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计算机英语第二版课后习题答案
练习答案
PART ONE
Unit 1
Computer Basics
My Computer
Section A I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1． Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron
2． input; output
3． VLSI
4． workstations; mainframes
5． vacuum; transistors
6． instructions; software
7． digit; eight; byte
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8． microminiaturization; chip
II．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1． artificial intelligence 人工智能
2． paper-tape reader 纸空阅读机
3． optical computer 光学计算机
4． neural network 神经网络
5． instruction set 指令集
6． parallel processing 平行处理
7． difference engine 差分机
8． versatile logical element 通用逻辑器件
9． silicon substrate 硅基
10． vacuum tube 真空管（电子管）
11． the storage and handling of data 数据的存储与处理
12 ．
very
large-scale
integrated
circuit
超 大 规 模 集 成 电
http://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456 路
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13． central processing unit 中央处理器
14． personal computer 个人计算机
15． analogue computer 模拟计算机
16． digital computer 数字计算机
17． general-purpose computer 通用计算机
18． processor chip 处理器芯片
19． operating instructions 操作指令
20． input device 输入设备
III．Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list,
making changes if necessary:
We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data,
and produces output. According to the mode of processing, computers are either analog
or digital. They can be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, or
microcomputers. All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this
categorization provides some indication of the computer’s speed, size, cost, and
abilities.
Ever
since
the
advent
of
computers,
there
have
been
constant
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chahttp://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456nges. First-generation
computers of historic
significance, such as UNIVAC, introduced in the early 1950s, were based on vacuum
tubes. Second-generation computers, appearing in the early 1960s, were those in which
transistors replaced vacuum tubes. In third-generation computers, dating from the
1960s, integrated circuits replaced transistors. In fourth-generation computers such
as microcomputers, which first appeared in the mid-1970s, large-scale integration
enabled thousands of circuits to be incorporated on one chip. Fifth-generation
computers are expected to combine very-large-scale integration with sophisticated
approaches to computing, including artificial intelligence and true distributed
processing.
IV．Translate the following passage from English into Chinese.
A computer system includes a computer, peripheral（外围的）devices, and software.
The
electric,
electronic,
and
mechanical
devices
usedhttp://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456 for processing data
are referred to as hardware. In addition to the computer itself, the term “hardware”
refers to components called peripheral devices that expand the computer’s input,
output, and storage capabilities. Computer hardware in and of itself does not provide
a particularly useful mind tool. To be useful, a
computer requires a set of instructions, called software or a computer program, which
tells the computer how to perform a particular task. Computers become even more
effective when connected to other computers in a network so users can share
information.
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计算机系统包括计算机、外围设备和软件。用于处理数据的电动、电子与机械设备称为硬件。
除了计算机本身之外，
“硬件”这一术语还指被称为外围设备的组件，这些外围设备可扩大计
算机的输入、输出和存储能力。计算机硬件本身在本质上并未提供一件特别有用的智能工具。
计算机要想变得有用，就需要有称为软件或计算机程序的一套指令，来告诉计算机如何执行
一项特定的任务。计算机在以下情况下变得更加有效：与网络中的其他计算机相连接，以使
用户能够共享信息
Section B I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1． display
2． underwater; GUI
3http://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456． intranet
4． functionality
II．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1． circuit board 电路板
2． beta testing β 测试
3． thin-client computer 瘦客户机电脑
4． cell phone 蜂窝电话（移动电话）
5． digital video 数码摄像机，数码影视
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6． Pentium processor 奔腾处理器
7． virtual screen 虚拟屏幕
8． desktop computer specifications 台式计算机规格
9． radio frequency 射频
10． wearable computer 可佩带式计算机
Section CPDA Prizefight: Palm vs. Pocket PC
I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. With DataViz’s Documents To Go, you can view and edit desktop documents on your
PDA without converting them first to a PDA-specific ________. (format)
2. Both Palm OS and Windows Mobile PDAs can offer e-mail via ________ so that new
messages
received
on
your
desktop
system
are
transferred
to
the
http://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456PDA for on-the-go reading.
