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CARBOHYDRATES
1. The grid below contains the names of various carbohydrates:
A
B
C
sucrose
glucose
starch
Which box or boxes contains a carbohydrate that
a. is a disaccharide?
b. gives a blue / black colour with iodine solution?
c. has the molecular formula C6H12O6?
d. is a monosaccharide?
e. reacts with Benedict’s solution and is a
monosaccharide?
f. is a disaccharide and does not react with Benedict’s
solution?
g. is a polysaccharide?
h. is hydrolysed by acid to glucose only?
i. is a polymer of glucose?
j. has the molecular formula C12H22O11?
k. has the formula (C6H10O5)n where n has the value of
several thousand?
l. does not react with either Benedict’s solution or
iodine solution?
ETHANOL
1. Ethanol is the second member of the homologous series of
alkanols. The general formula for the members of this series is
CnH2n+1OH, where n = 1, 2, 3, 4 etc.
When ethanol burns heat is produced, the quantity of heat being
1367 kJ for every mole of ethanol burned.
The following table gives the quantity of heat produced for the
first four members of the homologous series of alkanols
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Name of alkanol
Formula
Quantity of heat
produced on burning
/ kJ mol-1
726
1367
2021
2676
Methanol
Ethanol
Propan-1-ol
Butan-1-ol
a) Enter formulae for the above alkanols.
b) Using graph paper draw a bar chart of “Quantity of heat
produced on burning” against “Name of alkanol”.
c) Estimate the quantity of heat that would be produced if 1
mole of pentan-1-ol was burned.
ALCOHOLS, CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND ESTERS
1. Name the following alkanols
a) CH3CH2OH
b) CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
c) CH3CH2CH(OH)CH2CH2CH3
d) CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2CH2CH3
e) CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3
f) CH3CH(OH)CH(CH3)CH3
g) CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2CH2CH3
h) CH3CH(OH)CH3
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2. Name the following alkanoic acids
a) CH3COOH
b) CH3CH2CH2CH2COOH
c) HCOOH
d) CH3CH(CH3)CH2COOH
e) CH3(CH2)4COOH
3. Name the following esters
a) CH3COOCH3
b) CH3COOCH2CH3
c) CH3CH2CH2COOCH3
d) CH3CH2COOCH2CH2CH3
e) CH3CH2CH2COOCH2CH2CH3
f) CH3CH2OOCCH3
2. Draw shortened structural formulae for the following esters
a) Ethyl ethanoate
b) Propyl methanoate
c) Butyl ethanoate
d) Methyl pentanoate
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ESTERS
1.
H
O
C
H
H
C
O
H
C
H
H
The names the acid and alkanol used to prepare the above ester
are
2.
H
H
C
O
C
O
H
H
H
C
C
H
H
H
The names the acid and alkanol used to prepare the above ester
are
3.
H
H
H
C
C
H
H
O
O
C
H
H
C
C
H
H
H
The names the acid and alkanol used to prepare the above ester
are
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4. Describe in detail how you would prepare a sample of the
ester ethyl ethanoate. You should mention the chemicals
used, the procedure and any safety considerations.
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