow 715. Principal feature of yellow bone marrow. A. active lymphocytopoesis B. erythropoesis C. neutrophilopoesis D. monocytopoiesis E. * replacement of myeloid tissue by adipose 716. Which cells of yellow bone marrow may renew hematopoiesis? A. reticular cells B. adipocytes C. * stem cells D. fibroblasts E. mesenchymal cells 717. Embryonic source of red bone marrow: A. ectoderm B. endoderm C. mesoderm D. * mesenchyme E. notochord 718. Which organs does thymus belong to? A. * central hemopoietic B. peripheral hemopoietic C. endocrine D. glands E. indifferent 719. Which tissue does the stroma of thymus consist of? A. myeloid B. reticular C. * epithelioreticular D. lymphoid E. reticulo-endothelial 720. 3. Which organs of antigen independent differentiation of lymphocytes do you know? A. spleen and lymphatic node B. lymphatic node and Peyer’s patches C. * red bone marrow and tymus D. hemolymphatic node and spleen E. lymphatic node 721. Indicate the stromal tissue of thymus. A. Myeloid tissue B. * Epithelioreticular tissue C. Adipose tissue D. Fibrous connective tissue E. Dense connective tissue 722. What stroma tissue does thymus originate from? A. connective tissue B. fibrous tissue C. muscular tissue D. nerve tissue E. * epithelial tissue 723. Which capillaries does thymus have? A. continuous B. * fenestrated C. sinusoids D. somatic E. irregular 724. Reticular tissue stroma of hemopoietic organ contains epithelioreticular cells. What is this organ? A. Red bone marrow B. Spleen C. * Thymus D. Lymphatic node E. Palatine tonsil 725. A haemopoetic organ, which consists of irregular shaped lobules, is explored in light microscope. Each lobule has cortex and medulla. What is this organ? A. * Thymus B. Lymphatic node. C. Spleen D. Tonsil E. Appendix 726. What kind of tissue constitutes parenchyma of thymus? A. myeloid B. * lymphoid C. reticular D. epithelioreticular E. red and white pulp 727. In electron micrograph of hemopoietic organ numerous lymphocytes are scattered into invaginations of cell membrane. What is this organ? A. * thymus B. red bone marrow C. spleen D. tonsil E. liver 728. What is spape of lobule parenchyma of thymus? A. vesicle B. * irregular-shaped aggregation of lymphocytes C. cord of cells D. lymph nodule E. layer of cells 729. Which portions could be identifiyng in the lobule of thymus? A. cortex and paracortex B. * cortical and medullary zones C. medullary cords D. principal and additional E. red and white pulp 730. Which cells are mainly disposed in the cortex of thymic lobule? A. * T-lymphocytes B. T-lymphoblasts C. adipocytes D. epithelioreticular cells E. Hassal’s corpuscles 731. Which organs of antigen dependent differentiation of lymphocytes do you know? A. * spleen, lymphatic nodes and Peyer’s patches B. lymphatic nodes and thymus C. red bone marrow and thymus D. hemolymphatic nodes and spleen E. lymphatic node and red bone 732. Location of Hassal’s corpuscles in thymus: A. in the connectivetissue septa B. in the cortical layer of lobule C. * in the medulla of lobule D. arround blood vessels E. in capsula 733. Hassal’s corpuscles of thymus consist of: A. fibroblasts B. accumulation of myofibroblasts C. reticuloendothelial cells D. * degeneratively changed ephithelioreticulocyte E. osteogenic cells 734. Hassal’s corpuscles of thymus staiment are: A. prominent basophilic B. light basophilic C. light oxiphilic D. * prominent oxiphilic E. neutral 735. Inndicate the structures of hematothymic barrier. A. * endotheliocytes of blood capillary with a basal membrane, perivascular space and reticuloepitheliotcyte 736. 737. one? B. capillary wall and fibroblasts of perivascular space C. perivascular space with macrophages D. collagen fibers of perivascular space E. Hassal’s corpuscles What is the shape of epithelioreticular cells of thymus? A. round B. oval C. rectangular D. * irregular with processes E. poligonal Which function does thymus perform in addition to lymphocytopoietic A. supportive B. exocrine C. filtration of blood D. eccrine E. * endocrine 738. Which hormones does thymus produse? A. growth-hormone and thymulin B. thyroxin and thymosin C. * thymosin, thymulin, calcitonin-like D. parathormone and insulin E. insulin and calcitonin-like 739. Hemopoietic organ is seen in histologic specimen. It has lobular structure and stroma is made of epithelioreticulocytes with processes. What is this organ? A. Spleen B. Red bone marrow C. * Thymus D. Tonsil E. Lymph node 740. Hemopoietic organ is seen in histologic specimen. The medulla of lobules is light and contains epithelial Hassal’s corpuscels. What is this organ? A. Spleen B. Lymph node C. * Thymus D. Liver E. Kidney 741. Under the harmful influence on human body the structure of thymus is being changed: T-lymphocytes are dying and they are being replaced into peripheral organs, the proliferation of epithelioretyiculocytes takes place. What kind of process is this? A. * Accidental involution of thymus B. Age involution of thymus C. Hypotrophy of thymus D. Dystrophy of thymus E. Atrophy of thymus 742. Indicate central haemopoetic organs. A. spleen, thymus B. lymphatic nodes, red bone marrow C. * red bone marrow, thymus D. hemolymphatic nodes, Peyer’s patches E. spleen, lymphatic nodes 743. What is the principal morphological sign of accidental involution of thymus? A. Development of adipose and connective tissue B. T-lymphocytes exfusion into blood circulation C. * Mass destruction of T-lymphocytes D. Developing of epithelial stroma E. Phagocytosis of non-damaged T-lymphocytes by macrophages 744. Histologic specimen of a 40-years-old man thymus showes the process of thymus parenchymal elements loosing and replacement of them by connective tissue fibers and adipose tissue, enriching with Hassal’s corpuses. Give the definition of such a phenomenon. A. Accidental involution of thymus B. * Age involution of thymus C. Hypotrophy of thymus D. Dystrophy of thymus E. Atrophy of thymus 745. 52. Mice of mutant line “nude” have no thymus and reaction of cellular immunity. These mice don’t have an immune reaction against transplanted foreing organs. This happens because they don’t have: A. B-lymphocytes B. Macrophages C. * T-lymphocytes (cyto-toxic killers) D. T-helpers E. Plasma cells 746. Which cells take care of lymphocytes in thymus? A. Fibroblasts B. Smooth muscle cells C. Mesoteliocytes D. Border macrophages E. * Epithelioreticular cells 747. Immune reactivity of child is broken up. Which hemopoietic organ is responsible for antigen independent proliferation and differentiation Tlymphocyte? A. Red bonemarrow. B. Spleen. C. Lymph node D. * Thymus E. Palatine tonsil 748. Special feature of postcapillary venule of thymic lobule medulla? A. typical endothelium B. fenestrated endothelium C. fenestrated basement membrane D. pores in the wall E. * tall endothelium 749. Indicate the stromal tissue of lymph node. A. epithelial B. * reticular-endothelial C. adipose D. fibrous connective tissue E. dense connective tissue 750. What tissue does the parenchyma of lymph node consist of? A. myeloid B. reticular C. epithelioreticular D. * lymphoid E. epithelial reticulo-endothelial 751. Which hemopoietic organ contains reticular-endothelial stroma? A. thymus B. spleen C. red bone marrow D. * lymph node E. palatine tonsil 752. Which portions could be identifiyng in the lymph node? A. * cortex, paracortex and medulla B. cortical and medullary layers C. medullary cords and sinuses D. hemopoietic islets E. red and white pulp 753. Indicate peripheral haemopoetic organs. A. spleen, thymus B. lymphatic nodes, red bone marrow C. red bone marrow, thymus D. thymus, Peyer’s patches E. * spleen, lymphatic nodes 754. Indicate location of T-dependent zone (paracortex or deep cortex) in lymphatic node. A. between capsule and lymphatic follicles B. * between lymphatic follicles and medullary cords C. between medullary cords and hilum of lymphatic follicles D. between medullary cords and trabeculae E. between trabeculae and lymphatic node 755. In which order does lymph pass through the system of sinuses of lymph node? A. hilum, medulary, subcapsular, regional B. subcapsular, medullary, regional, gate C. * subcapsular, cortical, medullary, hilum D. regional, medulary, subcapsular, gate E. medulary, regional, subcapsular, hilum 756. 757. 758. 759. 760. 761. 762. 763. Which cells line the wall of sinuses of lymphatic node? A. * reticular endothelial B. reticular C. epithelial D. epithelio-reticular E. endothelial What parenchymal cells of lymph node follicle do you know? A. * B lymphocytes, B-lymphoblastes B. T-lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells C. plasma cells, macrophages D. B lymphocytes, interdigital cells, T-lymphocytes E. B and T-lymphoblasts, macrophages, interdigital cells, plasma cells In lymph node B-lymphocytes complete the differentiation in: A. lymph node paracortex B. sinuses C. cortex D. * medullar cords E. capsule There are such functions of lymph node: A. * lymphocytopoesis, immune protection, filtration and accumulation of lymph B. immune protection, secretion C. antigens destruction D. secretion of insulinolike factors E. accumulation of blood Which cells are absent in the germinative centre of lymph node? A. lymphoblasts B. adipocytes C. typical macrophages D. * myocytes E. lymphocytes Zones of lymphatic node are the next: A. zone of fatty cells and sinuses B. * cortex, paracortex (deep cortex), medulla C. white and red pulp D. fibers zone E. cortex and medulla Which zone of lymphatic node mainly contains the plasma cells? A. cortex B. paracortex. C. * medullary cords D. zone of fatty cells E. sinuses of lymphatic node What is the main function of lymph node sinuses? A. circulation of blood B. prolliferation of lymphocytes C. blood formed elements production D. proliferation of granular leucocytes E. * lymph circulation 764. Red bone marrow usually is stained with: A. hematoxylin and eosin B. iron hematoxylin C. sudan D. orcein E. * Romanowsky-Himsa stain 765. Plasma cells in medullary cords of lymph node originate from: A. T-lymphocytes B. * B-lymphocytes C. macrophages D. dendritic cells E. interdigital cells 766. Hemopoietic organ is seen in histologic specimen. Lymphocytes are arranged in lymphatic follicles, paracortical zone (deep cortex) and medullary cords. What is this organ? A. red bone marrow B. * lymph node C. thymus D. tonsil E. spleen 767. Which cells are producing antibodies after repeated entrance of antigens in human organism? A. macrophages B. T - killers C. T - supressors D. * plasma cells E. dendritic cells 768. In blood of 16-years-old girl, who suffers from auto-immune inflammation of thyroid gland, numerous plasma cells have been found out. Which cells are they (plasma cells) developing from? A. mast cells B. T-helpers C. T-killers D. T-supressors E. * B-lymphocytes 769. In the specimen of small intestine in mucosal lamina propria there were found out the basophilic cells aggregations, which have central light part and peripheral dark region. What are these structures? A. adipocytes B. nerve ganglia C. * lymphatic follicles D. blood vessels E. lymphatic vessels 770. Bean-like organ is seen in histologic specimen. It has cortex and medulla. Cortex is made up of round shaped structures (nodules) and medulla – of cords. What is this organ? A. kidney B. adrenal gland C. * lymph node D. thymus E. spleen 771. In the specimen of lymph node the paracortex (deep cortex) is enlarged. Which cells belong to this zone? A. border macrophages B. reticulocytes C. plasma cells D. macrophages E. * T-lymphocytes 772. Indicate the place of plasma cells production in lymph node. A. in the center of lymphatic follicle B. in the paracortex C. * in the medullary cords D. in the peripheral zone of lymphatic follicles E. in the sinuses of lymph node 773. Indicate in order the disposition of sinuses in lymph node A. hylum, subcapsular, cortical, medullary B. medullary, subcapsular, trabecular, hylum C. trabecular, subcapsular, medullary, hylum D. medullary, subcapsular, trabecular, hylum E. * subcapsular, cortical, medullary, hylum 774. Which special cells are situated in the wall of lymph node sinuses? A. * border macrophages B. fibroblasts C. smooth myocytes D. mesotheliocytes E. epitheliocytes 775. What haemopoetic organs belong to central immune organs? A. Lymph nodes, spleen B. Red bonemarrow, lymph nodes C. Spleen, thymus D. * Thymus, red bone marrow E. Lymphc nodes and thymus 776. There are two histologic specimens with organs, which have lymph follicles. In the first specimen we can see only follicles, and in the second one follicles, with blood vessels (arteries). What are these organs? A. red bone marrow, spleen B. * lymph node and spleen C. thymus, spleen D. liver, lymph node E. liver, spleen 777. Please, name the area of lymph node, in which T-lymphocytes interact with antigens. A. marginal zone B. cortical zone C. capsule D. * paracortical zone (deep cortex) E. medulla 778. Which parts does the parenchyma of spleen consist of? A. * red and white pulp B. reticular C. epithelioreticular D. lymphoid E. myeloid 779. Which tissue does the stroma of spleen consist of? A. red and white pulp B. * reticular C. epithelio-reticular D. lymphoid E. reticular-endothelial 780. What is the sequence of zones of lymphatic follicles of spleen from the central artery to the white pulp? A. periarterial, marginal, germinative, regional B. * periarterial zone, germinative center, marginal, peripheral zone C. periarterial, regional, marginal, germinative D. germinative, periarterial sheet, marginal, regional E. marginal, regional, periarterial sheet, germinative 781. Indicate the location of central artery in spleen? A. centrally in red pulp B. centrally in white pulp C. * excentrically in white pulp D. peripherally in red pulp E. peripherally in white and red pulp 782. In which structure T-lymphocytes complete their differentiation in spleen? A. red pulp cords B. mantial zone of white pulp C. marginal zone of white pulp D. * periarterial sheath and periarterial zone E. red pulp sinuses 783. In spleen B-lymphocytes complete the differentiation in: A. red pulp cords B. * mantial zone of white pulp C. marginal zone of white pulp D. periarterial sheath and periarterial zone E. red pulp sinuses 784. Indicate the place of T-lymphocytes antigendependent proliferation in spleen. A. * periarterial zone of white pulp B. germinative zone of white pulp C. marginal zone of white pulp D. periferal zone of white pulp E. red pulp 785. Hemopoietic organ is seen in histologic specimen. Lymph follicles are irregularly disposed and have atery inside. What is this organ? A. red bone marrow B. lymph node C. tonsil D. thymus E. * spleen 786. What haemopoetic organs belong to peripheral immune organs? A. * Lymph nodes, spleen B. Red bonemarrow, lymph nodes C. Spleen, thymus D. Thymus, red bone marrow E. Lymphc nodes and thymus 787. In the histologic specimen there are seen spherical aggregations of lymphocytes with central artery. What is this organ? A. lymph node B. * spleen C. thymus D. red bone marrow E. kidney 788. T-lymphocytes in spleen are mainly disposed in: A. red pulp B. * periarterial lymphatic sheath C. marginal zone D. germinative center E. pulp cords 789. Which parenchymal portions of spleen do you know? A. follicles and medulla B. cortex and cords C. * red and white pulp D. follicles and nodes E. cortex, medulla and paracortex 790. Indicate zones of lymphatic follicles of spleen A. regional sinus, marginal, medullary zone B. periarterial area, cortex, medullar area C. * periarterial zone, germinal center, marginal, peripheral zone D. marginal zone, periarterial zone E. cortical zone, medullary zone 791. What is happening with destroying erythrocytes in the red pulp of spleen? A. * are phagocyzed by macrophages B. enter the blood circulation C. are phagocyzed by neutrophilic leucocytes D. are dygested by the enzymes of giant cells E. are deposed in the red pulp of a spleen 792. Which structural components does the red pulp of a spleen consist of? A. * cords of pulp and venous sinuses B. venous sinuses C. zones of erythrocytopoesis D. thrombocytes E. granulocytes 793. Which cells are situated in the germinative center of a lymph nodule of spleen? A. T-lymphocytes B. * B-lymphocytes C. reticular cells D. adventitial cells E. smooth myocytes 794. Which cells are mainly placed in the germinative center of lymph nodule of spleen? A. dendritic cells B. * B-lymphocytes C. interdigital cells D. plasma cells E. macrophages 795. In which hemopoetic organs does elimination of erythrocytes and platelets mainly occur? A. red bone marrow B. * spleen C. thymus D. lymphatic node E. hemolymphatic node 796. What is the most specific feature of spleenic blood circulation? A. sinusoidal capillaries B. low speed of blood circulation C. anastomosis presence D. closed circulation E. * opened circulation 797. After radioactive irradiation lymphoid system of teenager is considerably affected. Which gland activity may renew blood picture? A. * Thymus B. Pancreas C. Liver D. Thyroid gland E. Adrenal gland 798. Histologic specimen is made up of hemopoetic organ. The latter one consists of irregular shaped lobules. Each lobule has cortex and medulla. Which organ is it typical for? A. * Thymus B. Lymph node C. Spleen D. Tonsil E. Appendix 799. In histological research of 40 years old men thymus it was revealed decrease of parenchimal structures size and increase of adipose and connective tissue content. There were a lot of thymic (Hassal’s) corpuscles but total mass of organ is stable. What is the name of this process? A. * Age involution B. Hypotrophy C. Distrophy D. Atrophy E. Accidendal involution 800. In the puncture of lymph node there are seen centres of active plasma cells production. Antigendependent stimulation of which immune cells is it due to? A. Т–Lymphocytes B. * В–Lymphocytes C. Macrophages D. Dendritic cells E. Interdigital cells 801. In the smear of human red bone marrow among myeloid cells and adipocytes there are some stellate cells with oxyphilic cytoplasm. Their processes are interconnecting. What are these cells? A. Dendritic B. Fibroblasts C. Macrophages D. * Reticular cells E. Osteocytes 802. In the specimen of red bone marrow there is an aggregation of giant cells in tight contact with sinusoidal capillaries. Which blood formed elements are producing here? A. * Platelets B. Erythrocytes C. Monocytes D. Lymphocytes E. Leucocytes 803. Morphological research of of spleen had revealed prominent activity of immun reactions. Which structures of this organ are responsible for antigenindependent proliferation of Т-lymphocytes? A. * Periarterial sheath B. Central zone of white pulp C. Mantial zone of white pulp D. Red pulp E. Marginal zone of white pulp 804. Morphological research of spleen had revealed signs of immune activity increase in human body. In which structures of this organ does antigendependent proliferation of Т–lymphocytes begin? A. * Periarterial sheath B. Central zone of white pulp C. Mantial zone of white pulp D. Marginal zone of white pulp E. Red pulp 805. Newborn baby has under-developed thymus. Which type of hemopoesis will suffer most of all? A. * Lymphopoesis B. Erythropoesis C. Granulocytopoesis D. Megacariocytopoasis E. Monocytopoesis 806. Numerous capillaries are seen in the specimen of red bone marrow. Mature blood formed elements are crossing their wall and enter the bloodstream. What is the type of this capillaries? A. * Sinusoidal B. Visceral C. Lymph D. Somatic E. Fenestrated 807. Plasma cell produce specific antibodies against exact antigens. Antigens introduction in human body causes increase of plasma cells. Which blood cells increase is it due to? A. Neutrophiles B. Eosinophiles C. Basophiles D. T-lymphocytes E. * B-lymphocytes 808. Round shaped aggregations of lymphocytes are seen in histologic specimen. Central arteries lie inside this nodules. What is this organ? A. Lymph node B. * Spleen C. Thymus D. Bone marrow E. Kidney 809. Skin transplantation was made to patient with severe burns. At the 8th day rejection of transplantant had begun. Which cells are mainly responsible for this? A. * Т-Lymphocytes B. В-Lymphocytes C. Eosinophiles D. Basophiles E. Erythrocytes 810. Special feature of boarder macrophage: A. Pseudopodia B. Shot permanent processes C. Long permanent processes D. * Disposition in wall of lymph sinusis E. Long temporary processes 811. There are few specimens of hemopoetic and immune organs which contain lymphoid tissue arranged in different structures (lymph nodules, lobules, cords). In which organ does antigenindependent proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes occur? A. * Thymus B. Lymph nodes C. Spleen D. Tonsil E. Hemolymph nodes 812. There is electron micrograph of macrophagic cell. Erytrocytes at different stages of differentiation are placed along its processes. Which organ cell is present at this photogram? A. Tonsil B. Thymus C. Spleen D. * Red bone marrow E. Lymph node 813. There is histologic specimen of hemopoetic organ. Stroma of this organ consists of reticular tissue and parenchyma has elongated cords of blood formed elements and round shaped aggregations of lymphocytes. What is this organ? A. Red bone marrow B. Lymph node C. Tonsil D. Thymus E. * Spleen 814. There is histologic specimen of hemopoetic organ. Parenchyma of this organ consists of lymphoid tissue which includes lymph nodules, paracortical zone and medullary cords. What is this organ? A. Red bone marrow B. * Lymph node C. Thymus D. Tonsil E. Spleen 815. There is histologic specimen of hemopoetic organ. Parenchyma of this organ consists of lymphoid tissue which has lobules. Stroma is made of epithelial cells with processes. What is this organ? A. Spleen B. Red bone marrow C. * Thymus D. Tonsil E. Lymph node 816. There is histological specimen of hemopoetic organ. Lymphoid parenchyma of this organ consists of lobules. What is this organ? A. * Thymus B. Lymph node C. Spleen D. Tonsil E. Appendix 817. There is histological specimen of organ whose stroma consists of reticular tissue. There are some adipocytes , macrophages and osteogenic cells too. What is this hemopoetic organ? A. Thymus B. Spleen C. * Red bone marrow D. Lymph node E. Tonsil 818. What does colour of yellow bone marrow depend on? A. Granulocytes B. Agranulocytes C. Erythrocytes D. * Macrophages E. Adipocytes 819. What does erythropoietic islet consist of? A. Granulocytes B. Agranulocytes C. Megacaryocytes D. * Macrophage and erythrocytes E. Lymphoblasts 820. What granulocytopoietic islet consist of? A. * Maturing granulocytes B. Agranulocytes C. Megacaryocytes D. Macrophage and erythrocytes E. Lymphoblasts 821. Which cell lies in the middle of erythropoietic islet? A. * Macrophage B. Stem cell C. Reticular cell D. Endothelial cell E. Adventitial cell 822. Which cells predominate in periarterial zone of white pulp of spleen? A. B-lymphoblasts B. B-plasma cells C. * T-lymphocytes D. Macrophages E. Reticular cells 823. What mostly cells localized in periarterial zone of lymphatic follicle of spleen? 824. 825. 826. 827. 828. 