(synchronization)
3. The Windows Mobile keyboard, Block Recognizer, and Letter Recognizer are all
________ input areas, meaning they appear and disappear as needed. (virtual)
4. Generally speaking, Windows Mobile performs better in entering information and
playing ________ files while Palm OS offers easier operation, more ________ programs,
better desktop compatibility, and a stronger e-mail application. (multimedia;
third-party)
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II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. data field 数据字段
2. learning curve 学习曲线
3. third-party solution 第三方解决方案
4. Windows Media Player Windows 媒体播放器
5. 开始按钮 Start button
6. 指定输入区 designated input area
7. 手写体识别系统 handwriting-recognition system
8. 字符集 character set
Unit 2 Computer Architecture
Section A I ． Fill in thttp://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456he
blanks with the information given in the text:
1． input; output; storage
2． Basic Input Output System
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3． flatbed scanners; hand-held scanners
4． LCD-based
5． dot-matrix printers; inkjet printers
6． disk drives; memory
7． Volatile
8． serial; parallel
II．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1． information retrieval 信息检索
2． voice recognition module 语音识别模块
3． touch-sensitive region 触感区，触摸区
4． address bus 地址总线
5． flatbed scanner 平板扫描仪
6． dot-matrix printer 点阵打印机（针式打印机）
7． parallel connection 并行连接
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8． cathode ray tube 阴极射线管
9． video game 电子游戏（港台亦称电玩）
10． audio signal 音频信号
11． operating system 操作系统
12． LCD (liquid crystal display)
液晶显示（器）
13． inkjet printer 喷墨打印机
14． data bus http://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456 数据总线
15． serial connection 串行连接
16． volatile memory 易失性存储器
17． laser printer 激光打印机
18． disk drive 磁盘驱动器
19． BIOS (Basic Input Output System)
基本输入输出系统
20． video display 视频显示器
III．Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list,
making changes if necessary:
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CD-ROM stands for compact disk read-only memory. Unlike floppy and hard disks, which
use magnetic charges to represent 1s and 0s, optical disks use reflected light. On
a CD-ROM disk, 1s and 0s are represented by flat areas and bumpy areas (called “pits”)
on its bottom surface. The CD-ROM disk is read by a laser that projects a tiny beam
of light on these areas. The amount of reflected light determines whether the area
represents a 1 or a 0.
Like a commercial CD found in music stores, a CD-ROM is a “read-only” disk. Read-only
means it cannot be writthttp://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456en
on or erased by the user. Thus, you as a user have access only to the data imprinted
by the publisher.
A single CD-ROM disk can store 650 megabytes of data. That is equivalent to 451 floppy
disks. With that much information on a single disk, the time to retrieve or access
the information is very important. An important characteristic of CD-ROM drives is
their access rate.
IV．Translate the following passage from English into Chinese.
A modem is a device that converts between analog and digital signals. Digital signals,
which are used by computers, are made up of separate units, usually represented by
a series of 1’s and 0’s. Analog signals vary continuously; an example of an analog
signal is a sound wave. Modems are
often used to enable computers to communicate with each other across telephone lines.
A modem converts the digital signals of the sending computer to analog signals that
can be tranhttp://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456smitted through
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telephone lines. When the signal reaches its destination, another modem reconstructs
the original digital signal, which is processed by the receiving computer. If both
modems can transmit data to each other simultaneously, the modems are operating in
full duplex (双工的) mode; if only one modem can transmit at a time, the modems are
operating in half duplex mode.
