Download Appendix 1.4.6b - ANSWERS for the Major

Appendix 1.4.6b
ANSWERS for the Major Scientists Graphic Organizer
Name
Time Period/
Area of Science
Traditional Belief
Experiments
New Ideas
Reactions
- 1543-1543
- Astronomy
- geocentric (earthcentered) view of the
universe
- Aristolelian belief in
crystal spheres
- theorized about a suncentered universe, released
“On the Revolutions of the
Heavenly Spheres” a year
before he died
- Copernican hypothesis, idea that
stars, plants and earth revolved
around a fixed sun
- destroyed idea of believing in
crystal spheres moving stars
around earth
- attacked by relig. leaders, esp.
Protestant
- slow reaction
- 1546-1601
- Astronomy
- geocentric view of
universe
- detailed observations of
new star in 1572
- agreed with Copernicus’ theory
- contributed huge amounts of data
- rec’d generous grants from
Danish king to fund observatory
- 1571-1630
- Astronomy/
Mathematics
- old system of Aristotle
and Ptolemy
- worked through Brahe’s
mass of observation data
- formul. 3 laws of planetary motion
- orbits of plants around sun more
elliptical, planets don’t move at uniform
speed in their orbits & time it takes to
complete orbit around sun same as
distance to sun
- mathet. proved Copernicus’ theory
- had demolished old system of
Aristotle and Ptolemy that was
used for millenniums
- 1564-1642
- Astronomy/
Mathematics
- traditional world view
rested on determining
and accepting the proper
est. authority (i.e.
Aristolelian and
Ptolemy)
- acceleration experiment:
showed how uniform force
(gravity) produced uniform
acceleration
- elaborated and consolidated the
experimental method
- law of inertia: objects continue in
motion forever unless stopped by
external force
- use of the telescope in astronomy
- Galileo was tried for heresy by
the papal Inquisition after
defending views of Copernicus
and denouncing worldview of
Aristotle and Ptolemy
- 1642-1727
- experimental and
theoretical
mathematics/
Physics
- traditional world view
(old system of Aristotle
and Ptolemy)
- using set of mathematical
laws to explain motion and
mechanics
- law of universal gravitation:
synthesis of work of previous
scientists
- Newton became a public
figure
- credited for many discoveries ,
knighted by Queen Anne
Nicolaus
Copernicus
Tycho Brahe
Johannes
Kepler
Galileo Galilei
Isaac Newton
Based on the work of: A. Scott