829. here? 830. A. B-lymphoblasts B. B-plasma cells C. * T-lymphocytes D. Macrophages E. Reticular cells Which hematopoietic organ has agranulocytopoietic islet? A. Thymus B. Spleen C. Palatine tonsil D. * Red bone marrow E. Hemolymph node Which hematopoietic organ has lymph nodules in cortex? A. Thymus B. Spleen C. Palatine tonsil D. Red bone marrow E. * Lymph node Which hematopoietic organ has paracortex? A. Thymus B. Spleen C. Palatine tonsil D. Red bone marrow E. * Lymph node Which hematopoietic organ has trombocytopoietic islet? A. Thymus B. Spleen C. Palatine tonsil D. * Red bone marrow E. Hemolymph node Which organ has medullary cords? A. Thymus B. Spleen C. Palatine tonsil D. Red bone marrow E. * Lymph node Which peculiarity of spleen allowes to eliminate blood formed elements A. B-lymphoblasts B. Closed circulation C. * Opened circulation D. Macrophages E. Reticular cells Which special macrophages are typical for thymus? A. Free B. Fixed C. * Dendritic D. Interdigital E. Boarder macrophages 831. Which structure does not belong to hematothymic barrier? A. Endothelial cells B. Basement membrane C. Epithelioreticular cells D. Free macrophages of perivascular space E. * Capsule 832. Which structure serves antigenindependent prolipheration of lymphocytes in thymus? A. Free macrophages B. Fixed macrophages C. * Hematothymic barrier D. Interdigital E. Boarder macrophages 833. Which cells produce testosteronee? A. Fibrocytes B. Sertoli cells C. Sustentacular cells D. Endothelial cells E. *Leydig cells 834. Acidity of prostate gland medium is high. What will happen to spermatozoa? A. Their structure will change B. Mobility will increase C. Maturation will stop D. Formation will stop E. *Mobility will decrease 835. Which of the following are produced by the Sertoli cells? A. Testosteronee B. Growth hormone C. Estrogens D. Inhibin E. *Androgen binding protein 836. How does prostate gland excision reflect on fertility of man? A. Simplify B. Nothing C. Increases D. Really increases E. *Partially decreases 837. Which of the following is NOT considered an accessory gland? A. Prostate B. Bulbourethral gland C. Seminal vesicles D. None of the above E. *Ductus deferens 838. What is another term for a bulbourethral gland? A. Bartholin's gland B. Prostate gland C. Skene's gland D. Brunner's gland E. *Cowper's gland 839. Certify the spherical homogenous structures which are seen in some prostatic alveoli. A. Psammoma bodies B. Corpora arenacea C. Hassall's corpuscles D. Pacinian corpuscles E. *Prostatic concretions 840. What is the name of spherical structures which are seen in some prostatic alveol A. Paccinian bodies B. Corpora arenacea C. Hassall's corpuscles D. Pacinian corpuscles E. *Prostasomes 841. What type of epithelium lines the seminal vesicles? A. Simple squamous B. Simple cuboidal C. Simple columnar D. Stratified squamous E. *Pseudostratified 842. What does distruction of gonocytoblasts in germinal toruli of embryo result in? A. Decrease of estrogens synthesis B. Sex organs will not appear C. Secondary sexual signs will not appear D. Decrease of progesterone synthesis E. *Germ cells will not appear 843. What type of epithelium lines the vas deferens? A. Simple columnar B. Stratified squamous C. Simple squamous D. Simple cuboidal E. *Pseudostratified 844. Vas deferen is lined with: A. Simple columnar epithelium B. Stratified squamous epithelium C. Urothelium D. Simple cuboidal epithelium E. *Pseudostratified epithelium 845. What type of glands prostate gland consists of? A. Simple straight tubular gland B. Simple coiled tubular gland C. Simple alveolar gland D. Compound tubular gland E. *Compound tubuloalveolar gland 846. What is the stroma of the prostate gland ? A. Loose irregular connective tissue B. Smooth muscle C. Adipose tissue D. Dense irregular connective tissue E. *Fibromuscular 847. What does stroma of prostate gland consist of? A. Loose connective tissue B. Smooth muscle C. Adipose tissue D. Dense irregular connective tissue E. *Fibromuscular tissue 848. How many layers of smooth myocytes are there in vas deferens? A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 5 E. *3 849. What does middle tunic of vas deferens consist of? A. Loose connective tissue B. Adipose tissue C. Dense irregular connective tissue D. Fibromuscular tissue E. *Smooth muscle 850. Increase of testosteronee in male blood analysis mostly depends on: A. Prostate gland B. Epididymis C. Testis, adrenal medulla, pituitary gland D. Testis, prostate gland E. *Testis, adrenal cortex, pituitary gland 851. Which one of the following are the earliest cells of spermatogenesis? A. Primary spermatocytes B. Secondary spermatocytes C. Spermatids D. Spermatozoa E. *Spermatogonia 852. Certify the earliest cells of spermatogenesis: A. Androspermia B. Gynecospermia C. Spermatids D. Spermatozoa E. *Spermatogonia 853. Which organ of male reproductive system has numerous coiled tubules whose wall has tunica with basal, myoid and fibrous layers? A. Prostate gland B. Epididymis C. Vas defferens D. Seminal vesicles E. *Testis 854. Which of the following substances are produced by the Leydig cells? A. Inhibin B. Androgen binding protein C. Growth hormone D. Estrogens E. *Testosteronee 855. A lot of seminiferous tubules are seen in the specimen of testis. Polygonal oxyphilic cells with lipid inclusions lie in connective tissue between these tubules. What are these cells? A. Spermatocytes B. Spermatogonia C. Sustentocytes D. Spermatids E. *Leydig cells 856. What organ of male reproductive system has parenchyma with tubules with spermatogenic epithelium and Leydig cells in stroma? A. Bulbo-uretral gland B. Epididymis C. Prostate gland D. Seminal vesicles E. *Testis 857. Vas deferens Which cells are termed "nurse cells" in testis? A. Interstitial cells B. Leydig cells C. Spermatogonia D. Macrophages E. *Sertoli or sustentacular cells 858. Which is the biggest accessory structure of the male reproductive system? A. Epididymis B. Seminal vesicle C. Bulbourethral gland D. Cowper's gland E. *Prostate 859. Certify the capsule that surrounds the testes: A. Tunica adventitia B. Tunica externa C. Tunica media D. Tunica intima E. *Tunica albuginea 860. What is the "cap" at the top of a spermatazoon head? A. Head B. Tail C. End piece D. Middle piece E. *Acrosome 861. What is the name of mature sperm cell? A. Primary spermatocyte B. Secondary spermatocyte C. Spermatid D. Spermatogonia E. *Spermatozoon 862. Which cells of seminiferous tubule of testis are subdividing epithelium into basal and adlumenal portions? A. Spermatocytes B. Leydig cells C. Spermatogonia D. Spermatids E. *Sustentocytes 863. Which of the following is NOT considered as part of the male genital duct system? A. Rete testis B. Tubuli recti C. Ductus deferens D. Ductus epididymidis E. *Seminal vesicles 864. Which structures are typical for epithelial cells of epididymis? A. Microvilli B. Cilia C. Keratosomes D. Kinocilia E. *Stereocilia 865. Which hormone deficiency may cause delay of sexual maturation? A. Estrogen B. Follicle stimulating C. Luteinizing D. Progesterone E. *Testosteronee 866. What type of hormone is testosteronee? A. Protein B. Amino acid chain C. Catecholamine D. None of the above E. *Steroid 867. Which of the following is true about penis? A. There is one corpus cavernosum and one corpus spongiosum B. There is one corpus cavernosum and two corpora spongiosa C. There are two corpora cavernosa and two corpora spongiosa D. There are four corpora cavernosa and two corpora spongiosa E. *There are two corpora cavernosa and one corpus spongiosum 868. What does erectile tissue of penis include? A. One corpus cavernosum and one corpus spongiosum B. One corpus cavernosum and two corpora spongiosa C. Two corpora cavernosa and two corpora spongiosa D. Four corpora cavernosa and two corpora spongiosa E. *Two corpora cavernosa and one corpus spongiosum 869. Which organ of male reproductive system contains erectile tissue? A. Testis B. Ductus deferens C. Epididymis D. Seminal vesicles E. *Penis 870. Which organ of male reproductive system contains two corpora cavernosa and one corpus spongiosum? A. Testis B. Ductus deferens C. Epididymis D. Seminal vesicles E. *Penis 871. Muscular-glandular organ has parenchyma with glands and urethra in the middle of organ What is this? A. Bulbo-urethral gland B. Epididymis C. Testis D. Vas deferens E. Prostate gland 872. Which organ of male reproductive sytem lies around urethra and contains a lot of small glands? A. Seminal vesicle B. Epididymis C. Testis D. Vas deferens E. *Prostate gland 873. . What is the most typical epithelium of prostatic glands? A. Transitional B. Stratified squamous C. Simple squamous D. Simple cuboidal E. *Simple columnar 874. Prostatic glands mainly consist of next epithelium: A. Transitional B. Stratified squamous C. Urothelium D. Simple cuboidal E. *Simple columnar 875. What type of epithelium lines the epididymis? A. Simple columnar B. Stratified squamous C. Simple squamous D. Simple cuboidal E. *Pseudostratified 876. Epididymal duct is lined with next type of epithelium: A. Simple columnar B. Stratified squamous C. Urothelium D. Simple cuboidal E. *Pseudostratified 877. . Cross section of seminiferous tubule shows spermatids and spermatozoa. What is this stage of spermatogenesis? A. Growth B. Reproduction C. Maturation D. Fertilization E. *Formation 878. Spermatids and spermatozoa are typical for next stage of spermatogenesis: A. Growth B. Reproduction C. Maturation D. Fertilization E. *Formation 879. Which cells are directly involved in spermatogenic epithelium? A. Interstitial cells B. Leydig cells C. Fibrocytes D. Macrophages E. Sertoli cells 880. Which cells belong to spermatogenic epithelium? A. Interstitial cells B. Leydig cells C. Fibrocytes D. Macrophages E. *Sertoli and spermatogenic cells 881. Disorders of male urination mostly may be due to this organ: A. Testis B. Epididymis C. Seminal vesicles D. Bulbourethral glands E. *Prostate gland 882. Androgenconnective protein is produced by: A. Leydig cells B. Seminal vesicles C. Prostate gland D. Bulbo-urethral glands E. *Sertoli cells 883. Boy testis hadn’t “dropped” into the scrotum. What may it result in? A. Testosteronee will not be produced B. The process of spermatogenesis will increase C. The endocrine function of testis will increase D. The development of the second sexual signs will be stopped E. * Spermatogenesis disorders (infertility) 884. Boy has cryptorchism (testis is disposed in retroperitoneal space. What does it result in? A. Testosteronee will not be produced B. Spermatogenesis will increase C. The endocrine function of testis will increase D. The development of the second sexual signs will be stopped E. *Infertility because of spermatogenesis disorders 885. From afferent straight tubules spermatozoa move to: A. Efferent tubules B. Ejaculatory duct C. Ampule of ductus deferens D. Epididymal duct E. *Rete testis 886. From efferent straight tubules spermatozoa go to: A. Rete testis B. Efferent tubules C. Ejaculatory duct D. Ampule of ductus deferens E. *Epididymal duct 887. From epididymal duct spermatozoa move to: A. Efferent tubules B. Rete testis C. Ductus defferens D. Epididymal duct E. *Ductus defferens 888. What does haematotesticular barier consist of? A. Capsule of testis B. Sustentocytes with their tight junctions C. Cells of interstitium D. Interlobular connective tissue of testis E. *The wall of seminiferous tubule and the wall of capillary 889. What does haematotesticular barier seprate? A. Capsule of testis from parenchyma B. Sustentocytes C. Cells of interstitium D. Interlobular connectve tissue of testis E. *Blood and spermatogenic epithelium 890. Which organ of male reproductive system synthesizes fructose for norishment of spermatozoa? A. Prostate gland B. Testis C. *Bulbo-urethral glands D. Penis E. *Seminal vesicles 891. At the stage of growth in spermatogenesis next process takes place: A. Transformation of spermatocytes I into spermatocytes II B. Transformation of spermatocytes into spermatids C. Cap formation D. Formation of a tail of spermatozoon E. *Transformation of spermatogonia into spermatocytes I 892. At the stage of growth in spermatogenesis next process takes place: A. Cap formation B. Transformation of spermatocytes I into spermatocytes II C. Transformation of spermatocytes into spermatids D. Formation of a tail of spermatozoon E. *Growth of spermatocytes 893. In what order the tubules of testis are situated? A. Seminiferous, straight, efferent, rete testis B. Efferent, seminiferous, rete testis, straight C. Rete testis, efferent, seminiferous, straight D. Seminiferous, rete testis, efferent, straight E. *Seminiferous, straight afferent, rete testis, straight efferent 894. In what part of male reproductive system the differentiation of spermatozoa is already finished? A. Straight tubules B. Rete testis C. Efferent tubules D. Ductus defferens E. *Epididymal duct 895. Spermatozoa terminate their matiration in: A. Straight tubules B. Rete testis C. Efferent tubules D. Ductus defferens E. *Epididymal duct 896. In what part of sperm excretory ducts does epithelium contain macrophages, which take control of the quality of sperm? A. Straight ductules B. Efferent ductules C. Ductus deferens D. Epididymal duct E. *Rete testis 897. Which organ of male reproductive system take special control of the quality of sperm? A. Straight ductules B. Efferent ductules C. Prostate gland D. Ductus deferens E. *Rete testis 898. In what phase of spermatogenesis nucleus and cytoplasm of spermatids are changed, which determines the formation of mature germ cells? A. Proliferation B. Maturation C. Growth D. Reproduction E. *Formation 899. Which phase of spermatogenesis shows prominent changes of spermatozoa shape? A. Meiosis B. Maturation C. Growth D. Reproduction E. *Formation 900. At what stage of prophase of the meiosis I do sinapten complexes appear? A. Leptotene B. Zygotene C. Diplotene D. Diakinesis E. *Pachytene 901. At what stage of prophase of the meiosis I maximal spiralisation of chromosomes occure in spermatocytes I? A. Leptotene B. Zygotene C. Diplotene D. Diakinesis E. *Pachytene 902. At what stage of prophase of the meiosis I crossingover take placein spermatocytes I? A. Leptotene B. Pachytene C. Diplotene D. Diakinesis E. *Zygotene 903. At what stage of spermatogenesis residual bodies appear: A. Proliferation B. Maturation C. Growth D. Reproduction E. *Formation 904. At what stage of spermatogenesis spermatogonia are transformed into the preleptotene spermatocyte? A. Proliferation B. Maturation C. Reproduction D. Formation E. *Growth 905. Large round-shaped cells with an oxyphilic cytoplasm lie between seminiferous tubules of testis. What are these cells? A. Supporting cells B. Sustentocytes C. Spermatocytes D. Spermatogonia E. *Glandulocytes 906. Certify testosterone producing cells of testis: A. Spermatocytes B. Spermatids C. Muscle cells of seminiferous tubules wall D. Macrophages E. *Cells of Leydig 907. Male sex hormones are mainly produced by: A. Vas deferens B. Prostate gland C. Seminal vecles D. Bulbourethral glands E. *Testis 908. Male sex hormones are produced by such types of cells: A. * Spermatocytes B. Cells of Leydig C. Spermatids D. Muscle cells of seminiferous tubules wall E. *Cells of zona reticularis 909. Special structural feature of male sex hormone producing cells: A. Numerous mitochondria B. Numerous ribosomes C. Well developed Golgi apparatus D. Rough endoplasmic reticulum E. *Smooth endoplasmic reticulum and lipid inclusions 910. Which inclusions are typical for Leydig cells? A. Mucous B. Protein C. Pigmental D. Excretory E. *Lipid inclusions 911. Which stage of gametogenesis is characterized by prominent changes of nuclei and cytoplasm of cells? A. Maturation B. Growth C. Reproduction D. Proliferation E. *Formation 912. Nuclei and cytoplasm of spermatids are changed most of all at next stage of gametogenesis: A. Maturation B. Fertilization C. Reproduction D. Proliferation E. *Formation 913. Organ has a lot of tubules, whose wall has basal, myoid and fibrous layers, supporting cells and spermatogenic epithelium lie inside. What organ is this? A. Epididymis B. Ductus deferens C. Seminal vesicle D. Prostate gland E. *Testis 914. Primary gametes at first appear in: A. In testis B. In entoderm of yolk sack C. In the sexual humps D. In urogenital sinuses E. *In the primitive streak of embryo 915. Semen of patient has no spermatozoa. What structure of testis has been damaged? A. Straight tubules B. Rete testis C. Afferent tubules D. Efferent tubules E. *Seminiferous tubules 916. Speaking about seminiferous tubules everything is correct except of: A. There are from one up to four tubules in each lobe of testis B. Opened in straight tubules C. There is a spermatogenic epithelium on a basement membrane D. There is interstitium with the Leydig cells between tubules E. *Have circular layer of smooth myocytes from outside 917. Spermatogenic cells during gametogenesis are arranged in special histologic structure: A. Symplast B. Symbiosis C. Synapsis D. Megacytoplazmion E. *Syncitium 918. Spermatogony enter the stage of reproduction: A. In the wall of yolk sack B. After a contact with the Sertoli cells C. After the dropping of testis into a scrotum D. In a period from birth to puberty E. *With the beginning of pubertation 919. Sustentocytes of seminiferous tubules originate from: A. Gonoblast B. Germinative epithelium of sexual cords C. Epithelium of the primary kidney duct D. Epithelium of the terminal kidney duct E. *Mesenchima of indifferent sexual gland 920. Smooth myocytes of seminiferous tubules originate from: A. Gonoblast B. Germinative epithelium of sexual cords C. Epithelium of the primary kidney duct D. Epithelium of the terminal kidney duct E. *Mesenchima of indifferent sexual gland 921. Testosteronee secretion is regulated by: A. Lutropin B. Oxitocin C. Antidiuretic hormone D. Prolactin E. *Follicle stimulying hormone 922. Testosteronee stimulates: A. Spermatogenesis B. Secretion of the prostate secretory cells C. Secretion of the seminal vesicles secretory cells D. Growth E. *Development of the secondary sexual signs 923. Main function of testosteronee is: A. Spermatogenesis B. Secretion of the prostatic juice C. Secretion of the seminal vesicles D. Growth E. *Development of the secondary sexual signs 924. Epithelium of which type was damaged in the rete testis as a result of mechanical trauma of the scrotum? A. Ciliated B. Simple columnar C. Germinal D. Transitional E. *Simple cuboidal 925. Epithelium of which type lines rete testis? A. Urothelium B. Simple cuboidal C. Germinal D. Transitional E. *Simple cuboidal 926. Endocrine regulation of spermatogenesis is made by: A. Testosteronee B. Lutropin C. Testosteronee D. Progesteron E. *Follicle stimulating hormone 927. Which structure of spermatozoon contains tripsine-like enzymes? A. Mitochondrial sheath B. Neck C. Hyaloplasm D. Nucleus E. *Acrosome 928. Usual place of tripsine-like enzymes maturation in acrosome of spermatozoon is: A. Testis B. Rete testis C. Vas deferens D. Prostate gland E. *Epididumal duct 929. Leydig cells are located in: A. Penis B. Prostate gland C. Seminal vesicles D. Straight tubules E. *Connectve tissue of testis, epididymis 930. Parenchyma of epididymis body and tail is formed by: A. Efferent tubules B. Ductus deferens C. Seminiferous tubules D. Straight tubules E. *Epididymal duct 931. Parenchyma of head of epididymis is formed by: A. Efferent tubules B. Ductus deferens C. Seminiferous tubules D. Epididymal duct E. *Straight efferent tubules 932. How does head of epididymis originate? A. Ductus deferens is twisted B. Seminiferous tubules fuse C. Straight tubules are twisted D. Epididymal duct alongates E. *Efferent tubules merge in order 933. The parenchyma of prostate gland is formed by: A. Excretory ducts of these glands B. Connective tissue capsule C. Bundles of smooth muscle cells D. Leydig cells E. *30-50 separated and branched tubular-alveolar glands 934. Inflammation of testis may violate the production of spermatocytes in next structure: A. Rete testis B. Ductuli recti C. Ductuli efferentes testis D. Ductus epididimidis E. *Ductuli seminiferi contorti 935. The stage of maturation in spermatogenesis begins with: A. Reduction division of spermatogonias B. Mitotic division of spermatogonia C. Meiotic division of spermatocytes D. Mitotic division of spermatocytes E. *Reduction division of spermatocytes 936. The stage of reproduction in spermatogenesis means: A. Reduction division of spermatocytes B. Reduction division of spermatogonias C. Meiotic division of spermatocytes D. Mitotic division of spermatocytes E. *Mitotic divisions of spermatogonia 937. The stage of maturation in spermatogenesis begins with: A. Reduction division of spermatogonias B. Mitotic division of spermatogonia C. Meiotic division of spermatocytes D. Mitotic division of spermatocytes E. * Reduction division of spermatocytes 938. Zone of Sertoli cells tight junctions divides spermatogenic epithelium into two layers: A. Basal and apical B. Deep and superficial C. Spermatogenic and non spermatogenic D. Right and left E. *Basal and adluminal 939. There are three zones of urethra depending on the features of epithelium structure. Please, name them. A. Ejaculatory, prostatic, spongy B. Cavernous, spongy, prepucial C. Superior, middle, inferior D. Prostatic, intermediate, skin E. *Prostatic, membranous, cavernous 940. To the external additional organs of the male reproductive system belongs: A. Prostate B. Testis C. Seminal vesicles D. Sperm excretory ways E. *Penis 941. To the male sex glands belongs: A. Prostate gland B. Seminal vesicles C. Bulbo-urethral glands D. Penis E. *Testis 942. What is main structural component of spermatozoon tail? A. Acrosome B. Mitochondrial sheath C. Proximal centriole D. Nucleus E. *Axonema (axial filament) 943. What are the tunices of ductus deferens wall? A. Mucosa, muscle, serosa B. Mucosa, submucosa, muscle, adventitia C. Mucosa, muscular-elastic, serosa D. Mucosa, muscle, fibrosa E. *Mucosa, muscle, adventitia 944. What are the tunices of epididymal duct? A. Mucosa, muscle, serosa B. Mucosa, submucosa, muscle, adventitia C. Mucosa, muscular-elastic, serosa D. Muscle, mucosa, fibrosa E. *Mucosa, muscle, adventitia 945. What are the tunices of urethra wall in cavernosus part? A. Mucosa, submucosa, serosa B. Mucosa, muscle, adventitia C. Mucosa, submucosa, muscle D. Mucosa, submucosa, adventitia E. *Mucosa, submucosa, fibrosa, adventitia 946. What are the tunices of urethra wall in pars membranacea? A. Mucosa, submucosa, serosa B. Mucosa, submucosa, muscle C. Mucosa, submucosa, fibrosa, adventitia D. Mucosa, submucosa, adventitia E. *Mucosa, muscle, adventitia 947. What cells of male sex glands usually promote the number of spermatozoa by their division? A. Sertoli cells B. Sustentocytes C. Supporting cells D. Leydig cells E. *Spermatogonia 948. What cells of testis are producing ingibin, which depress a follicle stimulating function of hypophysis in the postnatal period of a man development? A. Sustentocytes B. Muscle cells C. Spermatogenic cells D. Fibroblastic cells E. *Glandulocytes 949. What embryonic source does connective tissue of testis originate from? A. onoblasts B. Epithelium of sexual cords C. Tubules of primary kidney D. Mesenchima of primary kidney E. *Mesenchyma of indifferent gonads 950. What function is not special for sustentocytes? A. Create microenvironment for the differentiation of gametes B. Protection of gametes from toxins and antigens C. Fagocytosis of abnormal and degenerative gametes D. Take part in the formation of hematotesticular barrier E. *Synthesis of testosterone 951. What function is typical for sustentocytes? A. Create alkaline medium B. Synthesis of testosterone C. Protection of abnormal and degenerative gametes D. Transmembrane transport E. *Create microenvironment for the differentiation of gametes 952. What function is typical for sustentocytes? A. Create alkaline medium B. Synthesis of testosterone C. Protection of abnormal and degenerative gametes D. Transmembrane transport E. *Protection of gametes from toxins and antigens 953. What function is typical for sustentocytes? A. Create alkaline medium B. Synthesis of testosterone C. Protection of abnormal and degenerative gametes D. Transmembrane transport E. *Fagocytosis of abnormal and degenerative gametes 954. What function is typical for sustentocytes? A. Create alkaline medium B. Synthesis of testosterone C. Protection of abnormal and degenerative gametes D. Transmembrane transport E. *Take part in the formation of hematotesticular barrier 955. Secret of what glands promotes an alkaline environment of sperm and increases activity of spermatozoa? A. Prostate gland B. Testis C. Bulbo-urethral glands D. Prepucial glands of a penis E. *Seminal vesicles 956. What hormone is mostly produced by endocrine cells of testis? A. Follicle stimulating B. Luteinizing C. Prostaglandins D. Progesteron E. *Testosterone 957. What hormone of hypophysis controls the proliferation of spermatogonia? A. Thyrotroihc B. Somatotrophic (growth) C. Adrenocorticotrophic D. Luteinizing E. *Follicle stimulating 958. What hormone of hypophysis controls endocrine function of testis? A. Follicle stimulating B. Thyrotroihc C. Somatotrophic (growth) D. Adrenocorticotrophic E. *Luteinizing 959. What are target cells for luteinizing hormone in testis? A. Sertoli cells B. Sustentocytes C. Supporting cells D. Spermatogonia E. *Leydig cells 960. What is chromosomal set of human spermatozoon? A. Diploid B. Polyploid C. Triploid D. Tetraploid E. *Haploid 961. Which spermatogenic cells are situated in the adluminal layer of seminiferous tubules of testis? A. Spermatogonia B. Spermatocytes C. Leydig cells D. Sertolli cells E. *Spermatids and spermatozoa 962. What is the main function of Leydig cells? A. Protective B. Supportive C. Trophic D. Exretory E. *Incretory (endocrine) 963. What is the order of spermatogenesis phases in testis? A. Maturation, reproduction, growth, formation B. Growth, maturation, reproduction, formation C. Formation, maturation, reproduction D. Reproduction, maturation, growth, formation E. *Reproduction, growth, maturation, formation 964. What is the embryonic source of spermatogonia and ovogonia development? A. Celomic epithelium of indifferent sexual gland B. Mesenchima of indifferent sexual gland C. Epithelium of the primary renal tubuli D. Epithelium of the terminal renal tubuli E. *Gonocytoblasts 965. What layers does the wall of seminiferous tubule have? A. Epithelium, lamina propria, muscle B. Connective tissue, fibrous, myoid C. Endothelium, subendothelium, muscle D. Reticular, basal, connective tissue E. *Basal, myoid, fibrous 966. Wall of seminiferous tubule has next layers: A. Epithelium, basement membrane, lamina propria, B. Connective tissue, fibrous, myoid C. Endothelium, subendothelium, muscle D. Reticular, basal, connective tissue E. *Basal, myoid, fibrous 967. What organell does acrosome of spermatozoon originate from? A. Granular endoplazmic reticulum B. Complex of Golgi C. Agranular endoplazmic reticulum D. Lyzosomes E. *Peroxisomes 968. What organell does tail of spermatozoon originate from? A. Granular endoplazmic reticulum B. Complex of Golgi C. Agranular endoplazmic reticulum D. Lyzosomes E. *Flagella 969. What statement is most special for Leydig cells? A. Situated in basale layer between Sertoli cells B. Produce testosterone C. Contains secretory granules D. Small basophilic cells E. *Have receptors for lutropin 970. What staiment is typical for Leydig cells? A. Neutral B. Polichromatophilic C. Neutrophilic D. Basophilic E. *Oxyphilic 971. What statement is special for Sertoli cells? A. Belong to spermatogenic epithelium B. Have receptors for folitropin C. Perform trophic function 972. 