调制解调器是在模拟和数字信号之间进行转换的设备。计算机使用的是数字信号，这种信号
由离散单元组成，通常用一系列 1 和 0 表示。模拟信号是连续变化的；声波就是模拟信号的
一个例子。调制解调器经常用于实现计算机之间通过电话线的互相通信。调制解调器将发送
端计算机的数字信号转换成可通过电话线传输的模拟信号。信号到达目的地后，另外一个调
制解调器重构原来的数字信号，供接收端计算机处理。如果两个调制解调器可同时互相发送
数据，那么它们采用的就是全双工工作方式；如果一次只有一个调制解调器可以发送数据，
那么它们采用的则是半双工工作方式。
Section B I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in
the text:
1． low-speed
2． topology; hub
3． control; bulk
4． token; handshake
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II ． Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and
vihttp://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456ce versa:
1． ISA slot
ISA 总线槽
2． configuration register 配置寄存器
3． still camera 静物照相机
4． token packet 令牌包
5． expansion hub 扩展集线器
6． USB（Universal Serial Bus）通用串行总线
7． root hub 根集线器
8． I/O device 输入输出设备
9． control frame 控制帧
10． PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) 外部设备互连
Section CI．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1． higher; cheaper; shelf space
2． single-layer; double-sided; politics
3． Substrate
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4． incompatibility
II．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1． video tape 录像带
2． aspect ratio （电视、电影图像的）高宽比，纵横比
3． CD-RW 可擦写光驱
4． laser diode 激光二极管
5． reflective layer 反射层
6． optical disk 光盘
7． high resolution 高分辨率
8． floppy disk 软盘
Unit 3http://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456 Operating System
Section A I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1． Software
2． Multitasking
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3． Virtual
4． IBM or International Business Machines Corporation
5． UNIX; multiuser
6． Windows; graphical
7． command-line
8． distributed
II．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1． data set 数据集
2． pointing device 指点设备
3． graphical user interface 图形化用户界面
4． time-slice multitasking 分时多任务处理
5． object-oriented programming 面向对象编程
6． click on an icon 点击图标
7． context switching 上下文转换
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8． distributed system 分布式系统
9． pull-down lists of commands 命令的下拉列表
10． simultaneous access
同时访问
11． command-line interface
12． multitasking environment
命令行界面
多任务化环境
13 ． spreadsheet prhttp://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456ogram
电子制表程序
14． main memory 主存
15． storage media 存储介质
16． disk file 磁盘文件
17． command interpreter
18． network connection
命令解释器
网络连接
19． DOS (disk operating system)
20． copy a data file
磁盘操作系统
拷贝数据文件
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III．Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list,
making changes if necessary:
Operating systems for micro, mini, and mainframe
computers perform many services. These services can be classified either as
“external” or “internal.”
The operating system provides external services that help users start programs,
manage stored data, and maintain security. You, as the computer user, control these
external functions. Using a command-line, menu-driven, or GUI user interface, an
operating system provides you with a way to select the programs you would like to
use.
The
operating
system
alhttp://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456so helps you find, rename,
and delete documents and other data stored on disk or tape. On many, but not all
computer systems, the operating system helps you maintain security by checking your
user ID and password, as well as protecting your data from unauthorized access and
revisions. The operating system provides internal services “behind the scenes” to
ensure that the computer system functions efficiently. These internal services are
not generally under your control, but instead are controlled by the operating system
itself. The operating system controls input and output, allocates system resources,
manages the storage space for programs and data, and detects equipment failure without
any direction from you.
IV．Translate the following passage from English into Chinese.
Multitasking, in computer science, is a mode of operation offered by an operating
system in which a computer works
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on more than one taskhttp://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456 at a
time. There are several types of multitasking. Context switching is a very simple
type of multitasking in which two or more applications are loaded at the same time
but only the foreground (前台的) application is given processing time; to activate
(激活) a background (后台的) task, the user must bring the window or screen containing
that application to the front. In cooperative (合作的) multitasking, background tasks
are given processing time during idle times in the foreground task (such as when the
application waits for a keystroke), and only if the application allows it. In
time-slice multitasking each task is given the microprocessor’s attention for a
fraction of a second. To maintain order, tasks are either assigned priority levels
or processed in sequential (顺序的) order. Because the user’s sense of time is much
slower than the processing speed of the computer, time-slice multitasking operations
seem to be simultaneous.
