Download Gizmo lesson plan

Lesson Plan Diversity of Living Things – Viruses
Subject area: SBI3U
Overall Expectation:
B3. demonstrate an understanding of the diversity of living organisms in terms of the
principles of taxonomy and phylogeny.
Specific Expectation:
B3.2 compare and contrast the structure and function of different types of prokaryotes,
eukaryotes, and viruses (e.g., compare and contrast genetic material, metabolism,
organelles, and other cell parts)
Objectives:
At the end of this lesson, students will be able to describe the differences between RNA and
DNA viruses, and the lytic cycle and lysogenic cycle
Materials to be used in the delivery of the lesson:
Computer, projector, virus lytic cycle gizmo, handout, index cards, SBI3U textbook
Procedures:
Introductory Experience:
As an introduction to viruses, I will ask the students who has ever had the flu? I will ask
them what causes the flu and what are some of the ways that we can prevent the getting
the flu? If the students can answer that a virus causes the flu, I will then ask them what
other diseases are caused by viruses? I will then explain to the students that they will be
learning about viruses, and more specifically the composition, size, types and reproduction
of viruses. I will then show the students the following youtube clip about influenza:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TVLo2CtB3GA&feature=related. This will lead into the
lesson about viruses.
Instructional Sequence:
1. See introductory experience
2. I will give the students the handout and instruct them to fill in the missing information.
3. I will explain that viruses are classified as a non-cellular particle made up of proteincovered genetic material that can invade living cells. I will also explain that there is debate
about whether viruses are alive or not because they require a living cell for nutrition and
respiration.
4. I will explain that viruses were discovered by Russian botanist Dimitri Ivanovsky in
1892. Ivanovsky was trying to figure out what was killing his tobacco plants, and thought it
was caused by bacteria. He ground up infected leaves and filtered it to isolate the bacteria,
but didn’t find any. He found that the filtered extract still caused disease, and concluded
that the agent was smaller than a bacterium. It was not until 1935 that the virus was
identified.
5. I will explain the different parts of a virus by labeling a diagram
6. I will explain the various sizes of viruses.
7. I will explain that viruses can be composed of RNA instead of DNA. I will also explain
what are retroviruses.
8. I will explain that virus reproduction requires a cell, and that there are two types of
reproduction cycles: lytic and lysogenic. I will show the students the virus lytic cycle
gizmo.
http://www.explorelearning.com/index.cfm?method=cResource.dspView&ResourceID=44
8#
9. Once the simulation is complete, I will have the students answer the questions on the
webpage to assess their understanding of the subject. If necessary I will show the gizmo
again.
10. I will explain the lysogenic cycle to the students.
11. I will show the following youtube video that summarizes the lytic and lysogenic cycles:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wLoslN6d3Ec&feature=related.
12. The students will be given an index card. They will be instructed that on side on the
card they will create a chart to compare and contrast the lytic and lysogenic cycles. On the
other side of the index card, the students will be instructed to create a second chart to
compare and contrast RNA and DNA viruses. The students will be instructed that this is
their exit pass, and it is to be submitted before they can leave the class.
13. While the students are working on the exit passes, I will walk around the room and
monitor student progress and answer any questions.
14. See closure below
Closure:
I will tell the students that in the next class, they will learn how bacteria and viruses are
used in genetic engineering. I will also remind the students to submit their exit passes
before leaving the class.
Evaluation:
Student understanding will be evaluated by comparing the differences and similarities of
the lytic and lysogenic cycles, and the differences and similarities of RNA and DNA viruses.
SBI3U
Diversity of Living Things: Viruses
Date: _________________
Viruses are classified as a non-cellular particle made up of protein-covered genetic material
that can invade living cells.
Viruses are often classified as being closely related to prokaryotes, since their genetic
material is not surrounded by a membrane. Viruses do not metabolize energy or perform
cellular respiration. Viruses must live as parasites within the cells of a host organism.
When a virus enters the hosts cells, they take over by altering the host cells genetic make
up.
Discovery
viruses were discovered by Russian botanist Dimitri Ivanovsky in 1892.
Ivanovsky was trying to figure out what was killing his tobacco plants, and thought it was
caused by bacteria. He ground up infected leaves and filtered it to isolate the bacteria, but
didn’t find any.
He found that the filtered extract still caused disease, and concluded that the agent was
smaller than a bacterium. It was not until 1935 that the virus was identified.
Virus Particle
RNA Viruses
In normal cell processes, molecules of DNA direct all cell activities. They do this by
directing the process of protein synthesis. The genetic information coded in DNA is read by
messenger RNA (mRNA). The mRNA moves to the ribosomes and directs the synthesis of
protein.
RNA viruses contain RNA which can act as mRNA. The mRNA can provide instructions to
manufacture its own mRNA, as well as viral proteins.
Retroviruses also contain RNA as their genetic material.
When a retrovirus infects in a cell, it produces copies of viral DNA from the RNA code.
Because the direction of the genetic information is backwards they are called retroviruses
(RETRO – backwards)
Virus Reproduction Cycle
Lysogenic Cycle