973. 974. 975. 976. 977. 978. 979. D. Synthesize prostaglandins E. *Cells of mesenchymal origin What statement is special for Sertoli cells? A. Belong to spermatogenic epithelium B. Have receptors of folitropin C. Perform trophic function D. Synthesize testosterone E. *Cells arranged in syncitium What statements are special for spermatids? A. Cells which pass through prophase of meiosis B. Have a diploid number of chromosomes C. Cells, which completed stage of formation D. Cells, which appear as a result of meiosis I E. *Cells that were formed after meiosis II What statement is special for spermatocytes I? A. Have haploid number of chromosomes B. Cells that were formed after meiosis II, C. Cells, which completed the formation stage D. Cells, which appear as a result of meiosis I E. *Cells pass through prophase of meiosis What statement is special for spermatocytes II? A. Cells pass through prophase of meiosis B. Have a diploid number of chromosomes C. Cells that were formed after meiosis II D. Cells, which completed the formation stage E. *Cells, which appear as a result of meiosis I What statement is special for spermatozoa? A. Cells pass through prophase of meiosis B. Have a diploid number of chromosomes C. * Cells that were formed after meiosis II have haploid number of chromosomes D. Cells which appear as a result of meiosis I E. *Cells which completed the formation stage What statements are special for spermatogonia? A. Cells pass through prophase of meiosis B. Cells that were formed after meiosis II C. Cells, which completed the formation stage D. Cells, which appear as a result of meiosis I E. *Mitotically dividing cells with diploid number of chromosomes What structural component is disposed in the neck of spermatozoon? A. Axonema (axial filament) B. Acrosome C. Mitochondrial sheath D. Nucleus E. *Proximal centriole What does neck of spermatozoon contain? A. Axial filament B. Acrosome C. Mitochondrial sheath D. Nucleus E. *Proximal centriole 980. What structural component is disposed in the principal part of spermatozoon tail? A. Axonema (axial filament) B. Acrosome C. Proximal centriole D. Nucleus E. *Mitochondrial sheath 981. What structure of prostate gland prevents the rephluxe of sperm into urinary bladder during ejaculation? A. Prostate duct B. Prostasomes C. Prostatic concrecias D. Sphincter E. *Seminal tuberculum 982. What structures appear as a result of differentiation of sexual cords of the primary kidney? A. Epididymal duct B. Ductus deferens C. Ejaculatory duct D. Urethra E. *Tubules of testis 983. Differentiation of sexual cords of primary kidney results in appearance of: A. Epididymal duct B. Ductus deferens C. Prostate gland D. Urethra E. *Seminiferous tubules of testis 984. What structures do not belong to the sperm excretory ways? A. Ejaculatory duct B. Efferent tubules C. Epididymis tubules D. Straight tubules E. *Seminiferous tubules 985. What structures lie in submucosa of urethra? A. Glands of protein type B. Sweat-glands C. Prepucial oil glands D. Bulbo-urethral glands E. *Littre’s mucosal glands 986. Which cells are disposed in basal layer of seminiferous tubules of testis? A. Macrophages B. Spermatids C. Spermatozoa D. Leydig cells E. Spermatogonia 987. Which cells of male sex gland are producing testosterone? A. Sustentocytes B. Sertoli cells C. Supporting cells D. Spermatozoa E. *Cells of Leydig 988. Which organ of male reproductive system is secreting prostaglandines? A. Testis B. Seminal vesicles C. Bulbo-urethral glands D. Prepucial glands of a penis E. *Prostate gland 989. Which organs of male reproductive system have epithelial cells with stereocilia? A. Seminal vesicles B. Prostate gland C. Seminiferous tubules D. Urethra E. *Ejaculatory duct 990. Which organs of male reproductive system have epithelial cells with stereocilia? A. Seminal vesicles B. Prostate gland C. Seminiferous tubules D. Urethra E. *Epididymal duct 991. Which process occurs in spermatogenesis at the stage of reproduction? A. Reduction division of spermatocytes B. Reduction division of spermatogonia C. Meiotic division of spermatocytes D. Mitotic division of spermatocytes E. *Mitotic divisions of spermatogonia 992. What is the type of ovarial follicle with 1 layer of flat follicular cells? A. Secondary follicle B. Mature follicle C. Atretic follicle D. Primary follicle E. *Primordial follicle 993. What is the type of ovarial follicle with 1-2 layers of cuboidal follicular cells? A. Primordial follicle B. Secondary follicle C. Mature follicle D. Atretic follicle E. *Primary follicle 994. What is the type of ovarial follicle with a lot of follicular cells and space inside? A. Primordial follicle B. Mature follicle C. Atretic follicle D. Primary follicle E. *Secondary follicle 995. What is the shape of follicular cells which surround oocyte in primordial follicle? A. Cuboidal B. Columnar C. Hexagonal D. Stellate E. *Flat 996. What is the shape of follicular cells which surround oocyte in primary follicle? A. Columnar B. Hexagonal C. Stellate D. Flat E. *Cuboidal 997. What is the shape of follicular cells which surround oocyte in secondary follicle? A. Hexagonal B. Stellate C. Flat D. Cuboidal E. *Columnar 998. What does primordial follicle consist of? A. Oocyte and stellate follicular cells B. Oocyte and columnar follicular cells C. Follicle with space and oocyte D. Maltilayered follicle with space and oocyte on cumulus oophorus E. *Oocyte and flat follicular cells 999. What does primary follicle consist of? A. Oocyte and stellate follicular cells B. Follicle with space and oocyte C. Maltilayered follicle with space and oocyte on cumulus oophorus D. Oocyte and flat follicular cells E. *Oocyte and columnar follicular cells 1000. What does secondary follicle consist of? A. Oocyte and stellate follicular cells B. Oocyte and columnar follicular cells C. Maltilayered follicle with space and oocyte on cumulus oophorus D. Oocyte and flat follicular cells E. *Follicle with space and oocyte 1001. What does tertiary (mature) follicle consist of? A. Oocyte and stellate follicular cells B. Oocyte and columnar follicular cells C. Follicle with space and oocyte D. Oocyte and flat follicular cells E. *Multilayered follicle with antrum and oocyte on cumulus oophorus 1002. What is the name of structure on which oocyte is disposed in mature follicle of ovary? A. Corpus luteum B. Theca externa C. Corpus albicans D. Theca interna E. *Cumulus oophorus 1003. What does wall of Graafian follicle consist of? A. Fibrosa B. Connective tissue C. Epithelium D. Follicular cells E. *Granulosa cells and theca (interna and externa) 1004. Which layers of Graafian follicle theca do you know? A. Layers of granulosa cells B. Theca media and externa C. Theca interna and media D. Theca interna, media and externa E. *Theca interna and externa 1005. What does theca interna of Graafian follicle wall consist of? A. Loose connective tissue B. Dense connective tissue C. Secretory tissue D. Muscular tissue E. *Vascularized connective tissue 1006. What does theca externa wall of Graafian follicle consist of? A. Loose connective tissue B. Dense connective tissue C. Secretory tissue D. Muscular tissue E. *Fibrous layer of connective tissue 1007. Certify cells of Graafian follicle theca: A. Fibrocytes B. Granulosa cells C. Luteocytes D. Secretory cells E. *Thecocytes 1008. Which cells does corpus luteum of ovary consist of? A. Fibrocytes B. Granulosa cells C. Secretory cells D. Thecocytes E. *Luteocytes 1009. Which types of corpus luteum cells (luteocytes do you know? A. Fibrocytes and fibroblasts B. Myocytes and fibrocytes C. Luteocytes and Myocytes D. Secretory cells and resting cells E. *Granulosa lutein cells and theca lutein cells 1010. Estrogens level in female blood is higher. Which structures of ovary are producing them? A. Atretic follicles B. Corpus luteum C. Corpus albicans D. Atretic bodies E. *Maturing follicles 1011. Oval structures with remnant of zona pellucida inside are disposed in the cortex of ovary. What are these structures? A. Corpus luteum B. Primordial follicles C. Maturing follicles D. Corpus albicans E. *Atretic follicles 1012. What is the main difference between corpus albicans and atretic follicle? A. Corpus has no blood vessels B. Atretic follicle lies in cortex C. Corpus albicans contains zona pellucida D. Corpus albicans has connective tissue E. *Atretic follicle contains zona pellucida 1013. As a result of chronical inflammation tunica albuginea of ovary is thicker and stronger. What does it result in? A. Blockage of ovogenesis B. Decrease of progesterone synthesis C. Decrease of estrogens synthesis D. Follicles will not develop E. *Blockage of ovulation (anovulatory cycles) 1014. Which structures of ovary are producing estrogens? A. Atretic follicles B. Corpus luteum C. Corpus albicans D. Atretic bodies E. *Tecocytes of maturing follicles 1015. Yellowish structure is disposed in the cortex of histological specimen of ovary. What is this structure? A. Atretic follicle B. Corpus albicans C. Maturing follicle D. Atretic body E. *Corpus luteum 1016. Large follicle with distinct theca in the wall is disposed under tunica albuginea of ovary. What is this follicle? A. Atretic follicle B. Corpus luteum C. Corpus albicans D. Atretic body E. *Mature follicle 1017. Name of large follicle with distinct theca in the wall under tunica albuginea of ovary is: A. Atretic follicle B. Corpus luteum C. Corpus albicans D. Atretic body E. Graafian follicle 1018. Which tunica surrounds ovary? A. Adventitia B. Delicate C. Mucosa D. Atretic E. *Tunica albuginea 1019. What tissue does tunica albuginea of ovary consist of? A. Muscular tissue B. Loose connective tissue C. Epithelial tissue D. Follicular tissue E. *Dense connective tissue 1020. What tissue covers tunica albuginea of ovary over the surface? A. Muscular tissue B. Loose connective tissue C. Follicular tissue D. Dense connective tissue E. *Simple squamous epithelium 1021. Progesterone is produced by: A. Ovarial follicles B. Anterior pituitary C. Atretic follicles D. Atretic bodies E. *Corpus luteum 1022. What does corpus luteum secret? A. Ovarial hormones B. Growth hormone C. Insulin-like hormone D. Luteinizing hormone E. *Progesterone 1023. Which structure of ovary is responsible for increase of progesterone level in female blood? 1024. 1025. 1026. 1027. 1028. 1029. 1030. A. Atretic follicle B. Corpus albicans C. Atretic body D. Maturing follicle E. *Corpus luteum Cambial cells of endometrium are disposed: A. In the neck of crypts B. In the body of crypts C. In lamina propria D. In lining epithelium E. *In the bottom of uterine glands Corpus luteum of ovary mainly consists of: A. Blood vessels B. Fibroblasts C. Tecocytes D. Granulosa cells E. *Luteocytes Endometrium has next functional layers: A. thin and thick B. regular and irregular C. smooth and rough D. full and partial E. *functional and basal Epithelium of which type covers endometrium: A. stratified squamous nonkeratinized B. stratified squamous keratinized C. transitional D. germinative E. *simple ciliated What does wall of uterus consist of? A. Epithelium and lamina propria B. myometrium and perimetrium C. perimetrium and endometrium D. parametrium andperimetrium E. *endometrium, myometrium and perimetrium What is innermost tunica of uterus? A. perimetrium B. myometrium C. parametrium D. adventitia E. *endometrium What is middle tunica of uterus? A. perimetrium B. parametrium C. adventitia D. endometrium E. *myometrium 1031. What is outer tunica of uterus? A. myometrium B. parametrium C. adventitia D. endometrium E. *perimetrium 1032. Location of decidual cells in the wall of uterus? A. epithelium B. myometrium C. perimetrium D. parametrium E. *lamina propria 1033. Vaginal epithelium consists of next layers: A. lower and upper B. basal and superfitial C. stratum basale, spinosum, granulosum D. cuboidal and squamous E. *basal, parabasal and superficial 1034. Vaginal mucosa is lined with: A. simple columnar ciliated epithelium B. simple squamous epithelium C. transitional epithelium D. germinative epithelium E. *stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium 1035. What does contractability of uterus depend on? A. ntidiuretic hormone B. follicle stimulying hormone C. luteinizing hormone D. luliberin E. *oxytocin 1036. Which tissue mainly promotes regeneration of uterine wall after the operation of cesarian section? A. smooth myocytes B. sceletal muscular C. abnormal D. myoepithelial cells E. *connective tissue 1037. Which tunics are present in the wall of uterine tube? A. functional and basal B. mucosa, serosa C. mucosa, muscular D. mucosa, submucosa, muscular, adventitia E. *mucosa, muscular, serosa 1038. Which type of glands does endometrium contain? A. simple alveolar glands B. compound tubular glands C. serous D. branched alveolar E. *uterine crypts 1039. Certify tunics of the uterus. A. mucosa, adventitia B. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, adventitia C. mucosa, muscularis, adventitia D. mucosa, submucosa, serosa E. *endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium 1040. Which hormone may correct insufficiency of uterine contractile activity? A. prostaglandine B. testosterone C. inhibin D. progesterone E. *oxytocin 1041. Low level of progesterone and estrogens is typical for next stage of menstrual cycle: A. premenstrual B. postmenstrual (regeneration) C. postmenstrual (prolipheration) D. resting period E. *menstrual 1042. As a result of chronicle inflammation, tunica albuginea of both ovaries of woman is thick and dense. What may it result in? A. disorders of ovogenesis B. decrease of estrogens C. decrease of progesterone D. tubal pregnancy E. *anovulatory cycles 1043. Woman has anovulatory menstrual cycles. Which process does not occur in such situation? A. reconstruction of follicle after oocyte is dying B. proliferation of granulose cells C. accumulation of lutein by follicular cells D. decrease of mature follicle size E. *ovulation (rupture of follicle and release of oocyte into peritoneal cavity) 1044. Mature follicles were revealed in ovarian cortex. At which stage of ovogenesis are they produced? A. small growth B. maturation C. reproduction D. formation E. *large growth 1045. What is the type of follicle which has oocyte with oxyphilic reddish tunica and 1-2 layers of cuboidal follicular cells around it. ? A. primordial B. secondary C. mature D. atretic E. *primary 1046. Which hormone insufficiency may cause problem of breast feeding of baby (secretion of milk by lactocytes is not violated)? A. follicle stimulating hormone B. lutropin C. prolactin D. gonadocrinin E. *oxytocin 1047. What stage of menstrual-ovarian cycle is characterized with hyperemy of ovary, large follicle with thin wall which protrudes over the surface?. A. premenstrual B. menstrual C. resting period D. ovulation E. *preovulatory 1048. Endometrium is edematous, coiled uterine glands are crowded with viscous secret. Which hormone causes these changes in endometrium? A. estrogens B. testosterone C. growth hormone D. ACTH E. *progesterone 1049. What hormone does insufficiency of uterine contractile activity depend on? A. hydrocortisone B. estrogen C. aldosteron D. progesterone E. *xytocin 1050. Disorders of which pituitary hormone may cause irregular menstrualovarian cycle? A. thyrotrophic B. prolactin C. growth hormone D. ACTH E. *luteinizing 1051. 1st stage of corpus luteum development A. glandular metamorphosis B. secretion C. involution D. regeneration E. *vascularisation 1052. 2nd stage of corpus luteum development A. vascularisation B. secretion C. involution D. regeneration E. *glandular metamorphosis 1053. 3rd stage of corpus luteum development A. vascularisation B. glandular metamorphosis C. involution D. regeneration E. *secretion 1054. Endometrium of infertile women has significant changes which were caused by progesterone. What is it produced by? A. hypothalamus B. ovarian follicles C. adenohypophysis D. neurohypophysis E. *corpus luteum of ovary 1055. At which stage of menstrual cycle endometrial stroma has very few undifferentiated cells? A. premenstrual B. postmenstrual (regeneration) C. postmenstrual (proliferation) D. resting period E. *menstrual 1056. Hyperemic female ovary has large follicle with thin wall. Permeability of hemato-follicular barrier is high. What stage of menstrual-ovarian cycle is it typical for? A. premenstrual B. menstrual C. resting period D. ovulation E. *preovulatory 1057. In the specimen of ovary it is seen round structure which contains glandulocytes with lipid droplets. What is this structure? A. primordial follicle B. primary follicle C. mature follicle D. atretic body E. *corpus luteum 1058. Which component of uterine wall is responsible for bleeding stop after parturition (labor) most of all? A. functional layer of endometrium B. basal layer of endometrium C. perimetrium D. submucosa E. *myometrium middle layer 1059. Impassabilityof uterine tubes may appear because of adhesions. Which tissue they consist of? A. epithelial B. smooth muscular C. dense connective regular D. dense connective irregular E. *oose connective 1060. Lamina propria of uterus contains large polygonal cells rich with lipids and glycogen. What are these cells? A. smooth myocytes B. endothelium of damaged vessels C. myofibroblasts D. fibroblasts E. *decidual cells 1061. Which stage of menstrual cycle is characterized with edema and thickening of endometrium, and presence of a lot of coiled wide glands which produce mucous? A. menstrual B. regeneration C. prolipheration D. resting period E. *secretory 1062. Which stage of menstrual cycle is characterized with high level of progesterone and low one of estrogens? A. menstrual B. postmenstrual (regeneration) C. postmenstrual (prolipheration) D. resting period E. *premenstrual 1063. Alveoli of mammary gland consist of: A. lactocytes B. adipocytes C. fibroblasts D. myocytes E. *lactocytes and myoepithelial cells 1064. Anovulatory ovarian cycle means: A. development of corpus luteum B. development of follicles C. development of corpus albicans D. atretic follicle development E. *absence of ovulation 1065. What hypothalamic hormone insufficiency may cause low contractility of uterus in labor? A. antidiuretic hormone B. follicle stimulying hormone C. luteinizing hormone D. luliberin E. oxytocin 1066. Corpus luteum secretion in ovarial cycle is regulated by: A. estrogenes B. progesterone C. luteinizing hormone D. follicle stimulying hormone E. *lutropin 1067. Epithelium of which type covers the vaginal mucosa? A. simple columnar ciliated B. simple squamous C. transitional D. germinative E. *stratified squamous nonkeratinized 1068. Epithelium of which type does uterine tube mucosa have? A. simple squamous B. transitional C. germinative D. stratified squamous nonkeratinized E. *simple columnar ciliated 1069. Epithelium of which type covers ectocervix (outer surface) of uterus? A. simple ciliated B. simple squamous C. transitional D. germinative E. *stratified squamous nonkeratinized 1070. Epithelium of which type covers endocervix (inner surface of cervix) of uterus? A. stratified squamous nonkeratinized B. simple squamous C. transitional D. germinative E. *simple ciliated 1071. First stage of menstrual cycle: A. postmenstrual B. premenstrual C. early D. late E. *menstrual 1072. Follicular stage of ovarial cycle is regulated by: A. estrogenes B. progesterone C. luteinizing hormone D. growth hormone E. *follicle stimulying hormone 1073. Follicular stage of ovarian cycle is characterized by: A. development of corpus luteum B. ovulation C. development of corpus albicans D. atretic follicle development E. *development of follicles 1074. Histological changes of uterine mucosa in menstrual stage A. prolipheration of epithelium B. secretion of crypts C. prolipheration and bleeding D. secretion and bleeding E. *desquamation and bleeding 1075. Histological changes of uterine mucosa in postmenstrual stage A. desquamation and bleeding B. secretion of crypts C. prolipheration and bleeding D. secretion and bleeding E. *prolipheration of epithelium 1076. Histological changes of uterine mucosa in premenstrual stage A. desquamation and bleeding B. prolipheration of epithelium C. prolipheration and bleeding D. secretion and bleeding E. *secretion of crypts 1077. How does the space of uterine tube look-like? A. round-shaped B. flattened C. rectangular D. stellate E. *labyrinth-like 1078. How does the uterine gland look-like in postmenstrual stage A. straight B. coiled C. coiled with a lot of mucus D. absent E. *damaged 1079. How does the uterine gland look-like in premenstrual stage A. straight B. coiled C. absent D. damaged E. *coiled with a lot of mucus 1080. How many layers are there in the myometrium? A. 1 layer of skeletal muscular tissue B. 2 layers of skeletal muscular tissue C. 1 layer of smooth muscular tissue D. 2 layers of smooth muscular tissue E. *3 layers of smooth muscular tissue 1081. In artificial abortion uterine mucosa was radically deleted. What may it lead to? A. uterine glands will not regenerate B. blood supply disorders C. inflammation of mucosa D. disorders of innervation E. *regeneration of endometrium will be impossible 1082. Uterine mucosa is edematous, glands are coiled, filled with thick secret. What hormone causes such changes of endometrium? A. estrogens B. testosterone C. growth hormone D. AKTG E. *progesterone 1083. Certify epithelium of uterine mucosa: A. stratified squamous nonkeratinized B. urothelium C. transitional D. germinative E. *simple ciliated 1084. Certify epithelium of uterine tube mucosa: A. simple squamous B. transitional C. germinative D. stratified nonkeratinized E. *simple columnar ciliated 1085. Certify epithelium of vaginal mucosa: A. simple ciliated B. simple squamous C. transitional D. urothelium E. *stratified squamous nonkeratinised 1086. Inner surface of uterine cervix is covered by: A. stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithgelium B. simple squamous epithgelium C. transitional epithgelium D. germinative epithgelium E. *simple columnar ciliated epithgelium 1087. Innermost layer of myometrium: A. vascular B. epivascular C. circular D. longitudinal E. *submucosal 1088. Layers of myometrium are the next: A. mucosal and submucosal B. central and peripheral C. deep and superfitial D. circular and longitudinal E. *submucosal, vascular and epivascular 1089. Location of cambial cells which are responsible for the regeneration of endometrium: A. in the neck of crypts B. in the body of crypts C. in lamina propria D. in ciliated epithelium E. *in the bottom of uterine glands 1090. Lutein stage of ovarian cycle is characterized by: A. ovulation B. development of corpus albicans C. development of follicles D. atretic follicle development E. *development of corpus luteum 1091. Menstrual cycle mainly means periodic changes of: A. myometrium B. perimetrium C. parametrium D. cervix E. *endometrium 1092. Menstrual stage of menstrual cycle depends on: A. estrogenes B. progesterone C. luteinizing hormone D. folliclestimulying hormone E. *sharp decrease of progesterone 1093. Middle layer of myometrium: A. submucosal B. epivascular C. circular D. longitudinal E. *vascular 1094. Most typical feature of atretic follicle: A. connective tissue B. blood vessels C. smooth myocytes D. granulosa cells E. *remnant of oocyte zona pellucida 1095. Outer layer of myometrium: A. submucosal B. vascular C. circular D. longitudinal E. *epivascular 1096. Outer surface of uterine cervix is covered by: A. simple squamous epithelium B. transitional epithelium 1097. 