在计算 http://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456 机科学中，多任务处
理是操作系统提供的一种操作方式，它使计算机一次可执行不止一项任务。多任务处理有几
种类型。上下文切换是一种非常简单的多任务处理：两个或两个以上的应用程序同时装入，
但只有前台应用程序得到处理时间；要激活后台任务，用户必须将含有该应用程序的窗口或
屏幕调至前面。在合作多任务处理中，后台任务在前台任务空闲期间（例如，应用程序等待
键击时）得到处理时间，但条件必须是该应用程序允许这样做。在
分时段的多任务处理中，每项任务得到微处理器几分之一秒的注意。为了维持次序，任务或
被指定优先等级，或被按序依次处理。由于用户对时间的感觉要比计算机的处理速度慢得多，
因此分时段的多任务操作似乎同时进行。 Section B I. Fill in the blanks with the
information given in the text:
1. NGSCB, the new security architecture Microsoft is developing for Longhorn, splits
the OS into two parts: a standard mode and a(n) ________ mode. (secure)
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2. It is reported that Longhorn will provide different levels of operation that
disable the more intensive Aero effects to boost ________ on less capable PCs.
(performance)
3. With Longhorn’s new graphics and presentation engine, we can create and display
Tiles on the desktop, which remind us of the old Active Desktop but are based on
________
instead
of
________.
(XML;
HTML)://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456r
4. The most talked-about feature in Longhorn so far is its new storage system, WinFS,
which works like a(n) ________ database. (relational)
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. search box 搜索框
2. built-in firewall 内置防火墙
3. standalone application 独立应用程序
4. active desktop 活动桌面
5. mobile device 移动设备
6. 专有软件 proprietary software
7. 快速加载键 quick-launch key
8. 图形加速器 graphics accelerator
9. 虚拟文件夹 virtual folder
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10. 三维界面 three-dimensional interface
Section CI．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1． Releases
2． Windows 2000
3． 4Gbps or 4 gigabits per second
4． SMP; networking; memory
II．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1． network throughput http://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456 网
络吞吐量
2． registry access 注册表存取
3． scalable file server 规模可变的文件服务
4． static Web page 静态网页
5． physical memory 物理内存
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6． Plug and Play 即插即用
7． network adapter 网络适配器
8． SMP (symmetric multiprocessing)
对称多任务处理
Unit 4 Computer Language and
Programming
Section A I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1． artificial; instructions
2． low-level; high-level
3． low-level
4． Machine
5． functional; logic
6． Statement
7． Module
8． digital
II．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1． storage register 存储寄存器
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2． function statement 函数语句
3． program statement 程序语句
4． object-oriented language 面向对象语言
5． assembly language
汇编语言
6． intermediate language 中间语言，中级语言
7．
http://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456relational language
关系（型）语言
8． artificial language
人造语言
9． data declaration 数据声明
10． SQL 结构化查询语言
11． executable program
可执行程序
12． program module 程序模块
13． conditional statement
14． assignment statemen
条件语句
t 赋值语句
15． logic language 逻辑语言
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16． machine language
机器语言
17． functional language
函数式语言
18． programming language
程序设计语言
19． run a computer program
20． computer programme r
运行计算机程序
计算机程序设计员
III．Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list,
making changes if necessary:
A programming language is a language used to write instructions for the computer.
It lets the programmer express data processing in a symbolic manner without regard
to machine-specific details.
The difficulty of writing programs in the machine language of 0s and 1s led
firhttp://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456st to the development of
assembly language, which allows programmers to use mnemonics for instructions and
symbols for variables. Such programs are then translated by a program known as an
assembler into the binary encoding used by the computer. Other pieces of system
software known as linking loaders combine pieces of assembled code and load them into
the machine’s main memory unit, where they are then ready for execution. The
concept of linking separate pieces of code was important, since it allowed
“libraries” of programs to be built up to carry out common tasks—a first step toward
the increasingly emphasized notion of software reuse. Assembly language was found
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to be sufficiently inconvenient that higher-level languages (closer to natural
languages) were invented in the 1950s for easier, faster programming; along with them
came the need for compilers, programs that translate high-level language programs
into
machine
cohttp://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456de.
As
programming languages became more powerful and abstract, building efficient
compilers that create high-quality code in terms of execution speed and storage
consumption became an interesting computer science problem in itself.
IV．Translate the following passage from English into Chinese.
