Download Handouts Ch 4

Sensation - The process by which receptor
cells are stimulated and transmit their
information to higher brain centers.
Perception - The process that organizes
various
sensations
into
meaningful
patterns.
The five universal senses:
vision, hearing, touch, smell, taste
Depth perception - The organization of
sensations in three dimensions, even
though the image on the eye’s retina is twodimensional.
Source: Shiraev E. and Levy, D. Cross-Cultural Psychology. (2007). Second Edition. Boston: Allyn and Bacon
Altered State of Consciousness (ASC) The general name for phenomena that are
different than normal, waking flow of
consciousness
and
include
mystic
experiences, meditation, hypnosis, trance,
and possession.
Trance is a sleeplike state marked by reduced
sensitivity to stimuli, loss or alteration of
knowledge, and automatic motor activity.
Trances are often induced by external sources
such as music, singing, and direct suggestion
from another person. Trances may provide a
sense of protection, wisdom, and greatness.
For the group, it can induce a sense of
togetherness and unity.
Source: Shiraev E. and Levy, D. Cross-Cultural Psychology. (2007). Second Edition. Boston: Allyn and Bacon
Meditation is a quiet and relaxed state of
tranquility in which a person achieves an integration
of thoughts, perceptions, and attitudes. Usually, this
state is attained with the cooperation of a special
principle or belief. People who meditate often
describe their experience as leading to liberation
from the self or an expansion of conscious
awareness.
Hypnosis is a process of alteration of a person’s
consciousness, characterized by willingness to
cooperate with a person who conduct hypnosis,
heightened suggestibility and receptivity to
direction.
Source: Shiraev E. and Levy, D. Cross-Cultural Psychology. (2007). Second Edition. Boston: Allyn and Bacon
Dreams - Story-like sequences of images
occurring during sleep.
Monophasic cultures: People in these
cultures tend to share materialistic view on
psychological experience; they tend to
value cognitive experiences that take place
only during normal waking phases and do
not incorporate dreams into the process of
social perception and cognition. Dreams
are regarded as indirect indications of the
dreamer's concerns, fears, and desires.
Polyphasic cultures: People in these
cultures tend to share spiritual or traditional
view on psychological experience; they
also tend to value dreams and treat them
as part of reality.
Source: Shiraev E. and Levy, D. Cross-Cultural Psychology. (2007). Second Edition. Boston: Allyn and Bacon
Aesthetic experience – A term used to
identify the feeling of pleasure evoked by
stimuli that are perceived as beautiful,
attractive, and rewarding. The term also
refers to displeasure evoked by stimuli that
are perceived as ugly, unattractive, and
unrewarding.
Source: Shiraev E. and Levy, D. Cross-Cultural Psychology. (2007). Second Edition. Boston: Allyn and Bacon
The impact of experience on perception:
My wife and my mother-in-law
The impact of experience on perception:
An island…..
A crater….
The impact of experience on perception:
What does the sign say?