1098. 1099. 1100. 1101. 1102. 1103. 1104. C. germinative epithelium D. simple columnar ciliated epithelium E. *stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium Ovarian cycle means periodic changes of: A. uterine tube B. endometrium C. myometrium D. perimetrium E. *ovary Ovulation of ovarian follicle depends on: A. estrogenes B. progesterone C. luteinizing hormone D. folliclestimulying hormone E. *lutropin Ovulatory stage of ovarian cycle is characterized by: A. development of corpus luteum B. development of corpus albicans C. development of follicles D. atretic follicle development E. * ovulation Perimetrium is made of: A. adventitia B. muscular tissue C. connective tissue D. epithelial tissue E. *serosa Postmenstrual stage of menstrual cycle is regulated by: A. progesterone B. luteinizing hormone C. folliclestimulying hormone D. sharp decrease of progesterone E. *estrogenes Premenstrual stage of menstrual cycle is regulated by: A. estrogenes B. luteinizing hormone C. folliclestimulying hormone D. sharp decrease of progesterone E. *progesterone Second stage of menstrual cycle: A. menstrua B. premenstrual C. early D. late E. *postmenstrual Special feature of epithelial cells of vagina: A. large cells 1105. 1106. 1107. 1108. 1109. 1110. 1111. 1112. B. small cells C. a lot of layers D. mucus producing cells E. *glycogen and lipid inclusions Special feature of smooth myocytes of myometrium: A. are oval shaped B. have myofibrils C. have striations D. multinucleated E. *have processes Specific feature of blood vessels in functional layer of endometrium: A. capillaries are absent B. there no lymphatics C. veins are nonmuscular D. a lot of anastomoses E. *arteries are tortuous Stages of corpus luteum development in order: A. vascularisation, glandular metamorphosis B. glandular metamorphosis, secretion, involution C. vascularisation, secretion, involution D. vascularisation, glandular metamorphosis, involution E. *vascularisation, glandular metamorphosis, secretion, involution Staiment of decidual cells of endometrium is: A. basophilic B. neutrophilic C. metachromaphilic D. polichromaphilic E. *acidophilic Structural unit of the mammary gland: A. lobule B. cord C. follicle D. islet E. acinus Third stage of menstrual cycle: A. menstrual B. postmenstrual C. early D. late E. *premenstrual Total destruction of uterine mucosa in artificial abortion may cause: A. uterine glands will not regenerate B. disorders of blood supply C. inflammation of mucosa D. disorders of innervation E. *impossibility of endometrium regeneration Uterine glands belong to the next type of glands 1113. 1114. 1115. 1116. 1117. 1118. 1119. A. simple alveolar B. compound alveolar C. compound tubular D. mixed E. *simple tubular Uterine tube layers are the next: A. mucosa, serosa B. mucosa, muscular C. functional and basal D. mucosa, muscular, submucosa, adventitia E. *mucosa, muscular, serosa Uterine tube mucosa layers are the next: A. epithelium, serosa B. lamina propria, muscular C. functional and basal D. mucosa, muscular, submucosa, adventitia E. *epithelium and lamina propria Wall of the vagina consists of next tunics: A. epithelium, serosa B. lamina propria , muscular C. functional and basal D. mucosa, muscular, submucosa, adventitia E. *mucosa, fibromuscular, adventitia What are the stages of ovarian cycle? A. menstrual, postmenstrual B. postmenstrual, premenstrual C. active, passive D. early, late E. *follicular, ovulation, corpus luteum stage What does acinus of mammary gland consist of? A. secretory portion, intercalated and lmilk duct B. secretory portion, intercalated and striated duct C. secretory portion and excretory duct D. intercalated and milk duct E. *secretory portion and milk duct Which cells does acinus of mammary gland consist of? A. lactocytes, myoepithelial cells B. secretory portion, myoepithelial cells C. intercalated and striated duct cells D. intercalated and milk duct cells E. *lactocytes, myoepithelial cells and intercalated duct cells What does anovulatory cycle result in? A. pregnancy B. twins development C. inflammation D. bleeding E. *infertility 1120. 1121. 1122. 1123. 1124. 1125. 1126. 1127. What does expression of milk is regulated by? A. antidiuretic hormone B. growth hormone C. thyroxin D. prolactin E. *oxytocin What does menstrual cycle mainly mean? A. periodic changes of ovary B. periodic changes of uterine tube C. periodic changes of myometrium D. periodic changes of perimetrium E. *periodic changes of endometrium What does muscular tunic of uterine tube consist of? A. skeletal muscular tissue B. striated tissue C. connective tissue D. epithelial tissue E. *smooth muscular tissue Which layers does muscular tunic of uterine tube consist of? A. 3 layers of smooth myocytes B. 3 layers of skeletal muscles C. 2 layers of skeletal muscles D. 1 layer of smooth myocytes E. *2 layers of smooth myocytes What does myometrium consist of? A. skeletal muscular tissue B. striated muscle C. connective tissue D. epithelial tissue E. *smooth muscular tissue What does ovarian cycle mainly mean? A. periodic changes of uterine tube B. periodic changes of endometrium C. periodic changes of myometrium D. periodic changes of perimetrium E. *periodic changes of ovary What does regeneration of endometrium depend on? A. cambial cells myometrium B. cambial cells of perimetrium C. blood vessels D. decidual cells E. *cambial cells in the bottom of uterine glands What does secretion of milk is regulated by? A. oxytocin B. antidiuretic hormone C. growth hormone D. thyroxin 1128. 1129. 1130. 1131. 1132. 1133. 1134. 1135. E. *prolactin What does secretory portion of mammary gland acinus consist of? A. serocytes B. mucocytes C. serocytes and mucocytes D. seromucocytes E. *lactocytes and myoepithelial cells Name in order uterine wall tunics: A. mucosa, adventitia B. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, adventitia C. mucosa, muscularis, adventitia D. mucosa, submucosa, serosa E. *endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium Wall of uterus consist of next tunics: A. mucosa, adventitia B. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, adventitia C. mucosa, muscularis, adventitia D. mucosa, submucosa, serosa E. *mucosa, muscular, serosa What is biological significance of atretic follicles? A. beginning of forming of mature follicle; B. one of the stages of forming of yellow body; C. progesterone synthesis D. gonadokrinin synthesis E. *estrogenes synthesis Smooth myocytes of myometrium have special shape: A. oval B. cylindrical C. fusiform D. hexagonal E. *with processes What is superficial layer of endometrium? A. submucosal B. epivascular C. basal D. vascular E. *functional What is the deep layer of endometrium? A. functional B. submucosal C. epivascular D. vascular E. *basal First stage of menstrual cycle: A. postmenstrual B. premenstrual C. early D. regeneration E. *menstrual 1136. What is the mode of mammary gland secretion? A. microapocrine B. merocrine C. holocrine D. mixed E. *macroapocrine 1137. What is the outer tunic of uterine tube? A. mucosa B. submucosa C. muscular D. adventitia E. *serosa 1138. What is the principal difference between mammary gland in breast feeding and resting one? A. branched ducts B. lactiferous sinuses C. a lot of myoepithelial cells D. a lot of adipose tissue. E. *well developed secretory portions 1139. What is the reason of menstrual bleeding? A. destruction of basall layer of endometrium B. myometrium destruction destruction C. myometrium contractions D. nervous disorders E. *destruction of functional layer of endometrium 1140. Third stage of menstrual cycle: A. menstrual B. postmenstrual C. regeneration D. late E. *premenstrual 1141. What is the type of mammary gland? A. simple alveolar B. simple tubular C. compound tubular D. mixed E. *compound branched alveolar 1142. Ectocervix of uterus is covered with next type of epithelium: A. simple ciliated B. urothelium C. transitional D. germinative E. * stratified squamous nonkeratinized 1143. Endocervix of uterus covered with next type of epithelium: A. stratified squamous nonkeratinized 1144. of? 1145. 1146. 1147. 1148. 1149. 1150. B. simple squamous C. transitional D. germinative E. *simple columnar What kind of tissue does fibromuscular layer of vagina mainly consist A. loose connective tissue B. skeletal muscular tissue C. dense connective tissue D. elastic tissue E. smooth muscular tissue What kind of tissue does myometrium consist of? A. skeletal muscular B. striated muscular C. connective D. cardiac muscular E. *smooth muscular What kinds of cells are present in the endocervical epithelium of uterus? A. cuboidal B. squamous C. serocytes D. Goblet E. *ciliated and mucus-secreting What uterine layer does react on oxitocin most of all? A. endometrium B. perimetrium C. parametrium D. submucosa E. *myometrium When does ovulation usually occur in ovarial-menstrual cycle? A. 7th day B. 10th day C. 20th day D. 1st day E. *14th day Which tunics do you know in the wall of vagina? A. epithelium, lamina propria, serosa B. muscular, lamina propria C. functional and basal D. mucosa, submucosa, muscular, adventitia E. *mucosa, fibromuscular, adventitia Which cells are responsible for regeneration of endometrium? A. myometrial cambial cells B. myofibroblasts C. cels of coiled blood vessels D. decidual cells E. *cambial cells in the bottom of uterine crypts 1151. 1152. 1153. tube? 1154. 1155. 1156. 1157. 1158. Which cells help to express the milk? A. lactocytes B. fibroblasts C. endocrine cells D. cells of excretory ducts E. *myoepithelial cells Which changes does uterine mucosa undergo in premenstrual stage? A. desquamation and bleeding B. prolipheration of epithelium C. prolipheration and bleeding D. secretion and bleeding E. *crypts are producing mucous Which epithelium is damaged in inflammatory processes of uterine A. simple squamous B. simple cuboidal C. stratified nonkeratinized D. transitional E. *simple columnar ciliated Which fibers are typical for fibromuscular layer of vagina? A. thin collagen B. thick collagen C. muscular D. reticular E. *elastic Endometrium consists of next functional layers: A. vascular and fibrous B. regular and irregular C. smooth and rough D. full and partial E. *functional and basal Certify glands of uterine mucosa? A. alveolar glands B. compound glands C. serous D. mixed E. *uterine crypts Which hormone regulates the secretion of milk in lactation? A. oxytocin B. antidiuretic hormone C. growth hormone D. thyroxin E. *prolactin Which hormones are produced by corpus luteum of ovary? A. estrogenes B. luteinizing hormone C. folliclestimulying hormone 1159. 1160. 1161. of all? 1162. 1163. 1164. 1165. 1166. D. prostaglandins E. *progesterone Which hormones are produced by maturing ovarial follicles? A. progesterone B. luteinizing hormone C. folliclestimulying hormone D. prostaglandins E. *estrogenes Which inclusions are typical for decidual cells of endometrium? A. lipids B. endocrine C. pigmental D. secretory E. *glycogen Which layer of uterine wall undergoes changes in menstrual cycle most A. myometrium B. perimetrium C. parametrium D. cervix E. *endometrium Fallopian tube mucosa has next layers: A. epithelium, muscularis mucosa B. epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa C. lamina propria, muscularis mucosa D. epithelium E. *epithelium, lamina propria Vaginal epithelium has next layers: A. deep and superficial B. basal and superficial C. basale, spinosum, granulosum D. cuboidal and squamous E. *basal, parabasal and superficial Which layers are present in vaginal mucosa in order? A. epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa B. epithelium, muscularis mucosa C. lamina propria, muscularis mucosa D. epithelium E. *epithelium, lamina propria Myometrium consists of next layers: A. mucosal and submucosal B. central and peripheral C. deep and superfitial D. circular and longitudinal E. *submucosal, vascular and epivascular Which tissues does uterine mucosa consist of? A. epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa B. epithelium, muscularis mucosa C. epithelium D. lamina propria, muscularis mucosa E. *epithelium and connective tissue of lamina propria 1167. Which layers does ovoduct mucosa consist of? A. epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa B. epithelium, muscularis mucosa C. lamina propria, muscularis mucosa D. epithelium E. *epithelium, lamina propria 1168. Which special cells are present in lamina propria of uterine mucosa? A. fibroblasts B. macrophages C. myofibroblasts D. must cells E. *decidual cells 1169. Which special cells are present in lamina propria of uterine tube mucosa? A. fibroblasts B. fibrocytes C. myofibroblasts D. must cells E. *decidual cells 1170. Which special cells of uterine tube mucosa may promote tubal pregnancy? A. fibroblasts B. epthelial cells C. myofibroblasts D. must cells E. *decidual cells 1171. Which stages of menstrual cycle do you know? A. menstrual, postmenstrual B. postmenstrual, premenstrual C. active, passive D. early, late E. * menstrual, postmenstrual, premenstrual 1172. Ovarian cycle includes next stages: A. menstrual, postmenstrual, premenstrual B. menstrual, postmenstrual C. postmenstrual, premenstrual D. early, late E. *follicular, ovulatory and luteal 1173. Which structural layers does endometrium consist of? A. epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa B. epithelium, muscularis mucosa C. lamina propria, muscularis mucosa D. epithelium E. *epithelium, lamina propria 1174. Which structural components are responsible for the regeneration of uterine mucosa? A. ciliated cells of uterine mucosa B. secretory cells of uterine mucosa C. uterine glands neck cells D. decidual cells E. *cambial cells in the bottom of crypts 1175. Which tissue does perimetrium consist of? A. nervous B. muscular tissue C. connective tissue D. epithelial tissue E. *connective and mesothelium 1176. Which type of glands uterine crypts belong to? A. Mixed alveolar B. compound branched alveolar C. compound tubular D. mixed E. *simple tubular nonbranched 1177. Which type of regeneration will take place in the wall of uterus after the operation of cesarian section? A. reparative by smooth myocytes B. physiologic by smooth myocytes C. abnormal D. reparative by myoepithelial cells E. *reparative by connective tissue scar 1178. With no ovulation ovarial follicle is transformed in: A. corpus luteum B. corpus albicans C. primary follicle D. secondary follicle E. *atretic follicle Real-life situation tasks 1. Anterior horn of spinal cord is seen in histological specimen. It has motor nuclei. Which cells this nucleui consist of? A. Sensory cells. B. Associative cells. C. Funicular cells. D. Inner cells. E. *Motor radicular cells. 2. Anterior radices of spinal cord of patient are damaged because of trauma. Violation of which organs functions it will result in? A. Sensory 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. B. Brain C. Spinal cord D. Skin E. *Muscles As a result of spinal cord segments C4-Th1 damage functions of sceletal muscles of upper extremities are violated. Which cells are affected? A. Pseudounipolar neurocytes of spinal node B. Multypolar neurons of n. Intermediolateralis. C. Medial nucleus motoneurons of anterior horns of spinal cord. D. Unipolar neurocytes of spinal node E. Motoneurons of anterior horns of spinal cord. At high magnification of microscope it is seen that the bodies of pseudounipolar neurons of spinal ganglion are surrounded by small cells with round nuclei. What are these cells? A. Astrocytes B. Ependymal cells. C. Roots cells. D. Spongioblasts E. *Mantial cells. Axons of spinal cord anterior horn motoneurons are sected. Which nerve is damaged? A. Sensory B. Mixed C. Myelin fibers D. Nerve endings E. *Motor Connective tissue scar is known to inhibits regeneration of nerve. What factors contribute to the following rapid growth and stimulate the regeneration of nerve? A. Antymitotic factors (cytostatics). B. Neurotrophic factors. C. Factors that stimulate mitosis. D. All above mentioned E. *Schwann cells. Dendrites of sensory (pseudounipolar) cells are sected. Which nerve is damaged? A. Motor B. Mixed C. Myelin fibers D. Nerve endings E. *Sensory Dorsal roots of spinal cord are damaged as a result of trauma. Functions of which cells are affected in this patient? A. Neurocytes of nucleus thoracicus. B. Neurocytes of nucleus proprius. C. Neurocytes of spongy substance. D. Neurocytes gelatinous substance. E. *Pseudounipolar neurons of spinal node. 9. Function of the central portion of efferent part of sympathetic nervous system is violated by pathologic process. What is possible place of process in spinal cord? A. Medial intermediate nucleus of lateral horns B. Dorsal nucleus of posterior horns C. Nucleus proprius of posterior horns D. Nuclei of anterior horns E. *Lateral intermediate nucleus of lateral horns 10.Ganglionic plate was removed in embrio in experiment. What does it result in? A. In violation of the formation of the spinal cord B. In violation of neuroglia formation C. Nothing D. In violation of the formation of central nervous system E. *In violation of the formation of spinal and autonomic ganglia 11.In histological specimen of nervous system organ we can see capsule, which produces septae and pseudounipolar cells with surrounding glial cells under this capsule. Nerve fibers lie in the middle. What is this organ? A. Vegetative ganglion. B. Nerve trunk C. Part of the spinal cord. D. Part of the brain. E. *Spinal ganglion 12.In microspecimen of spinal cord it is necessary to analyze condition of the nucleus, motor neurons of which form the ending on skeletal muscles of trunk. Specify this nucleus. A. Nucleus thoracicus. B. Intermediate lateral nucleus. C. Intermediate medial nucleus. D. Nucleus proprius of posterior horn. E. *Motor nucleus of anterior horn. 13.In the specimen of spinal cord we can see cells that line wall of the central spinal canal. What are these cells? A. Oligodendrocytes B. Astrocytes C. Spongioblasts D. Neurolemmocytes E. *Ependymocytes 14.In spinal puncture the doctor-neurologist makes a puncture of dura mater. Which tissue does it consist of? A. Loose connective tissue. B. Smooth muscle tissue. C. Mucous tissue. D. Cartilage. E. *Dense connective tissue. 15.Motor nerve of animal is cut in experiment. Which processes of nervous cells are damaged? A. Dendrite cells pseudounipolar sensitive neuron B. Axons sensory cells C. Dendrites of spinal cord anterior horn motoneurons D. Both axons and dendrites E. *Axons of spinal cord anterior horns motoneurons 16.Patient has poliomyelitis, which is characterized by spinal cord damage. This reflect in skeletal muscles disfunctions. Destructions of which neurons is it due to? A. Associative. B. Pseudounipolar. C. Associative and motor. D. Pseudounipolar and associative. E. *Motor neurons. 17.Posterior horn of spinal cord is seen in histological specimen. There is thoracic nucleus here. Which cells does nucleus consists of? A. Motor radicular cells. B. Sensory cells. C. Pseudounipolar cells. D. Inner cells. E. *Associative funicular cells. 