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Copyright 2004 R. Weber ISYS 370 Artificial Intelligence for Information Systems 2004 Professor: Dr. Rosina Weber 1. Expert Systems 1. 2. 3. 4. 2. Interpreting facial expressions Ramp activity Turbine diagnostics Loan underwriting Case-based reasoning 1. 2. 3. 4. 3. GE plastics Project management Case-based collaborative web-search Hybrid recommender systems Search 1. 2. 3. 4. 4. Topics of Papers University timetable NFL Scheduling train crew/hospital nurses Scheduling Earth Observing Satellites Machine Learning, Data Mining 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 5. ILSA Skin grading Link discovery to detect terrorist plots PTV Chinese calligraphy Automatic Detection of Steganography Neural Networks 1. 2. 6. Handwriting recognition Software testing Genetic Algorithms 1. 2. 7. Gene expression and metabolic profiles Network Design and Planning Natural Language Processing 1. 2. 3. NL for customer service Online Essay Evaluation Branching Storylines in Virtual Reality Environments for Leadership Development Copyright 2004 R. Weber Expert Systems Knowledge acquisition working memory (short-term mem/information) knowledge base (e.g.,frames and methods) inference engine (agenda) explanation general knowledge user I n t e r f a c e expert problem expert solution Copyright 2004 R. Weber CBR methodology case base Copyright 2004 R. Weber knowledge based systems • Expert Systems, Case-based Reasoning – financial advise – medical diagnosis, credit analysis – case-based reasoning systems for forecasting, case retrieval, prescription of diet, exercise – knowledge management systems – creativity, planning, forecast, recommender, personalization, argumentation, mediation, tutoring systems (education), – HICAP – Immersive Training Environments with virtual reality Copyright 2004 R. Weber NLU demo http://www.sls.lcs.mit.edu/sls/whatwedo/applications/jupiter.html 1-888-573-8255 NL Understanding • Speech recognition – intonation, pronunciation, speed • Natural Language Processing – syntactic , semantic , pragmatic analysis Natural Language Generation – intention, generation, speech synthesis Copyright 2004 R. Weber natural language • natural language interfaces • machine translation • text understanding to analyze patterns & trends • summarization, information extraction Copyright 2004 R. Weber Problem Solving by Search • use of algorithms – planning, design, optimization, scheduling – solution space to search – games Copyright 2004 R. Weber Machine Learning – analyze trends in any domain, knowledge discovery in databases and text, e.g., data mining – classification and clustering, collaborative filtering Copyright 2004 R. Weber Genetic Algorithms • Improves quality of solutions produced by other methods • Feature selection • Evolves solutions • Similar problems as solved by search algorithms Copyright 2004 R. Weber Neural Networks Applications • predict movement of stocks, currencies, etc., from previous data; • pattern recognition, e.g., penmanship, voice, brain activity patterns of motor areas http://www.txtwriter.com/Onscience/Articles/ratrobot.html • • • • • • to recognize signatures made (e.g. in a bank) with those stored; Diagnosis of equipment, disease, images (MRI), etc. Pronunciation (rules with many exceptions) Credit assignment Vehicle driving Quality Control - Attaching a camera or sensor to the end of a production process to automatically inspect for defects. • Target Recognition from video and/or infrared image data • Detect fraudulent credit card transactions Copyright 2004 R. Weber Necessary grounds for computer understanding • Ability to represent knowledge and reason with it. • Perceive equivalences and analogies between two different representations of the same entity/situation. • Learning and reorganizing new knowledge. – From Peter Jackson (1998) Introduction to Expert systems. Addison-Wesley third edition. Chapter 2, page 27. Copyright 2004 R. Weber Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence is the field of study dedicated to the study and design of computational models that perform “complex” tasks. These tasks may entail use of knowledge, reasoning, or physical abilities. AI tasks Copyright 2004 R. Weber • reading & understanding • diagnosis • configuration • categorization • classification • creativity • discovery • speech recognition & synthesis • obstacle avoidance • NL generation • NL understanding • • • • • • • • • planning scheduling design prediction control monitoring analysis vision moving Copyright 2004 R. Weber AI tasks and AI problems AI problems are seen as such because they are solved through the performance of AI tasks • AI problem is natural language, whereas related AI tasks are composition, speech, reading and understanding • Examples of AI problems can be mechanical or medical diagnosis and the AI task in both is diagnosis Copyright 2004 R. Weber Types of AI tasks • mundane: – face recognition – argumentation – shopping planning • expert: – diet prescription – medical diagnosis – legal argumentation – legal, military, business planning