One especially powerful feature of OOP (object-oriented programming) languages is
a property which is known as inheritance. Inheritance allows an object to take on
the characteristics and functions of other objects to which it is functionally
connected. Programmers connect objects by grouping them together in different classes
and by grouping the classes into hierarchies. These classes and hierarchies allow
programmers to define the characteristics and functions of objects without needing
to repeat source code, the coded instructions in a program. Thus, using OOP
languages
can
greatly
reduce
the
time
it
takes
http://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456programmer
to
for
a
write
an
application, and also reduce the size of the program. OOP languages are flexible and
adaptable, so programs or parts of programs can be used for more than one task.
Programs written with OOP languages are generally shorter in length and contain fewer
bugs (缺陷), or mistakes, than those written with non-OOP languages.
面向对象程序设计语言的一个特别强大的功能，是称为继承的特性。继承允许一个对象获得
与其具有功能联系的其他对象的属性与功能。程序员把对象归为不同的类，并把类分成层次，
以此将对象联系起来。这些类与层次使程序员可以定义对象的属性与功能，而不必重复源代
码，即程序中的编码指令。因此，使用面向对象程序设计语言，可以大大缩短程序员编写应
用程序所需的时间，也可以缩短程序长度。面向对象程序设计语言灵活、适应性强，所以程
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序或程序的某些部分可用于不止一项任务。使用面向对象程序设计语言编写的程序，比使用
非面向对象程序设计语言编写的程序，一般长度短且包含的错误少。
Section B I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1． object-oriented
2． user interface
3． Event
4． Controls
II．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1． function call 函数调用
2
．
http://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456event-driven
programming 事件驱动编程
3． click on a push button 点击按钮
4． application window
应用程序窗口
5． class hierarchy 类继承
6． child window 子窗口
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7． application development environment
8． pull-down menu
应用程序开发环境
下拉菜单
9． dialog box 对话框
10． scroll bar 滚动条
Section CI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. Given the array called object with 20 elements, if you see the term object10, you
know the array is in ________ form; if you see the term object[10], you know the array
is in ________ form. (subscript; index)
2. In most programming languages, an array is a static data structure. When you define
an array, the size is ________. (fixed)
3. A(n) ________ is a pictorial representation of a frequency array. (histogram)
4. An array that consists of just rows and columns is probably
a(n)
________
ahttp://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456rray.
(two-dimensional)
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. bar chart 条形图
2. frequency array 频率数组
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3. graphical representation 图形表示
4. multidimensional array 多维数组
5. 用户视图 user(’s) view
6. 下标形式 subscript form
7. 一维数组 one-dimensional array
8. 编程结构 programming construct
PART TWO Software Engineering
Unit 5 Software Development
Section A I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1． application; operating
2． assemblers
3． compiler
4． interpreter
5． Debugger
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6． Loop
7． device driver
8． John von Neumann
II．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1． inference engine 推理机
2． system call 系统调用
3． compilhttp://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456ed language
译语言
4． parallel computing
平行计算
5． pattern matching 模式匹配
6． free memory 空闲内存
7． interpreter program
解释程序
8． library routine 库程序
9． intermediate program
10． source file 源文件
中间程序，过渡程序
编
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11． interpreted language
解释（性）语言
12． device driver 设备驱动程序
13． source program 源程序
14． debugging program
调试程序
15． object code 目标代码
16． application program
应用程序
17． utility program 实用程序
18． logic program 逻辑程序
19． ink cartridge 墨盒
20． program storage and execution
程序的存储与执行
III．Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list,
making changes if necessary:
A compiler, in computer science, is a computer program that translates source code
into object code. Software engineers write source code using high-level programming
languages thathttp://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456 people can
understand. Computers cannot directly execute source code, but need a compiler to
translate these instructions into a low-level language called machine code. Compilers
collect and reorganize (compile) all the instructions in a given set of source code
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to produce object code. Object code is often the same as or similar to a computer’s
machine code. If the object code is the same as the machine language, the computer
can run the program immediately after the compiler produces its translation. If the
object code is not in machine language, other programs—such as assemblers, binders
(联编程序), linkers (连接程序), and loaders (装入程序)—finish the translation.