18.Sensory nerve of animal is cut in experiment. Which processes of nervous cells are damaged? A. Axons of spinal cord anterior horns motoneurons B. Axons sensory cells C. Dendrites of spinal cord anterior horn motoneurons D. Both axons and dendrites E. *Dendrites of pseudounipolar sensitive neurons 19.Sensory nerve ganglion consists of neurocytes with two closely placed processes, which then seprated at some distance. What is the type of these cells? A. Apolar B. Bipolar C. Unipolar D. Multypolar E. *Pseudounipolar 20.Which cells are affected, as a result of spinal cord damage, when functions of skeletal muscles of trunk are violated? A. Pseudounipolar neurocytes of spinal node B. Multypolar neurons of n. Intermediolateralis. C. Motoneurons of lateral nucleus of anterior horns of spinal cord. D. Unipolar neurocytes of spinal node E. *Medial nucleus motoneurons of anterior horns of spinal cord. 21.As a result of pathological process function of the central portion of efferent sympathetic part of autonomic nervous system is impared. Specify possible localisation of process in the spinal cord. A. Medial intermediate nucleus of lateral horns B. Dorsal nucleus of posterior horns C. Nucleus proprius of posterior horns D. Nuclei of anterior horns E. *Lateral intermediate nucleus of lateral horns 22.As a result some trauma n. vagus is damaged. Processes of which neurons are damaged in such case? A. Axons of central sympathetic neurons B. Dendrites of central parasympathetic neurons C. Dendrites of central sympathetic neurons D. Axons and dendrites of peripheral parasympathetic neurons E. *Axons of central parasympathetic neurons 23.As a rule, alcochol intoxication is accompanied with discoordination of movement and vestibulation because of cerebellar disorders. Which cerebellar cells are responsible for this first of all? A. Basket. B. Betz cells C. Stellate. D. Granular cells E. *Pear- like shaped 24.Dicrease of heart activity and blood pressure, bronchial constriction and increase of intestine peristalsis were revealed in experiment. Which part of nervous system is responsible for this? A. Metasympathetic part B. Peripheral part C. Sympatathetic part D. There is no correct answer E. *Parasympathetic part 25.In histologic specimen, which is stained with silver impregnation there’re seen pear-look cells with 2-3 branched dendrites. Which organ is under research? A. Spiral organ of the inner ear B. Retina C. Large hemispheres D. Spinal node E. *Cerebellar cortex 26.In one of the layers of gray matter of cerebellum you can see a large number of small neurocytes. What are these cells? A. Basket cells. B. Small stellate. C. Large stellate. D. Pears- like Purkinje cell E. *Granular cells 27.In specimen of cerebellar cortex large cells are seen. They are arranged in one row and dendrites are going in one direction. Name these cells. A. Basket cells. B. Small stellate. C. Large stellate. D. Granular cells E. *Pears- like Purkinje cell 28.In specimen, stained with silver impregnation method, neurocytes have pyramidal shape. Dendries arise from the top and back sides of cells, axons from the bases. What is this organ? A. Cerebellum B. Spiral organ of the inner ear C. Retina D. Spinal node E. *Large hemispheres 29.In the histological specimen of brain hemisphere it is diagnosed light layer on the surface , poor in cellular elements. Name this layer. A. Multiform B. Ganglionic C. Granular D. Pyramidal E. *Molecular 30.Microscopic research of CNS revealed gray matter, which consists of six layers of neurons. Name the neurons that form the fifth layer. A. Pears- like Purkinje cell B. Merkel Cells C. Basket cells. D. Granular cells E. *Betz cells 31.Microscopic research of the CNS gray matter shawes neurons, which form three layers: molecular, ganglionic and granular. Name the neurons that are forming the second layer. A. Basket cells. B. Small stellate. C. Large stellate. D. Granular cells E. *Pears- like Purkinje cell 32.Name the organ of nervous system, which consists of two hemispheres, covered with a grey matter and provided organism interaction with environment? A. Reticular formation B. Spinal node C. Retina D. Cerebellum E. *Large hemispheres 33.Name the organ of nervous system, which consists of two hemispheres, covered with gray matter, and which provides coordination of body movements and maintains muscle tone? A. Reticular formation B. Spinal node C. Large hemispheres D. Retina E. *Cerebellum 34.Nervus vagus is damaged as a result of trauma. Functions of which autonomic ganglia are violated? A. Sympatathetic part B. Metasympathetic part C. Peripheral part D. There is no correct answer E. *Parasympathetic part 35.Patient has degenerative changes of cells of layers III and V of the brain hemispheres that lead to the degeneration and demielisation of pyramidal tract fibers. Disfunction of which effector tissue this patient has? A. Epithelial tissue B. Connective tissue C. Smooth muscle tissue D. Nerve tissue E. *Skeletal muscular tissue 36.Patient has increase of heartbeat and blood pressure, enlargement of the bronchi and decrease of intestine peristalsis. Activity of which part of autonomic nervous is it due to? A. Parasympathetic part B. Metasympathetic part C. Peripheral part D. There is no correct answer E. *Sympatathetic part 37.Patient with a tumor of the cerebellum has a violation of coordination. Which structure is broken? A. Small stellate cells B. Large stellate cells C. Basket cells D. Granular cells E. *Purkinje cells 38.Pears- like cells of cerebellum were irritated by electrostimulation.. This result in an increase of bioelectric activity of the molecular and granular layers neurons. Which cells of cerebellar cortex are mainly responsible for this? A. Basket cells. B. Small stellate. C. Large stellate. D. *Granular cells E. Pears- like Purkinje cell 39. Activity of different organs were researchwd in experiment. The specific function of which organs does not depend on the autonomic nervous system? A. Intestine B. Heart C. Urinary bladder D. Salivary glands E. *Skeletal muscle 40.Which part of the central nervous system has layers of neurocytes, including cells of the following forms: stellate, fusiform, horizontal, pyramid? A. Cerebellum B. Hypothalamus C. Retina D. Spinal node E. *Large hemispheres 41.60 year old patient was diagnozed to have disorders of high frequency sounds recognition. Violation of which structures of cochlear organ is it due to? A. Middle ear muscles B. Eustachian tube C. Basillar membrane of cochlear duct near helikotreme D. Tympanic membrane E. *Basillar membrane of cochlear duct near oval window 42.Animal has a problem with angular (circular) acceleration. Which structures of audiovestibular organ are probably dameged? A. Otolith receptor cells B. Vestibulocohlear nerve fibers C. Lateral vestibular nuclei of Deyters D. Tractus vestibulospinalis E. *Receptor cells of semicircular ducts 43.Ciliary body of patient is damaged in mechanical trauma of eyeball. Which functional apparatus of eye suffers most of all? A. Photosensory B. Dioptric C. Protective D. Trophic E. *Accomodative 44.Colour vision of patient is broken. Disorders of which structures of the eye is it due to? A. Bipolar cell B. Amacrine cells C. Horizontal cells D. Rod cells E. *Cone cells 45.Doctor had diagnozed retinal detacment of visual portion from uveal tract (vascular tunic) of eyeball. What is the the most probable reason of patient blindness? A. Damage of photoreceptor neuron B. Damage of bipolar neuron C. Damage of ganglionic neuron D. Optic nerve damage E. *Disorders of retina norishment 46.Electron micrograph showes cells whose peripheral portion has outer and inner segment. Outer segment has membranous semidiscs, inner one – ellipsoid. What is this organ? A. Taste organ B. Smell organ C. Vestibular organ D. Cochlear (hearing) organ E. *Visual organ 47.Histologic specimen of wall of the eye showes some structure which consists of three rows of nerve cells. Perykaryons of them are producing outer, inner nuclear and ganglionic layers. Which structural component of the eye has such morphological peculiarity? A. Iris B. Sclera C. Uveal tract D. Ciliary body E. *Retina. 48.In electron micrograph of the eye wall there are a lot of closely packed connective tissue lamellae. Each lamella has parallely arranged fibers and stellated cells between them. Which tunic of the eye is this? A. Sclera B. Uveal tract C. Retina D. Iris E. *Cornea 49.In electron micrograph peripheral portion of retinal cell has outer and inner segments. Outer segment has membranous semidiscs, inner one – ellipsoid. What is this cell? A. Rod cell B. Hair cell C. Deyters cell D. Betsher cell E. *Cone cell 50.In histologic specimen beconvexed structure is connected with ciliary body by ciliary fibers. What is this structure? A. Ciliary body B. Vitreus body C. Cornea D. Sclera E. *Lens 51.In histologic specimen of fetal eyeball damaged retina is seen . Which embryonic germ layer probably was broken? A. Endoderm B. Mesoderm C. Outer layer of eye glass D. Inner layer of eye glass E. *Ectoderm 52.In laser correction of the vision stratified squamous epithelium of cornea is damaged. Which cells are responsible for the regeneration in such case? A. Cells of stratum spinosum B. Fibroblasts C. Fibrocytes D. Lymphocytes E. *Basal epitheliocytes 53.Longterm antibiotic treatment with some drugs (streptomicinum) may cause deafness. Structure and function of which cells of audiovestibular organ is violated in such case? A. Pillar cells B. Deyters cells C. Hensen cells D. Claudius cells E. *Hair cells 54.Patiend had attending doctor with eye trauma. Changesof anterior corneal epithelium were revealed in medical examination . Epithelium of which type is damaged? A. Pseudostratified B. Stratified squamous keratinized C. Stratified cuboidal D. Stratified cilindrical E. *Stratified squamous nonkeratinized 55.Patient is blind exactly at the middle of field of vision because of hemorrage. Which structure of the eye is damaged? A. Uveal tract B. Ciliary portion of retina C. Iridial portion of retina D. Blind spot E. *Yellow spot 56.Patient is colour blinded (could not recognize blue and green colours) but has normal twilight vision. Which structures of retina are probably damaged? A. Rod cells B. Bipolar cells C. Amacrine cells D. Horizontal cells E. *Cone cells 57.Patient was diagnozed to have right optic nerve damage. Which neurons of retina are damaged? A. Bipolar associative B. Photoreceptor C. Horizontal associative D. Amacrine associative E. *Ganglionic 58.Placodes of inner ear of embryo were damaged in experiment. Which receptors could not be formed? A. Macula of saccule B. Macula of utricle C. Ampular crests D. Spiral (Corty’s organ) of cochlea E. *Utricle and saccule maculae, ampular crests and cochlear organ 59.The eyeball was damaged by glass fragment. One month later leukoma (white nontrasparent spot) appeared in the cornea and caused prominent dicrease of vision. Which layer of cornea is involved in this process most of all? A. Posterior corneal epithelium B. Anterior limiting membrane C. Anterior corneal epithelium D. Posterior limiting membrane E. *Proper substance 60.Uveal tract of fetal eyeball is damaged in histologic specimen. Which embryonic material probably was broken? A. Ectoderm B. Endoderm C. Outer layer of eye glass D. Inner layer of eye glass E. *Mesenchyme 61. After X-ray radiation lymphoid system of teenager is considerably affected. Which gland activity may renew blood picture? A. * Thymus B. Pancreas C. Liver D. Thyroid gland E. Adrenal gland 62.There is histologic specimen of hemopoetic organ. The latter one consists of irregular shaped lobules. Each lobule has cortex and medulla. Which organ is it typical for? A. * Thymus B. Lymph node C. Spleen D. Tonsil E. Appendix 63.There is histological spesimen of 40 years men thymus. It was revealed decrease of parenchimal structures size and increase of adipose and connective tissue content. There were a lot of thymic (Hassal’s) corpuscles but total mass of organ is stable. What is the name of this process? A. * Age involution B. Hypotrophy C. Distrophy D. Atrophy E. Accidendal involution 64.In the puncture of lymph node there are seen germinative centres of active plasma cells production. Antigendependent stimulation of which immune cells is it due to? A. Т–Lymphocytes B. * В–Lymphocytes C. Macrophages D. Dendritic cells E. Interdigital cells 65.In the smear of human red bone marrow between cells and adipocytes there are some stellate cells with oxyphilic cytoplasm. Their processes are interconnecting. What are these cells? A. Dendritic B. Fibroblasts C. Macrophages D. * Reticular cells E. Osteocytes 66.In the specimen of red bone marrow there is an aggregation of large cells in tight contact with sinusoidal capillaries. Which blood formed elements are producing here? A. * Platelets B. Erythrocytes C. Monocytes D. Lymphocytes E. Leucocytes 67.Histological research of of spleen had revealed prominent activity of immune reactions. Which structures of this organ are responsible for antigenindependent proliferation of Т-lymphocytes? A. * Periarterial sheath B. Central zone of white pulp C. Mantial zone of white pulp D. Red pulp E. Marginal zone of white pulp 68.Morphological research of spleen had revealed signs of immune activity increase in human body. In which structures of this organ does antigendependent proliferation of Т–lymphocytes begin? A. * Periarterial sheath B. Central zone of white pulp C. Mantial zone of white pulp D. Marginal zone of white pulp E. Red pulp 69.Newborn baby has under-developed thymus. Which type of hemopoesis will suffer most of all? A. * Lymphopoesis B. Erythropoesis C. Granulocytopoesis D. Megacariocytopoasis E. Monocytopoesis 70.Many blood capillaries are seen in the specimen of red bone marrow. Matureted blood formed elements are crossing their wall and enter the bloodstream. What is the type of this capillaries? A. * Sinusoidal B. Visceral C. Lymph D. Somatic E. Fenestrated 71.Plasma cell produce specific antibodies against antigens. Antigens introduction in human body causes increase of plasma cells. Which blood cells increase is it due to? A. Neutrophiles B. Eosinophiles C. Basophiles D. T-lymphocytes E. * B-lymphocytes 72.Round shaped aggregations of lymphocytes are seen in histologic specimen. Central arterie lies inside this nodule. What is this organ? A. Lymph node B. * Spleen C. Thymus D. Bone marrow E. Kidney 73.Skin transplantation was made to patient with hard burns. At the 8th day rejection of transplantant had begun. Which cells are mainly responsible for this? A. * Т-Lymphocytes B. В-Lymphocytes C. Eosinophiles D. Basophiles E. Erythrocytes 74.There are few specimens of hemopoetic and immune organs which contain lymphoid tissue arranged in different structures (lymph nodules, lobules, cords). In which organ does antigenindependent proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes occur? A. * Thymus B. Lymph nodes C. Spleen D. Tonsil E. Hemolymph nodes 75.There is electron micrograph of macrophagic cell. Erytrocytes at different stages of differentiation are placed along its processes. Which organ cell is present at this photogram? A. Tonsil B. Thymus C. Spleen D. * Red bone marrow E. Lymph node 76.There is histologic specimen of hemopoetic organ. Stroma of this organ consists of reticular tissue and parenchyma has elongated cords of red blood formed elements and round shaped aggregations of lymphocytes. What is this organ? A. Red bone marrow B. Lymph node C. Tonsil D. Thymus E. * Spleen 77.There is histologic specimen of hemopoetic organ. Parenchyma of this organ consists of lymphoid tissue which includes lymph nodules, paracortical zone and medullary cords. What is this organ? A. Red bone marrow B. * Lymph node C. Thymus D. Tonsil E. Spleen 78.There is histologic specimen of hemopoetic organ. Parenchyma of this organ consists of lymphoid tissue which has lobules. Stroma is made of epithelial cells with processes. What is this organ? A. Spleen B. Red bone marrow C. * Thymus D. Tonsil E. Lymph node 79.There is histological specimen of hemopoetic organ. Lymphoid parenchyma of this organ consists of lobules. What is this organ? A. * Thymus B. Lymph node C. Spleen D. Tonsil E. Appendix 80.There is histological specimen of organ whose stroma consists of reticular tissue. There are some adipocytes , macrophages and osteogenic cells too. What is this hemopoetic organ? A. Thymus B. Spleen C. * Red bone marrow D. Lymph node E. Tonsil 81. Epithelial cords are observed in histological specimen of endocrine gland. They are composed of chromophilic (acidophilic, basophilic) and chromophobic cells. Which organ is this? A. Adrenal gland B. Neurohypophysis C. Thyroid gland D. Epiphysis E. * Adenohypophysis 82. During childbirth woman has insufficiency of uterine contractility. Hypofunction of what secretory nuclei of the hypothalamus is it due to? A. Arcuate nuclei B. Suprachiasmatic nuclei C. Dorsomedial nuclei D. Supraoptic nuclei E. * Paraventricular nuclei 83. Specimen of the thyroid gland is impregnated with silver salt. In histological research of this specimen large agryrophilic cells were observed in the wall of follicles. Which hormones are produced by these cells? A. Triiodotyrosine B. Tetraiodotyrosine C. Thyrotropin D. Thyroliberin E. * Calcitonin 84. Aproportionally well-built child has disorder of growth. Deficiency of which hormone this is due to? A. Insulin B. Calcitonin C. Lythropin D. Oxitocine E. * Growth hormone 85. During the experiment the epiphysis was removed in sexually immature animals. How will it reflect on speed of these animals puberty? A. Puberty will be slower B. Puberty will stop C. Secondary sexual signs of opposite sex will appear D. Changes will not happen E. * Puberty will be accelerated 86. Smalll cells are revealed in the wall of bronchus. They can accumulate and decarboxylate amines. Which system these cells belong to? A. To respiratory system B. To digestive system C. To sense organs D. To excretory system E. * To APUD–system 87. Patient has the following symptoms: weight gain, reduced body temperature, dry skin, hairloss, the oppression of central nervous system functions , bradycardia. Function of which gland is changed? A. Parathyroid gland B. Pancreatic gland C. Adrenal glandsових залоз D. Sex glands E. * Thyroid gland 88. After the operation of thyroid gland resection the cramps were revealed in the patient. Injection of calcium-containing drug stoped this. Functions of which endocrine organs are changed? A. Adrenal glands B. Ovaries C. Pituitary gland D. Pineal gland E. * Parathyroid glands 89. The sick woman has been suffering from hypothyroidism during 5 years . Deficiency in thyroid hormone was revealed. Which cells of adenohypophysis are changed in such case? A. Somatothropocytes B. Gonadothropocytes C. Corticothropocytes D. Mamothropocytes E. * Thyrothopocytes 90. The patient complains of tachycardia, exophthalmos, quick fatigability, low weight. Which organ disorders is it due to? A. Hypophysis B. Pineal gland C. Hypothalamus D. Parathyroid glands E. * Thyroid gland 91. 40 years old sick woman had consulted a doctor. She complained of tachycardia, exophthalmos, quick fatigability, low weight. Increase of what cells functioning is this due to? A. APUDocytes B. Parathyrocytes C. Parafollicular cells D. Acidophilic endocrynecytes E. * Thyrocytes 92. Specimen of thyroid gland contains cells which lie between follicular cells and basement membrane. Secrecory granules of these endocryne cells are osmio– and argyrophilic. Name these cells. A. Parathyrocytes B. Thyrocytes C. Pinealocytes D. Pituicytes E. * Calcitoninocytes 93. With a diagnostic aim thyroliberin was injected to the patient. How does it reflect in secretion of thyrotropin by cells of anterior pituitary? A. It will decrease B. It will not change C. It will slightly increase D. It will slightly decrease E. * It will increase 94. Endocrine cells in specimen are arranged in parallel cords and contain a great number of elements of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and many lipid drops. What hormone are they producing due to stimulation of hypophysis? A. Oxytocin B. Catecholamines C. Mineralocorticoids D. Thyrocalcitonin E. * Glucorticoids 95. Rathke’s pouch is formed from the ectodermal epithelium which lines of the upper part of the stomodeum (oral fossa) of the embryo. Rathke’s pouch then moves to the base of the future brain. What structure is developed from this embryonic source? A. Neurohypophysis B. Medial eminence C. Pituitary stalk D. Anterior hypothalamus E. * Adenohypophysis 96. In the histological specimen of the thyroid gland thyrocytes have prismatic shape with numerous tall microvilly on the apical surface and deep invaginations of the basal surface of cell membrane. What functional status this histological picture is typical for? A. Decrease of functional activity B. Normal function C. Age involutional D. Increase of iodine ions quantity in the blood E. * Increaase of functional activity 97. In the specimen of the thyroid gland follicles are observed. Walls consist of high epithelium, space is filled with a light colloid with a great amount of resorptive vacuoles. What functional condition does this picture testify? A. Hypofunction B. Normal function C. Bythegivenpatternone cannot estimate the condition of the gland D. Slight decrease of function E. * Hyperfunction 98. Some endocrine gland was excised in immature experimental animal. This operation result in acceleration of sexual maturation. Which gland was removed? A. Hypophysis B. Adrenal C. Thyroid gland D. Parathyroid gland E. * Pineal gland 99. Neurosecretory cells were suppressed in the experimental animal. These neuroseccretory cells are located in supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus. How does it reflect in content of secrets in neurohypophysis? A. Secretion will increase B. Secretion will not change C. Secretion will stop D. Cells will migrate into neurohypophysis E. * Secretion will decrease 100. Experimentally Rathke’s pouch was removed in embryo. The development of which parts of the hypophysis will be changed? A. Adenohypophysis B. Neurohypophysis C. Intermediate lobe D. Development of hypophysis will stop E. * Adenohypophysis and intermediate lobe 101. There is parenchimatous organ in histologic specimen. Superficial layer of cortex consists of endocrine cells which are arranged in glomeruli. Which organ has such morphologic picture? A. B. C. D. E. Lymph node Spleen Thyroid gland Ovary * Adrenal glands 102. 40-years old patient is treated by endocrinologist. He has insufficiency of adrenal cortex which reflected in decrease of aldosterone in the blood. Function of which cells of adrenal glands cortex is violated? A. Cells of reticular zone B. Cells of fascicular zone C. Cells of sudanophobic zone D. Cells of X-zone E. * Cells of glomerular zone 103. Neoplasms of adrenal glands cortex are known to cause virilism (development of secondary male sexual signs). Which hormones of adrenal glands have such androgenous activity? A. Steroid hormones of glomerular zone B. Steroid hormones of fascicular zone C. Epinephrine D. Norepinephrine E. * Steroid hormones of reticular zone 104. Small polygonal cells are seen in histological specimen of adrenal gland cortex. They form roundish aggregations and contain some lipid inclusions. Which part of adrenal gland is seen in this histological specimen? A. Fascicular zone B. Intermediate zone C. Reticular zone D. Adrenal medulla E. * Glomerular zone 105. In histological specimen of adrenal gland large cuboidal cells are arranged in cords and have a lot of lipid inclusions. Which part of adrenal gland is seen in this histological specimen? A. Glomerular zone B. Intermediate zone C. Reticular zone D. Adrenal medulla E. * Fascicular zone 106. In experiment on embryo process of neuroblasts migration from ganglyonic plates is violated. How does it reflect in adrenal glands structure? A. Glomerular zone formation will be violated B. C. D. E. Fascicular zone formation will be violated Reticular zone formation will be violated Reflects in nothing * Formation of medulla will be violated 107. Endocrine cells of adrenal gland are arranged in parallel cords and contain well developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum and numerous lipid drops. What are these cells producing in response to pituitary trophic hormones influence? A. Oxytocin B. Catecholamines C. Mineralocorticosteroids D. Thyrocalcitonin E. * Glucocorticosteroids 108. It is known that plates of epidermal stratum corneum are constantly removing from the skin surface. Which mechanism lies at the base of this process? A. Destruction of lipid intercellular barrier B. Accumulation of eleidin C. Filagrin accumulation in cells D. Keratohyalin accumulation in cells E. * Intercellular desmosomes dissolvement by keratinosomes 109. In skin burns of I-IInd degree epidermis is damaged. Regeneration of skin layers is possible by cells of which layers? A. Stratum lucidum and spinosum B. Stratum spinosum and granulosum C. Stratum granulosum and lucidum D. Stratum lucidum and corneum E. * Stratum basale and spinosum 110. Finger print research (dactyloscopy) is useful for identification of personality in crime detection. Which layer of skin is responsible for this picture? A. Stratum spinosum B. Reticular layer C. Hypodermis D. Stratum basale E. * Papillary layer 111. In histological research of skin biopsy there were revealed cells with processes and dark brown granules in cytoplasm. What are these cells? A. Intraepidermal macrophages B. Keratinocytes C. Merkel cells D. Lymphocytes E. * Melanocytes 112. Method of dactyloscopy is actively using in forensic medicine. It is based on exact individual picture of papillary layer of dermis. Which type of tissue does it consist of? A. Reticular tissue B. C. D. E. Adipose tissue Dense irregular connective tissue Dense regular connective tissue * Loose connective tissue 113. Examination of patient with epidermal mycosis had revealed moderate reddening of skin and local desquamation of skin with hyperemia. Boundaries of affected areas are irregular shaped, well distinct and painless. Which type of epithelium is damaged? A. Transitional B. Stratified cuboidal C. Stratified squamous nonkeratinized D. Stratified cylindrical ciliated E. * Stratified squamous keratinized 114. Patient was diagnosed with heat stroke after long term working in elastic overalls (clothes). Which function of skin was violated? A. Blood deposition B. Protective C. Receptor D. Excretory E. * Heat-conduction 115. Especially in sleeping not all blood is circulating in blood vessels. Which function of blood is realizing in such case? A. Protective B. Receptor C. Excretory D. Thermoregulation E. * Blood deposition 116. In prolonged starvation subcutaneous adipose tissue reacts very much. Skin of which places preserves subcutaneous adipose tissue even in extreme depletion? A. Skin of hands B. Skin of feet C. Face D. Interscapular area E. * Skin of palms and plants and in orbit 117. Cells of epidermal basal layer were damaged by radiation. Which function of this layer will be violated first of all? A. Protective B. Barrier C. Absorptive D. Receptor E. * Regeneration 118. In electron micrograph of epidermis among cuboidal cells you can see the cell with processes and well developed Golgi apparatus, numerous ribosomes and melanosomes in cytoplasm. Name this cell. A. Keratinocyte B. Langerhanse cell C. Merkel cell D. Tissues basophil E. * Melanocyte 119. Aging of human skin is characterized by appearance of wrinkles and folds. Which structural components of skin are mainly responsible for this? A. Reticular fibers B. Epidermis C. Ground substance D. Subcutaneous adipose tissue E. * Collagen and elastic fibers 120. After skin injury epidermal layers till cambial one are absent at limited area. Which cells will promote regeneration at this place? A. Cells of stratum spinosum B. Cells of stratum basale C. Cells of stratum spinosum and granulosum D. Cells of nearest stratum basale E. * Cells of nearest stratum basale and spinosum 121. In histologic specimen of stomach there are seen very few parietal cells in gastric glands. Mucosa of which stomach portion was under research? A. Fundal stomach B. Cardial stomach C. Body of stomach D. Esophageo-gastric junction E. * Pyloric stomach 122. Gastric diseases may be accompanied by decrease or increase of hydrochloric acid content in gastric juice. Which cells activity disorders is it due to? A. Mucocytes of mucosa B. Mucous neck cells C. Mucocytes of proper gastric glands D. Endocrine cells E. * Parietal (oxyntric) cells 123. Gastric epithelium is damaged after stellate vein rupture. Which cells will promote regeneration? A. Mucocytes of mucosa B. Mucocytes of proper gastric glands C. Endocrine cells D. Parietal (oxyntric) cells E. * Mucous neck cells 124. Epithelial lining of small intestine is renewed each two days. Which cells promote this physiologic regeneration? A. Endocrine cells B. Brushed cells (with microvilli) C. Goblet cells D. Paneth cells E. * Nonbrushed cells 125. Patient with chronicle enterocolitis (inflammation of intestine) has disorders of digestion and absorption of proteins because of decrease of dipeptidazes in the intestinal juice. Which cells activity disorders is it due to? A. Endocrine cells B. Brushed cells (with microvilli) C. Goblet cells D. Nonbrushed cells E. * Paneth cells 126. Disorders of membrane digestion were revealed in patient with small intestine disease. Which cells functional disorders is it due to? A. Endocrine cells B. Goblet cells C. Nonbrushed cells D. Paneth cells E. * Brushed cells (with microvilli) 127. Some intestinal diseases are connected with functional disorders of exocrine cells with acidophilic granules. Where are they located? A. At the middle of intestinal villi B. At the apex of intestinal villi C. Between villi and crypts D. In the neck of crypts E. * In the bottom of crypts 128. Some diseases may change numerical proportion of enterocytes in large intestine mucosa. Which cells predominate in epithelium of crypts here in normal condition? A. Endocrine cells B. Paneth cells C. Brushed cells D. Nonbrushed cells E. * Goblet cells 129. There is histological specimen of some part of alimentary tract. Mucosa has stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium. What is this organ? A. Fundal stomach B. Pyloric stomach C. Cardial stomach D. Esophageo-gastric junction E. * Esophagus 130. After total gastrectomy (removal of stomach) pernicious anemia usually is developing. Absence of which cells is it due to? A. Endocrine cells B. Chief cells C. Mucous neck cells D. Goblet cells E. * Parietal (oxyntric) cells 131. In histologic specimen numerous serous glands are seen in intestinal submucosa. Which part of intestine is this? A. Jejunum B. C. D. E. Ileum Appendices Colon * Duodenum 132. In analysis of case histories of surgical department patients with esophageal ulcers it was revealed 78% of typical location. It is due to presence of special glands here. What are these glands? A. Proper esophageal glands B. Serous glands C. Salivary glandsу D. Gastric glands E. * Cardial glands 133. Groups of cells are found in the bottom of crypts in histologic specimen of small intestine. They have basophilic cytoplasm and large acidophilic granules in apical portion. What are these cells? A. Endocrine cells B. Mucous neck cells C. Parietal (oxyntric) cells D. Goblet cells E. * Paneth cells 134. In histologic research of tooth enamel section linear striations lie concentrically and arise from enamel-dentine junction. What are these structures? A. Hunter-Shreger lines B. Enamel plates C. Enamel bundles D. Enamel spindles E. * Retcius lines 135. Newborn has special papillae on the tongue which irritate receptors of mammary gland nipple thus stimulating release of milk. What are these papillae? A. Filiform B. Circumvallate C. Fungiform D. Foliate E. * Conicle 136. In histologic specimen of fundal stomach large cells with acidophilic cytoplasm are seen in glands. Electron microscopy shows compound system of intracellular canaliculi. What are these cells producing? A. Mucous B. Serotonin C. Pepsinogen D. Gastrin E. * Hydrochloric acid 137. 9 year old boy has frequent watery defecation, vomiting, polidypsia, dryness of skin and mucosal tunics. These symptoms are connected with violation of intestinal absorption. Which structures are damaged in such case? A. B. C. D. E. Endocrine cells Goblet cells Intraepithelial desmosomal junctions Paneth cells * Microvilli of enterocytes 138. Antibiotics are introducing intraperitoneally to the patient with peritonitis. Which function of mesothelium is useful in such case? A. Barrier B. Phagocytosis C. Secretory D. Limiting E. * Absorptive 139. Gastric disease of 32 years old patient is accompanied with decrease of gastric juice acidity. How it will reflect on break down of proteins? A. Decrease of dipeptidazes activity B. Decrease of pepsinogen synthesis C. Decrease of himosin synthesis D. Decrease of endocrine cells activity E. * Disorders of pepsinogen transformation in pepsin 140. Increase of mucous content in stomach may violate digestion here. Which cells activity disorders is it due to? A. Mucous neck cells B. Mucocytes of proper gastric glands C. Endocrine cells D. Parietal (oxyntric) cells E. * Mucocytes of mucosa 141. In clinical examination of 20 year old patient it was revealed enlargement of liver, increase of bilirubin in the blood and urinary pigments in the urine. Violation of which structures is it due to? A. Endothelial cells B. Hepatocytes C. Cupfer cells D. Lipocytes E. * Desmosomal junctions between hepatocytes 142. In normal condition of liver bile may not get into the blood. Which ultrastructural peculiarities of hepatocytes cause this? A. Bile synthesis B. Nexuses between hepatocytes C. Desmosomal junctions between hepatocytes D. Albumin synthesis E. * Tight junctions between hepatocytes 143. Microspecimen of proteins producing exocrine gland is under histologic research. Cells of secretory portions are bicolor: apical portions are oxiphilic and basal once – basophilic. What is this gland? A. Liver B. Submundibular gland C. Parotid gland D. Sublingual gland E. * Pancreas 144. Group of cells with numerous wide capillaries is seen in specially stained histologic specimen of pancreas. Some cells are prominent basophilic, another – oxiphilic, some – slight basophilic. What are these cells? A. Endothelial cells B. Fibrocytes C. Cupfer cells D. Lipocytes E. * Insulocytes B,A,D 145. Glandulocyte of pancreas has well distinct polarity in electron micrograph. A lot of tubules and canaliculi of rough endoplasmic reticulum lie in basal part and large electron dense granules – in apical. What is this cell? A. Insulocyte А B. Insulocyte В C. Insulocyte D D. Insulocyte D1 E. * Exocrine pancreatocyte 146. In histologic specimen of salivary gland there are seen cells of stellate shape which surround secretory portions. They lie between basement membrane and secretory cells and have contractile filaments in cytoplasm. What are these cells? A. Endothelial cells B. Fibroblasts C. Adipocytes D. Adventitial cells E. * Myoepithelial cells 147. Special preparation (Co salt) which selectively damages A-insulocytes of pancreatic islet was injected to experimental animal. Which pancreatic function will be violated? A. Insulin synthesis B. Somatostatin synthesis C. Fibrinogen synthesis D. Thromboplastin synthesis E. * Glucagon synthesis 148. Alloxan which selectively damages B-cells of pancreatic islet was injected to experimental animal. Which pancreatic function will be violated? A. Fibrinogen synthesis B. Somatostatin synthesis C. Glucagon synthesis D. Thromboplastin synthesis E. * Insulin synthesis 149. There is histologic specimen of compound branched tubular-alveolar gland with ill-defined connective tissue septae. It has numerous mucous and mixed acini and very few serous ones. What is this gland? A. Liver B. Pancreas C. Submundibular gland D. Parotid gland E. * Sublingual gland 150. Actinomicin had blocked protein synthesizing function of salivary gland cells. Function of which cells will be suppressed most of all? A. Endothelial cells B. Myoepithelial cells C. Adventitial cells D. Mucocytes E. * Serocytes 151. A lot of glycogen inclusions were revealed in histologic specimen of liver. What does it connected with? A. Decrease of sugar in the blood B. Destruction of smooth endoplasmic reticulum C. Destruction of rough endoplasmic reticulum D. Destruction of Golgi apparatus E. * Increase of sugar in the blood 152. Patient with severe damage of liver was admitted to hospital. 1/3 of organ was removed during surgical operation. Which cells will promote regeneration in such case? A. Young fibroblasts B. Mature fibroblasts C. Endothelial cells D. Adventitial cells E. * Hepatocytes 153. During some time patient has a diet with a lot of carbohydrates in food. Which hepatic function will be activated most of all? A. Fibrinogen synthesis B. Somatomedin synthesis C. Bile synthesis D. Vitamins synthesis E. * Glycogen synthesis 154. Parenchymal organ in histologic specimen consists of lobules which have shape of hexagonal prisms. Cells are radially arranged in anatomizing plates with sinusoidal capillaries between them which gather to the central vein. Which organ has such structure? A. Spleen B. Pancreas C. Thymus D. Lymph node E. * Liver 155. Parenchymal organ of digestive system in histologic specimen has lobules with serous acini consisting of secretory portions, intercalated and striated ducts. What is this organ? A. Liver B. Pancreas C. Submundibular gland D. Sublingual gland E. * Parotid gland 156. Chronic diseases of liver may cause overgrowth of connective tissue in hepatic parenchyma (fibrosis or cirrhosis) which result in blood circulation disorders. What is usual direction of blood circulation in liver in normal condition? A. From base to apex of lobule B. From center to periphery C. Around lobule D. From apex to base of lobule E. * From periphery to center 157. Patient food is rich with carbohydrates. Which hepatic function is activated in such case? A. Bile synthesis B. Vitamin D synthesis C. Fibrinogen synthesis D. Albumin synthesis E. * Glycogen synthesis 158. Liver is known to be useful in diet. Which hepatic peculiarities is it due to? A. Bile synthesis B. Blood deposition C. Fibrinogen synthesis D. Albumin synthesis E. * Vitamins А, Д, К, E, F and iron deposition 159. In clinical research of patient analyses doctor had revealed violation of blood coagulation. Which hepatic function disorders is it due to? A. Bile synthesis B. Glycogen synthesis C. Vitamin D synthesis D. Albumin synthesis E. * Fibrinogen and protrombin synthesis 160. Protein synthesizing function of liver is violated. Which ultrastructural changes could be revealed in hepatocytes? A. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum destruction B. Destruction of Golgi apparatus C. Destruction of nuclei D. Destruction of lisosomes E. * Rough endoplasmic reticulum destruction 161. 52 year old patient was admitted to the hospital with anuria due to the obstruction of urinary passways by urinary stone. What is the possible way of this stone outside? A. Renal calices – urethra –urinary bladder- ureter B. Renal calices – renal pelvix – urinary bladder – ureter – urethra C. Renal calices – renal pelvix – urinary bladder D. Renal calices– urinary bladder – ureter – urethra E. * Renal calices – renal pelvix – ureter – urinary bladder – urethra 162. Alveolar epithelium structure is changed very much or dying in longterm smoking. In such case surfactant is damaged too. What does it result in? A. Disorders of alveoli blood supply B. Rupture of alveoli C. Damage of type I alveolocytes D. Damage of type II alveolocytes E. * Disorders of gases exchanges 163. Baby had inspired foreign corpuscle (button). It was uptaken in bronchoscopy. Epithelium of which type was damaged by this object? A. Stratified nonkeratinized B. Simple cuboidal C. Transitional D. Simple squamous E. * Simple columnar ciliated 164. Electronmicrograph of respiratory system organ shows opened vesicles, whose inner surface is lined with simple epithelium containing respiratory and secretory cells. What are these structures? A. Bronchioles B. Acini C. Alveolar ducts D. Terminal bronchioles E. * Alveoli 165. Experimental closure of renal artery resulted in blood pressure increase. Which structure of kidney will react in such case first of all? A. Distal convoluted tubule B. Proximal convoluted tubule C. Thin tubule D. Renal corpuscle E. * Juxtaglomerular apparatus of kidney 166. Histologic specimen of urinary system organ has no submucosa but mucosal lamina propria contains alveolar-tubular glands. What is this organ? A. Renal calices B. Uriter C. Urethra D. Renal pelvices E. * Fundus of urinary bladder 167. In electronmicrograph of renal corpuscle cells of irregular shape have primary processes – cytotrabecules from which secondary ones (cytopodia) arise. What are these cells? A. Mesangial B. Endothelial C. Macrophages D. Gurmahtig cells E. * Podocytes 168. In experiment on animal blood circulation was activated. Circulatory system of which nephrons will participate in blood redistribution? A. Cortical B. C. D. E. Intermediate Cortical and intermediate Juxtamedullary and intermediate * Juxtamedullary 169. In histologic research of kidney some tubule is revealed in the cortex. It has simple cuboidal epithelium with microvilli and basal striations. What is this component of nephron? A. Collecting duct B. Distal convoluted tubule C. Distal straight tubule D. Henle’s loop E. * Proximal convoluted tubule 170. Laboratory analysis of urine had revealed slight acidic reaction. Which cells of kidney are responsible for this? A. Juxtaglomerular cells B. Juxtavascular cells C. Macula densa cells D. Interstitial stromal cells E. * Secretory cells of collecting duct 171. Newborn girl has prominent abnormalities of urinary system. Violation of which embryonic source had proved this? A. Ectoderm B. Endoderm C. Dermatom D. Myotom E. * Nephrogonotom 172. Patient has dry pleuritis with adequate sounds in auscultation. Epithelium of which type is damaged in such case? A. Simple cuboidal B. Simple columnar C. Transitional D. Stratified E. * Simple squamous 173. Patient urinates 10 l of urine per day. Function of which part of nephron is mainly violated? A. Proximal convoluted tubule B. Proximal straight tubule C. Descendent part of thin tubule D. Ascendent part of thin tubule E. * Distral tubule 174. Patient urine analysis had revealed proteinuria (5g/l low molecular proteins), hematuria with alkaline erythrocytes. Violation of which renal function is it due to? A. Increase of canaliculi secretion B. Violation of glomerular excretion C. Decrease of tubular reabsorption D. Extrarenal disorders E. * Increase of renal glomeruli permeability 175. Patient with acute rhinitis has hyperemia of nasal mucosa and overproduction of mucous. Hyperactivity of which cells is it due to? A. Brushed cells B. Ciliated C. Basal D. Endocrine E. * Goblet 176. Patient’s urine contains “fresh” erythrocytes. Which structures of urinary system are probably damaged? A. Renal corpuscles B. Loop of Henle C. Collecting ducts D. Convoluted tubules E. * Ureter, urinary bladder, urethra 177. Premature newborns frequently have syndrome of respiratory insufficiency. What is most probable reason of this? A. Amniotic fluid swallowing B. Intrauterine hypercapnia C. Disorders of breathing nerve regulation D. Intrauterine asphyxia E. * Surfactant insufficiency 178. Pulmonary alveoli have special cells which are responsible for gases exchanges; they belong to air-hematic barrier. What are these cells? A. Clara cells B. Alveolar macrophages C. Type II alveolocytes D. Brushed cells (with microvilli) E. * Type I alveolocytes 179. Respiratory epithelium has cells with oval apical portion with microvilli. Cytoplasm contains well developed secretory apparatus and secretory granules in apical pole. What are these cells? A. Endocrine B. Goblet C. Nonbrushed cells D. Cambial cells E. * Clara cells 180. Some part of nephron has cuboidal cells with apical brushed border (microvilli) and basal striations with mitochondria which are placed in basal cytolemma infoldings. What is this component of nephron? A. Collecting duct B. Distal convoluted tubule C. Thin tubule D. Bowman’s capsule E. * Proximal convoluted tubule. 181. Follicle is seen in histologic specimen of ovary which is stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Follicular cells are cuboidal and make 1-2 layers around oocyte which has reddish transparent tunic around itself. What is the type of this follicle? A. Primordial follicle B. Secondary follicle C. Mature follicle D. Atretic follicle E. *Primary follicle 182. Experimentally alkaline pH of prostate gland environment was replaced by acidic. What will happen to spermatozoa? A. Will change their structure B. Mobility will increase C. Maturation will stop D. Formation will stop E. *Mobility will decrease 183. Prostate gland of patient was excised because of malignant malformation. How does it reflect on fertility of this man? A. Nothing B. Few C. Partially decrease D. Increase E. *Really decrease 184. Estrogens level in female blood is higher. Which structures of ovary are producing them? A. Atretic follicles B. Corpus luteum C. Corpus albicans D. Atretic bodies E. *Maturing follicles 185. There is specimen of ovary. Oval structures with remnant of zona pellucida inside are placed in the cortex. What are these structures? A. Corpus luteum B. Primordial follicles C. Maturing follicles D. Atretic bodies E. *Atretic follicles 186. As a result of chronical inflammation tunica albuginea of ovary is thicker and stronger. What does it result in? A. Blockage of ovogenesis B. Decrease of progesterone synthesis C. Decrease of estrogens synthesis D. Follicles will not develop E. *Blockage of ovulation (anovulatory cycles) 187. In experiment gonocytoblasts were destroying in germinal toruli of embryo. What does it result in? A. Decrease of estrogens synthesis B. Sex organs will not appear C. Secondary sexual signs will not appear D. Decrease of progesterone synthesis E. *Germ cells will not appear 188. Blood analysis had revealed increase of estrogens. Which structures of ovary are mainly producing these hormones? A. Atretic follicles B. Corpus luteum C. Corpus albicans D. Atretic bodies E. *Tecocytes of maturing follicles 189. Yellowish structure is placed in the cortex of histological specimen of ovary. What is this structure? A. Atretic follicle B. Corpus albicans C. Maturing follicle D. Atretic body E. Corpus luteum 190. In histological specimen of ovary large follicle with distinct theca is placed under tunica albuginea. What is this follicle? A. Atretic follicle B. Corpus luteum C. Corpus albicans D. Atretic body E. *Maturing follicle 191. Blood analysis had revealed increase of testosterone. Which organs of this patient endocrinologist has to examine most of all? A. Prostate B. Epididymis C. Testis, adrenal medulla, pituitary gland D. Testis, prostate E. *Testis, adrenal cortex, pituitary gland 192. Histologic specimen contains organ of reproductive system which has numerous coiled tubules whose wall has tunica with basal, myoid and fibrous layers. Supporting cells and spermatogenic epithelium lie inside over basement membrane. What is this organ? A. Prostate gland B. Epididymis C. Vas defferens D. Seminal vesicles E. *Testis 193. A lot of seminiferous tubules are seen in the specimen of testis. Polygonal oxyphilic cells with lipid inclusions lie in connective tissue between these tubules. What are these cells? A. Spermatocytes B. Spermatogonia C. Sustentocytes D. Spermatids E. *Leydig cells 194. In histologic specimen of testis in germinal epithelium of seminiferous tubule there are large cells whose basis lie over basement membrane and apical pole is turned to the lumen of tubule. They subdivide epithelium into basal and adlumenal portions. What are these cells? A. Spermatocytes B. Leydig cells C. Spermatogonia D. Spermatids E. *Sustentocytes 195. Histological research of infertile woman endometrium had revealed specific changes which are connected with progesterone influence. What is it produced by? A. Ovarial follicles B. Anterior pituitary C. Atretic follicles D. Atretic bodies E. *Corpus luteum 196. 