Most computer languages use different versions of compilers for different types of
computers or operating systems, so one language may have different compilers for
personal computers (PC) and Apple Macintosh computers. Many different manufacturers
often produce versions http://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456of
the same programming language, so compilers for a language may vary between
manufacturers.
IV．Translate the following passage from English into Chinese.
In software, a bug is an error in coding or logic that causes a
program to malfunction or to produce incorrect results. Minor bugs—for example, a
cursor that does not behave as expected—can be inconvenient or frustrating, but not
damaging to information. More severe bugs can cause a program to “hang” (stop
responding to commands) and might leave the user with no alternative but to restart
the program, losing any previous work that has not been saved. In either case, the
programmer must find and correct the error by the process known as debugging. Because
of the potential risk to important data, commercial application programs are tested
and debugged as completely as possible before release. Minor bugs found after the
program
becomes
available
correhttp://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456cted
are
in
the
next
update; more severe bugs can sometimes be fixed with special software, called patches,
that circumvents (规避) the problem or otherwise alleviates (减轻) its effects.
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在软件中，错误是指导致程序发生故障或产生不正确结果的编码或逻辑错误。较轻微的错误，
如光标表现异常，会造成不便或带来挫折，但不会对信息产生破坏性影响。较严重的错误会
导致程序“中止”（对命令停止反应），可能使用户别无选择，只能重新启动程序，结果致使
任何前面已经做好但尚未保存的工作丢失。两种情况无论是哪一种，程序员都必须凭借称为
调试的过程，发现并改正错误。由于错误对重要数据的潜在危险，商用应用程序在发行前要
经过尽可能全面的测试与调试。程序发行后发现的较轻微
错误在下一次更新时改正；较严重的错误有时可用称为补丁的特殊软件加以修补，以规避问
题或减轻其影响。
Section B I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. One of the differences between C# and Java is that Java runs on any platform with
a Java Virtual ________ while C# only runs in Windows for the foreseeable future.
(Machine)
2. With .NET, Microsoft is opening up a channel both to ________ in other programming
languages and to non-.NET ________. (developers; components)
3.
J2EE
is
a
platform;http://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456
single-language
calls
from/to
objects in other languages are possible through ________, but this kind of support
is not a ubiquitous part of the platform. (CORBA)
4. One important element of the .NET platform is a common language ________, which
runs bytecodes in an Internal Language format. (runtime)
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
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1. messaging model 消息收发模型
2. common language runtime 通用语言运行时刻（环境）
3. hierarchical namespace 分等级层次的名称空间
4. development community 开发社区
5. CORBA 公用对象请求代理（程序）体系结构
6. 基本组件 base component
7. 元数据标记 metadata tag
8. 虚拟机 virtual machine
9. 集成开发环境 IDE（integrated development environment）
10. 简单对象访问协议 SOAP（Simple Object Access Protocol）
Section CI．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1． cross-platform
2． Exit; http://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456Quit
3． Unicode
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4． Environment
II．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1． search path 搜索路径
2． dynamic library 动态链接库
3． code set 代码集
4． ancestor menu 祖辈菜单
5． end user 最终用户
6． menu item 菜单项
7． cross-platform application 跨平台应用程序
8． character set 字符集
Unit 6 Software Life Cycle
Section A I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. The development process in the software life cycle involves four phases: analysis,
design, implementation, and ________. (testing)
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2. In the system development process, the system analyst defines the user, needs,
requirements and methods in the ________ phase. (analysis)
3. In the system development process, the code is written in the ________ phase.
(implementation)
4.