25 years old man has delay of sexual maturation. Which hormone deficiency is it due to? A. Estrogen B. Follicle stimulating C. Luteinizing D. Progesterone E. *Testosterone 197. Histologic specimen presents organ with tunica serosa and albuginea. Connective tissue stroma contains Leydig cells. Parenchyma consists of tubules with spermatogenic epithelium. What is this organ? A. Bulbo-uretral gland B. Epididymis C. Prostate D. Vas deferens E. *Testis 198. Muscular-glandular organ in specimen has lobulated parenchyma. Excretory ducts of small glandules are opened into large channel which lies in the middle of organ and is lined with transitional epithelium. Stroma consists of connective and smooth muscular tissue. What is this organ? A. Bulbo-uretral gland B. Epididymis C. Testis D. Vas deferens E. *Prostate gland 199. Laboratory analysis of female blood had revealed progesterone increase. Which structure of ovary is mainly responsible for this? A. Atretic follicle B. Corpus albicans C. Atretic body D. Maturing follicle E. *Corpus luteum 200. Specimen of testis demonstrates cross section of seminiferous tubule with spermatids and spermatozoa. What is this stage of spermatogenesis? A. Growth B. Reproduction C. Maturation D. Fertilization E. *Formation 201. Insufficiency of uterine contractile activity causes weakness of labor pains. Which hormone may correct this situation? A. prostaglandine B. testosterone C. inhibin D. progesterone E. *oxytocin 202. Blood analysis of non pregnant women revealed low level of progesterone and low one of estrogens. Which stage of menstrual cycle is it typical for? A. premenstrual B. postmenstrual (regeneration) C. postmenstrual (prolipheration) D. resting period E. *menstrual 203. As a result of chronicle inflammation, tunica albuginea of both ovaries of woman is thick and dense. What may it result in? A. disorders of ovogenesis B. decrease of estrogens C. decrease of progesterone D. tubal pregnancy E. *anovulatory cycles 204. Woman complains on infertility during last few years. She has anovulatory menstrual cycles. Which process does not occur in such situation? A. reconstruction of follicle after oocyte is dying B. proliferation of granulose cells C. accumulation of lutein by follicular cells D. decrease of mature follicle size E. r*upture of follicle and release of oocyte into retroperitoneal cavity 205. At histological research of ovary mature follicles were revealed in cortex. At which stage of ovogenesis are they produced? A. small growth B. maturation C. reproduction D. formation E. *large growth 206. Specimen of ovary is stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Some follicle has oocyte with oxyphilic reddish tunic and 1-2 layers of cuboidal follicular cells around it. What is the type of this follicle? A. B. C. D. E. primordial secondary mature atretic *primary 207. Woman has problem of breast feeding of baby. Secretion of milk by lactocytes is not violated. Which hormone insufficiency is it due to? A. follicle stimulating hormone B. lutropin C. prolactin D. gonadocrinin E. *oxytocin 208. Female ovary is hyperemic. Large follicle protrudes over the surface. It’s wall is thin, infiltrated with segmented neutrophils. Permeability of hemato-follicular barrier is high. What stage of menstrual-ovarian cycle is it due to? A. premenstrual B. menstrual C. resting period D. ovulation E. *preovulatory 209. Diagnostic biopsy of endometrium was made to 35 years old infertile women. At histological research there were revealed edema of mucosa, coiled uterine glands overfilled with viscous secret. Which hormone causes these changes in endometrium? A. estrogens B. testosterone C. growth hormone D. ACTH E. *progesterone 210. 40 years old woman has problem in labor due to insufficiency of uterine contractile activity. Which hormone may stimulate uterine contractions? A. hydrocortisone B. estrogen C. aldosteron D. progesterone E. *oxytocin 211. 22 years old girl has irregular menstrual-ovarian cycle. Which pituitary hormone disorders production is it due to? A. thyrotrophic B. prolactin C. growth hormone D. ACTH E. *luteinizing 212. Microscopic research of infertile women endometrium biopsy had revealed changes which were caused by progesterone. Where is it produced? A. in hypothalamus B. C. D. E. in ovarian follicles in adenohypophysis in neurohypophysis *in corpus luteum of ovary 213. During histological research of specimen it was revealed that endometrial stroma has very few undifferentiated cells. Which stage of menstrual cycle is it typical for? A. premenstrual B. postmenstrual (regeneration) C. postmenstrual (proliferation) D. resting period E. *menstrual 214. Hyperemic female ovary has large follicle. Wall of the last one is thin, infiltrated with segmented neutrophils. Permeability of hemato-follicular barrier is high. What stage of menstrual-ovarian cycle is it due to? A. premenstrual B. menstrual C. resting period D. ovulation E. *preovulatory 215. In the specimen of ovary round structure is seen which contains glandulocytes with lipid droplets. What is this structure? A. primordial follicle B. primary follicle C. mature follicle D. atretic body E. *corpus luteum 216. Endocrine influence stops bleeding after parturition (labor). Which component of uterine wall is responsible for this most of all? A. functional layer of endometrium B. basal layer of endometrium C. perimetrium D. submucosa E. *myometrium middle layer 217. Instrumental research of uterine tubes of 40 years old woman had revealed their impassability because of adhesions. Which tissue they consist of? A. epithelial B. smooth muscular C. dense connective regular D. dense connective irregular E. *loose connective 218. Large polygonal cells enriched with lipids and glycogen were revealed in uterine lamina propria at secretory stage of menstrual cycle. What are these cells? A. smooth myocytes B. endothelium of damaged vessels C. myofibroblasts D. fibroblasts E. *decidual cells 219. Histological picture of endometrium is characterized by thickening, edema, and presence of a lot of coiled wide glands which produce mucous. Stroma contains well distinct decidual cells. Which stage of menstrual cycle is it adequate? A. menstrual B. regeneration C. prolipheration D. resting period E. *secretory 220. Blood analysis of non pregnant women revealed high level of progesterone and low one of estrogens. Which stage of menstrual cycle is it typical for? A. menstrual B. postmenstrual (regeneration) C. postmenstrual (prolipheration) D. resting period E. *premenstrual Test questions for figures 1. Which structural component of circulatory system do you see at Fig. 1? A. Heart B. *Microcirculatory bed C. Arteries D. Veins E. Capillaries 2. Which vessels of microcirculatory bed are labeled No 2 and 4 at Fig. 1? A. Heart B. Microcirculatory bed C. Arteries D. Veins E. *Capillaries 3. Which vessel of microcirculatory bed is labeled No 3 at Fig. 1? A. Heart B. Microcirculatory bed C. *Arteriole D. Veins E. Capillaries 4. Which vessel of microcirculatory bed is labeled No 7 at Fig. 1?. A. Heart B. Microcirculatory bed C. Arteriole D. *Venule E. Capillaries 5. Which structures do you see at Fig. 2? A. *Arteriolo-venular anastomoses B. Arteries C. Arterioles D. Venules E. Capillaries 6. Capillary of which type is labeled No2 at Fig. 3? A. *Continuous (somatic) B. Discontinuous (visceral) C. Sinusoidal D. Adventitial E. Lymphatic 7. Capillary of which type is labeled No9 at Fig. 3? A. Continuous (somatic) B. *Discontinuous (visceral) C. Sinusoidal D. Adventitial E. Lymphatic 8. Which structural component of hemocapillary is labeled No1 at Fig. 3? A. *Pericyte B. Adventitial cell C. Endotheliocyte D. Smooth myocyte E. Erythrocyte 9. Which structural component of hemocapillary is labeled No3 at Fig. 3? A. Fenestrae B. *Basement membrane C. Pores D. Anchoring fibers E. Collagen fibers 10. Which structural component of hemocapillary is labeled No7 at Fig. 3? A. *Fenestrae B. Basement membrane C. Pores D. Anchoring fibers E. Collagen fibers 11. Capillary of which type is labeled No10 at Fig. 3? A. Continuous (somatic) B. Discontinuous (visceral) C. Sinusoidal D. Adventitial E. *Lymphatic 12. Which structure of hemocapillary is labeled No12 at Fig. 3? A. Fenestrae B. Basement membrane C. Pores D. *Anchoring fibers E. Collagen fibers 13. Which tunica of artery is labeled No1 at Fig. 4? A. Media B. Intima C. *Adventitia D. Subendothelial E. Muscular 14. Which tunica of artery is labeled No2 at Fig. 4? A. Media B. *Intima C. Adventitia D. Subendothelial E. Muscular 15. Which tunica of artery is labeled No3 at Fig. 4? A. *Media B. Intima C. Adventitia D. Subendothelial E. Muscular 16. Which layer of intima of artery is labeled No5 at Fig. 4? A. Connective tissue B. Inner elastic membrane C. Outer elastic membrane D. Subendothelial E. *Endothelium 17. Which layer of intima of artery is labeled No6 at Fig. 5? A. Connective tissue B. *Inner elastic membrane C. Outer elastic membrane D. Subendothelial E. Endothelium 18. Which tunica of artery is labeled No9 at Fig. 5? A. *Media B. Intima C. Adventitia D. Subendothelial E. Muscular 19. Which tunica of artery is labeled No10 at Fig. 5? A. Media B. Intima C. *Adventitia D. Subendothelial E. Muscular 20. Which tissue lies between muscular fibers of myocardium and is labeled No1 at Fig. 6? A. Dense connective tissue B. *Loose connective tissue C. Smooth muscular D. Mucous E. Reticular 21. Which cardiomyocyte components are labeled No2 at Fig. 6? A. Fibroblasts nuclei B. Myofibriles C. Intercalated discs D. *Cardiomyocytes nuclei E. Cross striations 22. Capillary of which type is labeled A at Fig. 7? A. *Continuous (somatic) B. Discontinuous (visceral) C. Sinusoidal D. Adventitial E. Lymphatic 23. Capillary of which type is labeled Б at Fig. 7? A. Continuous (somatic) B. *Discontinuous (visceral) C. Sinusoidal D. Adventitial E. Lymphatic 24. Capillary of which type is labeled B at Fig. 7? A. Continuous (somatic) B. Discontinuous (visceral) C. *Sinusoidal D. Adventitial E. Lymphatic 25. Which structure is labeled No 1 at Fig. 8? A. Apical axon B. *Apical dendrite C. Descending axon D. Betz’s cell body E. Molecular layer 26. What is Betz’s cell No at Fig. 8? A. 1 B. *2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 27. Which structure of brain cortex is labeled No10 at Fig. 8? A. Molecular layer of brain cortex B. Pyramidal layer of brain cortex C. Inner granular layer of brain cortex D. Outer granular layer of brain cortex E. *White matter 28. Which layer of brain cortex is labeled No4 at Fig. 8? A. *Molecular layer of brain cortex B. Pyramidal layer of brain cortex к C. Inner granular layer of brain cortex D. Outer granular layer of brain cortex E. Multiform cells layer 29. Which layer of brain cortex is labeled No5 at Fig. 8? A. Molecular layer of brain cortex B. Pyramidal layer of brain cortex C. Inner granular layer of brain cortex D. *Outer granular layer of brain cortex E. Multiform cells layer 30. Which layer of brain cortex is labeled No6 at Fig. 8? A. Molecular layer of brain cortex B. Pyramidal layer of brain cortex C. Inner granular layer of brain cortex D. Outer granular layer of brain cortex E. *Pyramidal layer 31. What is pyramidal layer No at Fig. 8? A. 1 B. *6 C. 3 D. 9 E. 5 32. Which structure do you see at Fig. 8? A. Spinal cord B. Brain C. Cerebellum D. Midbrain E. *Brain cortex 33. What is endotheliocyte No at Fig. 7? A. *1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 34. What is motor cortex No at Fig. 9? A. 1 B. *2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 35. Which structure is labeled No3 at Fig. 9? A. Associative cortex of brain B. Motor cortex of brain C. *Sensory (visual) cortex of brain D. Cerebellum E. Spinal cord 36. What is sensory (visual) cortex No at Fig. 9? A. 1 B. 2 C. *3 D. 4 E. 5 37. Which nerve cell do you see at Fig. 10? A. Purkinje cell B. *Betz’s cell C. Stellate cell D. Basket cell E. Horizontal cell 38. Which organ do you see at Fig. 11? A. Spinal cord B. Головний мозок C. *Cerebellum D. Midbrain E. Brain cortex 39. Which layer of brain cortex is labeled No1 at Fig. 12? A. *Molecular layer B. Purkinje cells dendrites C. Purkinje cells perikarions D. Cells of granular layer E. Vessel 40. Which cerebellar structure is labeled No2 at Fig. 12? A. Molecular layer B. *Purkinje cells dendrites C. Purkinje cells perikarions D. Cells of granular layer E. Vessel 41. Which cerebellar structure is labeled No3 at Fig. 12? A. Molecular layer B. Purkinje cells dendrites C. *Purkinje cells perikarions D. Cells of granular layer E. Vessel 42. Which cerebellar structure is labeled No4 at Fig. 12? A. Molecular layer B. Purkinje cells dendrites C. Purkinje cells perikarions D. *Cells of granular layer E. Vessel 43. What is No of molecular layer of cerebellum at Fig. 13? A. *1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 44. What is No of gangluonic layer of cerebellum at Fig. 13? A. 1 B. *2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 45. What is granular layer of cerebellum No at Fig. 13? A. 1 B. 2 C. *3 D. 4 E. 5 46. Which structure of respiratory system conducting portion do you see at Fig. No14? A. Acinus B. Middle bronchus C. Small bronchus D. *Terminal bronchiole E. Blood vessel 47. Which structure is labeled No 2-4 at Fig. No15? A. *Acinus B. Middle bronchus C. Small bronchus D. Terminal bronchiole E. Blood vessel 48. Which structure is labeled No 4 at Fig. No15? A. Bronchiolee B. Terminal bronchiole C. *Alveolar sac D. Acinus E. Alveolar (respiratory) bronchiole 49. Which structure is labeled No 5 at Fig. No16? A. *Endotheliocyte B. Pericyte C. Basement membrane D. Respiratory alveolocyte E. Secretory alveolocyte 50. What kind of bronchus do you see at Fig. No17? A. Principal B. *Large C. Middle D. Small E. Bronchiole 51. Which structure is labeled No 1 at Fig. No18? A. Lungs B. Bronchi C. *Conducting portion D. Respiratory portion E. Blood vessels branches 52. Name the organ at Fig. No19: A. Lymphatic вузол B. Spleen C. Lungs D. Thymus E. *Kidney 53. Designate the structure at Fig. No20: A. Renal cortex B. Renal medulla C. *Renal corpuscle D. Lymphoid follicle E. Nephron 54. Which structure is labeled No1 at Fig. No21 in nephron? A. Renal corpuscle B. Distal tubule C. Proximal tubule D. Straight tubule E. *Клубочок capillaryів 55. Which structure is labeled No2 at Fig. No21 in nephron? A. Renal corpuscle B. Distal tubule C. Proximal tubule D. Straight tubule E. *Urinary space 56. Which structure is labeled No3 at Fig. No21 in nephron? A. Renal corpuscle B. Distal tubule C. *Proximal convoluted tubule D. Straight tubule E. Urinary space 57. Which structure is labeled No4 at Fig. No21 in nephron? A. Renal corpuscle B. *Distal convoluted tubule C. Proximal convoluted tubule D. Straight tubule E. Urinary space 58. Which structure is labeled No6 at Fig. No21 in nephron? A. Renal corpuscle B. Distal convoluted tubule C. Proximal convoluted tubule D. Straight tubule E. *Collecting tubule 59. Which structure is labeled No7 at Fig. No21 in nephron? A. *Loop of Henle B. Distal convoluted tubule C. Proximal convoluted tubule D. Straight tubule E. Collecting tubule 60. Which structure of respiratory portion do you see Fig. No22? A. Filtrative barrier of kidney B. Blood capillary C. Lymphatic capillary D. *Air-hematic barrier E. Alveolar (respiratory) bronchiole 61. Which structure of air-hematic barrier is labeled No1 at Fig. No22? A. Respiratory alveolocyte B. Secretory alveolocyte C. *Basement membrane D. Surfactant E. Epitheliocyte 62. Designate the organ at Fig. No23: A. Spleen B. Liver C. *Kidney D. Heart E. Lungs 63. Which structure is labeled No 1 at Fig. No23: A. *Renal cortex B. Renal medulla C. Adrenal cortex D. Adrenal medulla E. Cortex of thymus 64. Which structure of kidney is labeled No1 at Fig. No24? A. *Afferent arteriole B. Interlobular artery C. Arcuate artery D. Efferent arteriole E. Capillary 65. Which structure is labeled No3 at Fig. No24? A. Afferent arteriole B. Interlobular artery C. Arcuate artery D. *Efferent arteriole E. Capillary 66. Which structure of lungs do you see at Fig. No25? A. Filtrative barrier of kidney B. Blood capillary C. Lymphatic capillary D. *Air-hematic barrier E. Alveolar (respiratory) bronchiolee 67. Which structure is labeled No 1 at Fig. No25 в аерогематичному бар’єрі: A. *Cytoplasm respiratory alveolocyte B. Cytoplasm secretory alveolocyte C. Cytoplasm Pericyteа D. Cytoplasm Endotheliocyteа E. Cytoplasm of macrophages 68. Which structure is labeled No 2 at Fig. No25 в аерогематичному бар’єрі: A. Cytoplasm respiratory alveolocyte B. Cytoplasm secretory alveolocyte C. Cytoplasm of pericyte D. *Cytoplasm of endotheliocyte E. Cytoplasm of macrophages 69. Which cell of filtrative barrier do you see at Fig. No 26? A. Endotheliocyte B. Mesangiocyte C. Macrophages D. *Podocyte E. Pericyte 70. Which structure of female reproductive system do you see at Fig. 27? A. Uterus B. Ovary C. *Uterine tube D. Vagina E. Uterine cervix 71. Which structure of uterine tube is labeled No6 at Fig. 27? A. Myometrium longitudinal layer B. Myometrium circular layer C. *Fimbria of mucosa D. Folds of mucosa E. Serosa 72. Which structure of uterine tube is labeled No5 at Fig. 27? A. Myometrium longitudinal layer B. Myometrium circular layer C. Mucosa оболонка D. Folds of mucosa E. *Serosa 73. Which structure of female reproductive system do you see at Fig. 28? A. Uterus B. Ovary C. *Uterine tube D. Vagina E. Uterine cervix 74. Which structures of uterine tube are labeled No1 at Fig. 28? A. *Cilia B. Folds C. Fimbria D. Ciliated cells E. Secretory cells 75. Which structure of female reproductive system do you see at Fig. 29? A. *Uterus B. Ovary C. Uterine tube D. Vagina E. Uterine cervix 76. Which structure of uterine mucosa is labeled No2 at Fig. 29? A. Myometrium longitudinal layer B. Lamina propria of uterine mucosa C. Fimbria of mucosa D. Uterine space E. *Epithelium 77. Which uterine tunica is labeled No 3 at Fig. 29? A. Serosa B. Lamina propria of uterine mucosa C. Muscular D. *Mucosa E. Epithelium 78. Which uterine tunica is labeled No7 at Fig. 29? A. Serosa B. Lamina propria of uterine mucosa C. *Muscular D. Mucosa E. Epithelium 79. Which structure of uterine mucosa is labeled No9 at Fig. 29? A. Myometrium longitudinal layer B. Lamina propria of uterine mucosa C. Fimbria of mucosa D. *Uterine glands E. Epithelium 80. Which uterine tunica is labeled No10 at Fig. 29? A. *Serosa B. Lamina propria of uterine mucosa C. Muscular D. Mucosa E. Epithelium 81. Which structure of uterine mucosa is labeled No9 at Fig. 29? A. Myometrium longitudinal layer B. Lamina propria of uterine mucosa C. Fimbria of mucosa D. *Glands E. Epithelium 82. Which structure of uterine mucosa is labeled No2 at Fig. 30? A. Myometrium longitudinal layer B. *Lamina propria of uterine mucosa C. Fimbria of mucosa D. Glands E. Epithelium 83. Which structure of uterine mucosa is labeled No3 at Fig. 30? A. Myometrium longitudinal layer B. Lamina propria of uterine mucosa C. Fimbria of mucosa D. Glands E. *Epithelium 84. Which layer of uterine mucosa is labeled No4 at Fig. 30? A. *Functional B. Basal C. Submucosal D. Mucosal E. Epithelial 85. Which layer of uterine mucosa is labeled No5 at Fig. 30? A. Functional B. *Basal C. Submucosal D. Mucosal E. Epithelial 86. Which phase of menstrual cycle is labeled No8 at Fig. 30? A. Functional B. Basal C. *Desquamation D. Secretion E. Proliferation 87. Which phase of menstrual cycle is labeled No9 at Fig. 30? A. Functional B. Basal C. Desquamation D. Secretion E. *Proliferation 88. Which phase of menstrual cycle is labeled No7 at Fig. 30? A. Functional B. Basal C. Desquamation D. *Secretion E. Proliferation 89. Which functional condition of mammary gland is labeled No1 at Fig. 31? A. Lactation B. *Pregnancy absence C. Period of pregnancy D. Secretion E. Proliferation 90. Which functional condition of mammary gland is labeled No2 at Fig. 31? A. Lactation B. Pregnancy absence C. *Period of pregnancy D. Secretion E. Proliferation 91. Which structure of mammary gland is labeled No1 at Fig. 32? A. *Secretory lobule B. Adipose tissue C. Lactiferous duct D. Lactiferous sinus E. Nipple 92. Which structure of mammary gland is labeled No2 at Fig. 32? A. Secretory lobule B. *Adipose tissue C. Lactiferous duct D. Lactiferous sinus E. Nipple 93. Which structure of mammary gland is labeled No3 at Fig. 32? A. Secretory lobule B. Жирова клітковина C. *Lactiferous duct D. Lactiferous sinus E. Nipple 94. Which organ do you see at Fig.39? A. Thymus B. *Spleen C. Lymphatic node D. Red bone marrow E. Hemolymphatic node 95. Which histological structure of is labeled No 1 at Fig. 39? A. *Red pulp B. White pulp C. Lymphatic nodule D. Capsule E. Light reactive center 96. Which histological structure of spleen is labeled No2 at Fig.39? A. Red pulp B. White pulp C. Lymphatic nodule D. Central artery E. *Light reactive center 97. Which histological structure of spleen is labeled No5 at Fig.39? A. Red pulp B. White pulp C. *Lymphatic nodule D. Capsule E. Light reactive center 98. Which histological structure of spleen is labeled No7 at Fig.39? A. Red pulp B. White pulp C. Lymphatic nodule D. *Capsule E. Light reactive center 99. Which organ do you see at Fig. 34? A. Thymus B. Spleen C. *Lymphatic node D. Red bone marrow E. Hemolymphatic node 100. Which organ do you see at Fig.35? A. Thymus B. Spleen C. Lymphatic node D. *Red bone marrow E. Hemolymphatic node 101. Which cell of thymus is labeled No1 at Fig.36? A. Epithelioreticulocyte B. *Lymphocyte C. Reticuloepitheliocyte D. Macrophages E. В-lymphocyte 102. Which cell of thymus is labeled No2 at Fig.36? A. *Epithelioreticulocyte B. Lymphocyte C. Reticuloepitheliocyte D. Macrophages E. В-lymphocyte 103. Which structure of lymph node is labeled No9 at Fig.37? A. Connective tissue capsule B. *Medulla C. Cortex D. Sinus of hilum E. Paracortical zone 104. Which structure of lymph node is labeled No10 at Fig.37?. A. Connective tissue capsule B. *Subcapsular sinus C. Cortex D. Sinus of hilum E. Paracortical zone 105. Which structure of lymph node is labeled No11 at Fig.37? A. *Afferent lymphatic vessel B. Subcapsular sinus C. Efferent lymphatic vessel D. Sinus of hilum E. Paracortical zone 106. Which structure of lymph node is labeled No4 at Fig.37? A. *Medullary cords B. Subcapsular sinus C. Cortex D. Sinus of hilum E. Paracortical zone 107. What is lymphatic noduli No in the lymph node at Fig.37? A. *12 B. 5 C. 3 D. 4 E. 9 108. Which histological structure of spleen is labeled No4 at Fig.38? A. Red pulp B. White pulp C. Lymphatic nodule D. Light reactive center E. *Capsule 109. Which histological structure of spleen is labeled No2 at Fig.38? A. Red pulp B. White pulp C. *Lymphatic nodule D. Light reactive center E. Capsule 110. Which histological structure of spleen is labeled No7 at Fig.38? A. Red pulp B. White pulp C. Lymphatic nodule D. *Light reactive center E. Capsule 111. Which histological structure of spleen is labeled No9 at Fig.38? A. Red pulp B. White pulp C. Lymphatic nodule D. Light reactive center E. *Periarterial lymphatic sheath 112. Which histological structure of spleen is labeled No6 at Fig.38? A. *Red pulp B. White pulp C. Lymphatic nodule D. Light reactive center E. Capsule 113. What is lymphatic nodule No in the lymph node at Fig.39? A. *2 B. 4 C. 1 D. 9 E. 6 114. Which organ do you see at Fig.33? A. *Thymus B. Spleen C. Lymphatic node D. Red bone marrow E. Hemolymphatic node 115. Which structure of thymus is labeled No4 at Fig.33? A. Connective tissue capsule B. Medulla C. *Cortex D. Hassal’s corpuscle E. Thymic lobule 116. Which structure of thymus is labeled No3 at Fig.33? A. Connective tissue capsule B. *Medulla C. Cortex D. Hassal’s corpuscle E. Thymic lobule 117. Which organ do you see at Fig.40? A. Dorsalroot ganglion B. Cerebrospinal nerve C. Cortex of large hemispheres D. Cerebellum E. *Spinal cord 118. Which structure of spinal cord is labeled No 12 at Fig.40? A. *Anterior horns of spinal cord B. Posterior horns of spinal cord C. Intermediate horns of spinal cord D. Anterior root of spinal cord E. Posterior root of spinal cord 119. Which structure of spinal cord is labeled No15 at Fig.40? A. *Anterior median fissure B. Posterior median sulcus C. Anterior cerebrospinal artery D. Posterior root of spinal cord E. Intermediate horns of spinal cord 120. Which structure of spinal cord is labeled No 6 at Fig.41? A. Intermediate horns of spinal cord B. *Posterior funiculi C. Anterior funiculi D. Lateral funiculi E. Cerebrospinal canal 121. Which structure of spinal cord is labeled No5 at Fig.41? A. Intermediate horns of spinal cord B. Posterior funiculi C. Anterior funiculi D. *Lateral funiculi E. Cerebrospinal canal 122. Which structure of spinal cord is labeled No4 at Fig.41? A. Intermediate horns of spinal cord B. Posterior funiculi C. *Anterior funiculi D. Lateral funiculi E. Cerebrospinal canal 123. Which structure of spinal cord is labeled No12 at Fig.41? A. Dorsalroot ganglion B. Autonomic ganglion C. Lateral roots D. *Dorsal roots E. Anterior roots 124. Which structure of spinal cord is labeled No11 at Fig.41? A. Dorsalroot ganglion B. Autonomic ganglion C. Lateral roots D. Dorsal roots E. *Anterior roots 125. Which structure of spinal cord is labeled No13 at Fig.41? A. *Dorsalroot ganglion B. Autonomic ganglion C. Lateral roots D. Dorsal roots E. Anterior roots 126. Which structure of spinal cord is labeled No2 at Fig.41? A. Intermediate horns of spinal cord B. Posterior funiculi C. *Posterior horns of spinal cord D. Anterior horns of spinal cord E. Cerebrospinal canal 127. Which structure of dorsalroot ganglion is labeled No1 at Fig.42? A. Anterior roots B. *Posterior roots C. Pseudounipolar neurons D. Mantial gliocytes E. Connectivetissue capsule 128. Which structure of dorsalroot ganglion is labeled No2 at Fig.42? A. *Anterior roots B. Posterior roots C. Pseudounipolar neurons D. Mantial gliocytes E. Connectivetissue capsule 129. Which structure of dorsalroot ganglion is labeled No3 at Fig.42? A. Anterior roots B. Posterior roots C. *Pseudounipolar neurons D. Mantial gliocytes E. Connectivetissue capsule 130. Which structure of dorsalroot ganglion is labeled No4 at Fig.42? A. Anterior roots B. Posterior roots C. Pseudounipolar neurons D. *Mantial gliocytes E. Connectivetissue capsule 131. Which structure of dorsalroot ganglion is labeled No5 at Fig.42? A. Anterior roots B. Posterior roots C. Pseudounipolar neurons D. *Nerve fibers E. Connectivetissue capsule 132. Which structure of dorsalroot ganglion is labeled No6 at Fig.42? A. Anterior roots B. Posterior roots C. Pseudounipolar neurons D. Mantial gliocytes E. *Connectivetissue capsule 133. Which structure of spinal cord is labeled No2 at Fig.43? A. Anterior horns of spinal cord B. *Posterior horns of spinal cord C. Intermediate horns of spinal cord D. Cerebrospinal canal E. Posterior funiculi 134. Which structure of spinal cord is labeled No5 at Fig.43? A. *Anterior horns of spinal cord B. Posterior horns of spinal cord C. Intermediate horns of spinal cord D. Cerebrospinal canal E. Posterior funiculi 135. Which structure of spinal cord is labeled No4 at Fig.43? A. Anterior horns of spinal cord B. Posterior horns of spinal cord C. *Intermediate horns of spinal cord D. Cerebrospinal canal E. Posterior funiculi 136. Which structure of nerve is labeled No1 at Fig.44? A. *Epineurium B. Perineurium C. Endoneurium D. Nerve fibers E. Vessels 137. Which structure of nerve is labeled No2 at Fig.44? A. Epineurium B. *Perineurium C. Endoneurium D. Nerve fibers E. Vessels 138. Which structure of nerve is labeled No3 at Fig.44? A. Epineurium B. Perineurium C. *Endoneurium D. Nerve fibers E. Vessels 139. Which structure of nerve is labeled No4 at Fig.44? A. Epineurium B. Perineurium C. Endoneurium D. *Nerve fibers E. Vessels 140. Which structure of nerve is labeled No5 at Fig.44? A. Epineurium B. Perineurium C. Endoneurium D. Nerve fibers E. *Adipocytes 141. Which cells of salivary glands are labeled No1 at Fig.45? A. Smooth myocytes B. *Serocytes C. Mucocytes D. Adipocytes E. Myoepithelial cells 142. Which structure of salivary gland is labeled No7 at Fig.45? A. Intercalated duct B. Striated duct C. *Serous acinus D. Mucous acinus E. Sero-mucous acinus 143. Which structure of salivary gland is labeled No9 at Fig.45? A. Intercalated duct B. *Striated duct C. Serous acinus D. Mucous acinus E. Sero-mucous acinus 144. Which cells of salivary glands are labeled No11 at Fig.45? A. Smooth myocytes B. Serocytes C. *Mucocytes D. Adipocytes E. Myoepithelial cells 145. Which structure of salivary gland is labeled No1 at Fig.46? A. Intercalated duct B. Striated duct C. Serous acinus D. Mucous acinus E. *General secretory duct 146. Which structure of salivary gland is labeled No2 at Fig.46? A. Intercalated duct B. Striated duct C. Serous acinus D. *Interlobular duct E. Common excretory duct 147. Which structure of salivary gland is labeled No5 at Fig.46? A. Intercalated duct B. Striated duct C. *Secretory portion D. Interlobular duct E. Common excretory duct 148. Which structure of salivary gland is labeled No4 at Fig.47? A. Intercalated duct B. Striated duct C. Secretory portion D. *Lobule E. Serous acinus 149. Which structure of salivary gland is labeled No7 at Fig.47? A. Mucous acinus B. Intercalated duct C. *Mixed acinus D. Lobule E. Serous acinus 150. Which cells of salivary glands are labeled No8 at Fig.47? A. Smooth myocytes B. Serocytes C. Mucocytes D. *Myoepithelial cells E. Hepatocytes 151. Which cells of pancreatic islet are labeled No1 at Fig.48? A. *А- insulocytes B. В- insulocytes C. Centroacinar cells D. Myoepithelial cells E. Hepatocytes 152. Which cells of pancreatic islet are labeled No3 at Fig.48? A. А- insulocytes B. *В- insulocytes C. Centroacinar cells D. Myoepithelial cells E. Hepatocytes 153. Which gland of digestive system structural components at Fig.49 are typical for? A. *Liver B. Pancreas C. Parotid gland D. Submandibular gland E. Sublingual gland 154. Which structure of liver is labeled No1 at Fig.49? A. Hepatic acinus B. *Hepatic lobule C. Triad D. Portal lobule E. Portal tract 155. Which structure of liver is labeled No5 at Fig.49? A. *Hepatic acinus B. Hepatic lobule C. Triad D. Portal lobule E. Portal tract 156. Which structure of liver is labeled No6 at Fig.49? A. Hepatic acinus B. Hepatic lobule C. Sinusoidal capillary D. *Portal tract E. Portal lobule 157. Which hepatic vessel is labeled No7 at Fig.50? A. Aroundlobular artery B. Interlobular artery C. Sinusoidal capillary D. Portal lobule E. *Central vein 158. Which structures of hepatic lobule are labeled No8 at Fig.50? A. Aroundlobular arteries B. *Hepatic cords C. Sinusoidal capillaries D. Portal lobules E. Central veins 159. Which structure of liver is labeled No9 at Fig.50? A. *Bile capillary B. Interlobular artery C. Sinusoidal capillary D. Portal lobule E. Central vein 160. Which structure of hepatic lobule is labeled No11 at Fig.50? A. Bile capillary B. Interlobular artery C. *Sinusoidal capillary D. Portal lobule E. Central vein 161. Which cells of liver are labeled No5 at Fig.50? A. Hepatocytes B. Ito cells C. Centroacinar cells D. *Endotheliocytes E. Kupffer cells 162. Structural components of which gland of digestive system are seen at Fig.51? A. Sublingual gland B. Pancreas C. Parotid gland D. Submandibular gland E. *Liver 163. Which morphofunctional unite of liver is labeled No1 at Fig.51? A. Portal lobule B. *Classic hepatic lobule C. Hepatic acinus D. Interlobular bile duct E. Interlobular vein 164. Which morphofunctional unite of liver is labeled No2 at Fig.51? A. *Portal lobule B. Classic hepatic lobule C. Hepatic acinus D. Interlobular bile duct E. Interlobular vein 165. Lingual papillae of which type are labeled No7 at Fig.52? A. Circumvalate B. Foliate C. Fungiform D. *Filiform E. Conical 166. Lingual papillae of which type are labeled No8 at Fig.52? A. Circumvalate B. Foliate C. *Fungiform D. Filiform E. Conical 167. Lingual papillae of which type are labeled No6 at Fig.52? A. *Circumvalate B. Foliate C. Fungiform D. Filiform E. Conical 168. Which structure of the tongue is labeled No2 at Fig.53? A. Lingual papillae B. Minor salivary glands C. Taste buds D. *Secondary papillae E. Large salivary glands 169. Which structure of the tongue do you see at Fig.54? A. Lingual papillae B. Minor salivary glands C. *Смакова брунька D. Secondary papillae E. Large salivary glands 170. What kind of cells in the taste bud are labeled No2 at Fig.54? A. Supporting B. Receptor cells C. *Basal cells D. Chief cells E. Epithelial cells 171. What kind of cells in the taste bud are labeled No5 at Fig.54? A. Supporting B. *Receptor cells C. Basal cells D. Chief cells E. Epithelial cells 172. What kind of cells in the taste bud are labeled No6 at Fig.54? A. *Supporting B. Receptor cells C. Basal cells D. Chief cells E. Epithelial cells 173. Which component of taste bud is labeled No3 at Fig.54? A. Stratified ciliated epithelium B. *Taste pore C. Microvilli D. Receptor cells E. Epithelial cells 174. Which part of alimentary tract do you see at Fig.55? A. Tubal tonsil B. Pharingeal tonsil C. Laringeal tonsil D. *Palatine tonsil E. Esophagus 175. Which structure of tonsil is labeled No3 at Fig.55? A. Villus B. *Crypt C. Gland D. Pit E. Fold 176. Which structures of tonsil are labeled No5 at Fig.55? A. Connectivetissue septae B. Crypts C. Glands D. Pits E. *Lymph nodules 177. Which part of alimentary tract do you see at Fig.56? A. Tubal tonsil B. Palatine tonsil C. Laringeal tonsil D. Pharingeal tonsil E. *Esophagus 178. Which structure of esophageal mucosa is labeled No1 at Fig.56? A. Lamina propria B. Muscularis mucosa C. *Epithelium D. Submucosa E. Muscularis externa 179. Which structure of esophageal wall is labeled No2 at Fig.56? A. *Esophageal glands B. Muscularis mucosa C. Epithelium D. Submucosa E. Muscularis externa 180. Which structure of esophageal mucosa is labeled No3 at Fig.56? A. Lamina propria B. *Muscularis mucosa C. Epithelium D. Submucosa E. Muscularis externa 181. Which tunica of esophagus is labeled No5 at Fig.56? A. Lamina propria B. Muscularis mucosa C. Epithelium D. *Submucosa E. Muscularis externa 182. Which structure of esophagus is labeled No6 at Fig.56? A. Lamina propria B. Muscularis mucosa C. Epithelium D. *Longitudinal layer of muscularis externa E. Circular layer of muscularis externa 183. Which structure of esophagus is labeled No7 at Fig.56? A. Lamina propria B. Muscularis mucosa C. Epithelium D. Longitudinal layer of muscularis externa E. *Circular layer of muscularis externa 184. Which part of alimentary tract do you see at Fig.57? A. Tubal tonsil B. Palatine tonsil C. Laringeal tonsil D. *Esophageo-gastric junction E. Esophagus 185. Which structure of gastric mucosa do you see at Fig.58? A. Pyloric gland B. Cardial gland C. *Proper gastric gland D. Submucosa E. Muscularis externa 186. Which part of proper gastric gland is labeled A at Fig.58? A. *Fundus B. Body C. Neck D. Fold E. Microvillus 187. Which structure of intestinal mucosa do you see at Fig.59? A. Pyloric gland B. Cardial gland C. Proper gastric gland D. Crypt E. *Villus 188. Which structures of male reproductive system do you see at Fig. 60? A. Straight seminiferous tubules B. *Convoluted seminiferous tubules C. Rete testis D. Efferent seminal tubuli E. Ejaculatory duct 189. Which cells of testis are labeled No1 at Fig.60? A. *Leydig cells B. Sertoli cells C. Spermatogonia D. Spermatocytes E. Spermatids 190. Which morphofunctional unit of testis is labeled No11 at Fig.61? A. Head of epididymis B. Convoluted seminiferous tubule C. Connectivetissue septae D. *Lobule of testis E. Tunica albuginea 191. Which cells of testis are labeled No3 at Fig.62? A. Leydig cells B. Sertoli cells C. Spermatogonia D. *Primary spermatocytes E. Fibroblasts 192. Which cells of testis are labeled No3 at Fig.62? A. Leydig cells B. Sertoli cells C. *Spermatozoa D. Primary spermatocytes E. Fibroblasts 193. Which cells of testis are labeled No7 at Fig.62? A. Leydig cells B. *Sertoli cells C. Spermatozoa D. Primary spermatocytes E. Fibroblasts 194. Which cells of testis are labeled No9 at Fig.62? A. Leydig cells B. Sertoli cells C. *Spermatids D. Primary spermatocytes E. Fibroblasts 195. Which cells of testis are labeled No11 at Fig.62? A. Leydig cells B. Sertoli cells C. Spermatids D. *Primary spermatocytes E. Fibroblasts 196. Which cells of testis are labeled No12 at Fig.62? A. Leydig cells B. Sertoli cells C. *Spermatogonia D. Primary spermatocytes E. Fibroblasts 197. Which cells of testis are labeled No16 at Fig.62? A. Myoid cells B. Sertoli cells C. Spermatogonia D. Primary spermatocytes E. *Leydig cells 198. Which stage of spermatogenesis is labeled A at scheme 63? A. Reproduction B. Growth C. *Formation D. Maturation E. Rest period 199. Which stage of spermatogenesis is labeled B at scheme 63? A. Reproduction B. Growth C. Formation D. *Maturation E. Rest period 200. Which stage of spermatogenesis is labeled C at scheme 63? A. Reproduction B. *Growth C. Formation D. Maturation E. Rest period 201. Which stage of spermatogenesis is labeled D at scheme 63? A. *Reproduction B. Growth C. Formation D. Maturation E. Rest period 202. Which cells of reproductive stage of spermatogenesis are labeled No1 at scheme63? A. Myoid cells B. Sertoli cells C. Spermatids D. *Spermatogonia E. Leydig cells 203. Which cells of reproductive stage of spermatogenesis are labeled No2 at scheme63? A. Myoid cells B. Sertoli cells C. Spermatids D. Spermatogonia E. *Primary spermatocytes 204. Which cells of reproductive stage of spermatogenesis are labeled No7 at scheme63? A. Myoid cells B. Sertoli cells C. *Spermatozoa D. Residual bodies E. Secondary spermatocytes 205. Which structures of male reproductive system do you see at Fig. 64? A. *Epididymal duct B. Testis C. Rete testis D. Efferent seminal tubuli E. Ejaculatory duct 206. Which structures of epididymal head cells are labeled at Fig.64? A. Nuclei B. *Stereocilia C. Microvilli D. Cilia E. Flagellae 207. Epithelium of which type do you see in epididymal duct at Fig.64: A. Simple squamous B. Simple cuboidal C. *Pseudostratified D. Transitional (urothelium) E. Stratified squamous 208. Which structures of male reproductive system do you see at Fig.65? A. Epididymal duct B. Testis C. Rete testis D. Efferent seminal tubuli E. *Deferent duct 209. Which structures of male reproductive system do you see at Fig.66? A. Epididymal duct B. Testis C. *Передміхурова залоза D. Efferent seminal tubuli E. Deferent duct 210. Which structures of prostate gland are labeled No1 at Fig.66? A. *Prostatic glands B. Prostasomes C. Glandular epithelium D. Smooth myocytes E. Spermatozoa 211. Which structures of prostate gland are labeled No3 at Fig. 66? A. Prostatic glands B. *Prostasomes C. Glandular epithelium D. Smooth myocytes E. Spermatozoa 212. Which tunic of the eye do you see at Fig.67? A. *Cornea B. Sclera C. Iris D. Conjunctiva E. Organ of Corti 213. Which layer of cornea is labeled No 1 at Fig.67? A. Epithelium B. *Anterior limiting membrane C. Proper substance D. Posterior limiting membrane E. Nerve fiber 214. Which layer of cornea is labeled No 2 at Fig.67? A. Epithelium B. Anterior limiting membrane C. *Proper substance D. Posterior limiting membrane E. Nerve fiber 215. Which layer of cornea is labeled No 4 at Fig.67? A. *Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium B. Anterior limiting membrane C. Proper substance D. Posterior limiting membrane E. Nerve fiber 216. What is stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium No at Fig.67 (in cornea)? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. *4 E. 5 217. Which cell of retina do you see at Fig.71? A. *Rod cell B. Cone cell C. Horizontal cell D. Amacrine cell E. Melanocytes 218. What is cochlear duct No at Fig.72? A. 1 B. 2 C. *3 D. 4 E. 5 219. Which structure is labeled No 4 at Fig.72? A. Cochlear duct B. *Stria vascularis C. Vestibular membrane D. Spiral ligament E. Limbus 220. Which structure is labeled No5 at Fig.72? A. Cochlear duct B. Stria vascularis C. *Vestibular membrane D. Spiral ligament E. Limbus 221. What is tectorial membrane of Corti’s organ No at Fig.73? A. 1 B. *2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 222. Which structure of ampullar crest is labeled No1 at Fig.74? A. Hair cells B. Supporting cells C. *Cupule D. Ampullar crest E. Nereve fibers 223. Which cells of ampullar crest are labeled No2 at Fig.74? A. *Hair cells B. Supporting cells C. Cupule D. Ampullar crest E. Nereve fibers 224. Which cells of ampullar crest are labeled No3 at Fig.74? A. Hair cells B. *Supporting cells C. Cupule D. Ampullar crest E. Nereve fibers 225. Which structures of ampullar crest are labeled No4 at Fig.74? A. Hair cells B. Supporting cells C. Cupule D. Ampullar crest E. *Nereve fibers 226. Which cells of Corti’s organ are labeled No1 at Fig.73? A. *Hair cells B. Supporting cells C. Deiter’s cells D. Hensen cells E. Claudius cells 227. Which structure of sense organ is labeled No1 at Fig.75? A. *Kinocilia B. Stereocilia C. Microvilli D. Cilia E. Flagellae 228. Which structure of sense organ is labeled No2 at Fig.75? A. Kinocilia B. *Stereocilia C. Microvilli D. Cilia E. Flagellae 229. Which structure of retina do you see at Fig.69? A. *Yellow spot B. Blind spot C. Optic nerve D. Inner plexiform layer E. Melanocytes 230. Which structure of sense organ do you see at Fig.70? A. Retina B. Cornea C. Optic nerve D. *Lens E. Iris 231. Which structure of sense organ do you see at Fig.76? A. Organ of Corti B. Retina C. Ampullar crest D. Lens E. *Macula of utricle or saccule 232. What is retina photosensory layer No at Fig.68? A. *1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 233. What is retina outer nuclear layer No at Fig.68? A. 1 B. *2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 234. What is retina inner nuclear layer No at Fig.68? A. 1 B. *2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 235. Which retinal layer is labeled No 1 at Fig.68? A. outer nuclear layer B. outer plexiform layer C. inner nuclear layer D. inner plexiform layer E. *photosensory layer 236. Which structure of skin is labeled No1 at Fig. 77? A. *Sweat gland B. Blood vessel C. Sebaceous gland D. Nerve ending E. Hair root 237. Which structure of skin is labeled No2 at Fig. 77? A. *Sebaceous gland B. Sweat gland C. Blood vessel D. Nerve ending E. Hair root 238. Which structure of skin is labeled No3 at Fig. 77? A. Hair shaft B. Sweat gland C. *Hair root D. Nerve ending E. Blood vessel 239. Which structure of skin is labeled No1 at Fig. 78? A. Sebaceous gland B. Sweat gland C. Nerve ending D. *Hair shaft E. Blood vessel 240. Which structure of skin is labeled No2 at Fig. 78? A. *Epidermis B. Papillary layer of dermis C. Reticular layer of dermis D. Sebaceous gland E. Sweat gland 241. Which structure of skin is labeled No3 at Fig. 78? A. Hair root B. Inner epithelial sheath C. Hair cortex D. Hair medulla E. *Outer epithelial sheath 242. Which epidermal layer is labeled No1 at Fig. 79? A. Stratum corneum B. Stratum lucidum C. Stratum granulosum D. *Stratum spinosum E. Basal layer 243. Which tissue does papillary layer of skin consist of at Fig. 79 (No2)? A. *Loose connective B. Dense connective regular C. Dense connective irregular D. Epithelial E. Reticular 244. Which epidermal layer is labeled No4 at Fig. 80? A. Stratum corneum B. Stratum granulosum C. Papillary D. *Spinosum E. Stratum lucidum 245. Which layer of skin is labeled No5 at Fig. 80? A. Stratum corneum B. Stratum granulosum C. Papillary D. Spinosum E. *Basal layer 246. Which layer of skin is labeled No6 at Fig. 80? A. Stratum corneum B. Stratum granulosum C. *Papillary D. Spinosum E. Basal layer 247. Which layer of adrenal gland cortex is labeled No1 at Fig. 81? A. Reticular B. Funicular C. *Glomerular D. Sudanophobic E. Capsule 248. Which layer of adrenal gland cortex is labeled No1 at Fig. 82? A. *Reticular B. Funicular C. Glomerular D. Sudanophobic E. Capsule 249. Which layer of adrenal gland is labeled No2 at Fig. 82? A. Reticular B. Funicular C. Glomerular D. Sudanophobic E. *Medulla 250. Which cells are labeled No2 at Fig. 82? A. Chromophobic B. Chromophilic C. *Chromaffin D. Adrenocorticocytes E. Spongiocytes 251. Which cells of adrenal medulla are labeled No1 at Fig. 83? A. Chromophobic B. Chromophilic C. *Epinephrocytes D. Norepinephrocytes E. Adrenocorticocyte 252. Which structure of adrenal gland is labeled No1 at Fig. 84? A. *Capsule B. Cambial cells C. Glomerular zone D. Funicular zone E. Sudanophobic zone 253. Which structure of adrenal gland is labeled No3 at Fig. 84? A. Capsule B. Cambial cells C. *Glomerular zone D. Funicular zone E. Sudanophobic шар 254. Which structure of adrenal gland is labeled No4 at Fig. 84? A. Capsule B. *Cambial cells C. Glomerular zone D. Funicular zone E. Sudanophobic zone 255. Which structure of adrenal gland is labeled No5 at Fig. 84? A. Capsule B. Cambial cells C. Glomerular zone D. *Fuscicular zone E. Sudanophobic zone 256. Which layer of endocrine cells do you see in adrenal gland at Fig. 85? A. Reticular B. Funicular C. *Glomerular D. Sudanophobic E. Capsule 257. Which layer of endocrine cells do you see in adrenal gland at Fig. 86? A. Sudanophobic шар B. *Funicular zone C. Glomerular zone D. Reticular zone E. Capsule 258. Which structure of adrenal gland is labeled No1 at Fig. 87? A. Sudanophobic шар B. Funicular zone C. *Glomerular zone D. Reticular zone E. Capsule 259. Which structure of adrenal gland is labeled No3 at Fig. 87? A. Sudanophobic шар B. *Fuscicular zone C. Glomerular zone D. Reticular zone E. Capsule 260. Which structure is labeled No1 at Fig. 88? A. anterior pituitary B. posterior pituitary C. *tuberal portion of pituitary gland D. pituitary stalk E. intermediate lobe of pituitary gland 261. Which structure is labeled No2 at Fig. 88? A. anterior pituitary B. posterior pituitary C. tuberal portion of pituitary gland D. *pituitary stalk E. intermediate lobe of pituitary gland 262. Which structure is labeled No5 at Fig. 88? A. anterior pituitary gland B. posteriorpituitary gland C. tuberal portion ofpituitary gland D. pituitary glandарна ніжка E. *intermediate lobe ofpituitary gland 263. Which structure is labeled No6 at Fig. 88? A. *anterior pituitary B. posterior pituitary C. tuberal portion of pituitary gland D. pituitary stalk E. intermediate lobe of pituitary gland 264. Which structure is labeled No4 at Fig. 88? A. anterior pituitary B. *posterior pituitary C. tuberal portion of pituitary gland D. pituitary stalk E. intermediate lobe of pituitary gland 265. Which endocrine gland do you see at Fig. 89? A. hypothalamus B. pituitary gland C. *epiphysis D. thyroid gland E. parathyroid gland 266. What is the number of epiphysis capsule at Fig. 89? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. *5 267. What is the number of pinealocytes at Fig. 89? A. 1 B. 2 C. *3 D. 4 E. 5 268. What is the number of brain sand at Fig. 89? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. *4 E. 5 269. What is the number of blood vessel in epiphysis at Fig. 89? A. 1 B. *2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 270. What is the number of connective tissue in epiphysis at Fig. 89? A. *1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 271. Which structure is labeled No1 at Fig. 90? A. interfollicular cells B. thyrocytes C. space of follicle D. *follicles E. connective tissue layer 272. Which structure is labeled No2 at Fig. 90? A. interfollicular cells B. *thyrocytes C. space of follicle D. follicles E. connective tissue layer 273. Which structure is labeled No3 at Fig. 90? A. interfollicular cells B. thyrocytes C. coloid D. follicles E. *connective tissue layer 274. Which structure is labeled No4 at Fig. 90? A. interfollicular cells B. *coloid C. space of follicle D. follicles E. connective tissue septa 275. Which structure is labeled No5 at Fig. 90? A. *interfollicular cells B. thyrocytes C. space of follicle D. follicles E. connective tissue layer 276. Which structure is labeled No1 at Fig. 91? A. interfollicular cells B. thyrocytes C. space of follicle D. *follicles E. connective tissue layer 277. Which structure is labeled No2 at Fig. 91? A. interfollicular cells B. *thyrocytes C. space of follicle D. follicles E. connective tissue layer 278. Which structure is labeled No3 at Fig. 91? A. interfollicular cells B. thyrocytes C. *coloid D. follicles E. connective tissue layer 279. Which structure is labeled No4 at Fig. 91? A. interfollicular cells B. coloid C. space of follicle D. follicles E. *connective tissue septa 280. Which endocrine gland do you see at Fig. 91? A. hypothalamus B. pituitary gland C. epiphysis D. *thyroid gland E. parathyroid gland 281. Which endocrine cell do you see at Fig. 92? A. adrenocorticocyte B. pituicyte C. pinealocyte D. *thyrocyte E. parathyrocyte 282. Which endocrine gland do you see at Fig. 93? A. hypothalamus B. pituitary gland C. epiphysis D. thyroid gland E. *parathyroid gland