In
the
syhttp://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456stem
development process, modularity is a very well-established principle used in the
________ phase. (design)
5. The most commonly used tool in the design phase is the ________. (structure chart)
6. In the system development process, ________ and pseudocode are tools used by
programmers in the implementation phase. (flowcharts)
7. Pseudocode is part English and part program ________. (logic)
8. While black box testing is done by the system test engineer and the ________, white
box testing is done by the ________. (user; programmer)
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. standard graphical symbol 标准图形符号
2. logical flow of data 标准图形符号
3. test case 测试用例
4. program validation 程序验证
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5. white box testing 白盒测试
6. student registration system 学生注册系统
7.
customized
banking
package
定
制
包://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456
8. software life cycle 软件生命周期
9. user working environment 用户工作环境
10. implementation phase 实现阶段
11. 测试数据 test data
12. 结构图 structure chart
13. 系统开发阶段 system development phase
14. 软件工程 software engineering
15. 系统分析员 system(s) analyst
16. 测试工程师 test engineer
17. 系统生命周期 system life cycle
18. 设计阶段 design phase
19. 黑盒测试 black box testing
的
金
融
软
件
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20. 会计软件包 accounting package
III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list,
making changes if necessary:
development; testing; programmer; chart; engineer; attend; interfaces
system; software; small; user
develop; changes; quality; board; Uncontrolled
IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
软件工程是软件开发的一个领域；在这个领域中，计算机科学家和工程师研究有关的方法与
工具，以使高效开发正确、可靠和健壮的计算机程序变得容易。计算机科学的这一分支的研
究 ， 考 虑 软 件 生 命 周 期 的 所 有 阶 段 。 软 件 生 命 周 期 从 正 式
http://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456 的问题详述开始，随后相继
是解决方案设计、解决方案实现为程序、程序测试和程序维护。软件工程师开发软件工具以
及被称为编程环境的工具集，用以改进开发过程。例如，软件工具可以帮助管理程序员小组
正在编写的大型程序的诸多组件。
Software engineering is an area of software development in which computer scientists
and engineers study methods and tools that facilitate（使变得容易）the efficient
development of correct, reliable, and robust computer programs. Research in this
branch of computer science considers all the phases of the software life cycle, which
begins with a formal problem specification, and progresses to the design of a solution,
its implementation as a program, testing of the program, and program maintenance.
Software engineers develop software tools and collections of tools called programming
environments to improve the development process. For example, tools can help to manage
the many components of a large program that is being written by a team of
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programmers.
IV
．
Translate
the
following
passage
from
English
into
Chttp://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456hinese.
Software engineering is an area of software development in which computer scientists
and engineers study methods and tools that facilitate（使变得容易）the efficient
development of correct, reliable, and robust computer programs. Research in this
branch of computer science considers all the phases of the software life cycle, which
begins with a formal problem specification, and progresses to the design of a solution,
its implementation as a program, testing of the program, and program maintenance.
Software engineers develop software tools and collections of tools called programming
environments to improve the development process. For example, tools can help to manage
the many components of a large program that is being written by a team of programmers.
软件工程是软件开发的一个领域。在这个领域里，计算机科学家与工程师研究可使高效地开
发正确、可靠、健壮的计算机程序变得容易的方法和工具。计算机科学的这一分科中的研究，
要考虑软件生命周期的所有阶段。软件生命周期始于正式的问题说明，然后是解决方案的设
计、它作为一个程序的实现、程序的测试以及程序维护。软件工程师开发软件工具和称为编
程环 http://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456 境的工具组，以改进开
发过程。例如，工具可帮助管理程序员小组正在编写的大规模
程序的众多成分。
Section B Model Driven Development
I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. Information engineering emphasizes a modeling tool called ________ relationship
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diagrams.
(entity)
2. One of the disadvantages of model-driven development is the long ________ of
projects. (duration)
3.
Unlike
structured
analysis
and
design
and
information
engineering,
object-oriented analysis and design attempts to merge the ________ and ________
concerns into singular constructs called objects. (data; process 或 process; data)
4. Unlike logical models, physical models show not only what a system is or does,
but also how the system is physically and technically ________. (implemented)
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. check box 复选框（或选择框）
http://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff948374562. structured design 结构
化设计
3. building block（信息系统的）构建模块
4. database schema 数据库模式
5. radio button 单选（按）钮
6. 系统建模技术 system modeling technique
7. 模型驱动开发 model-driven development
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8. 数据流程图 data flow diagram
9. 下拉式菜单 drop-down (或 pull-down) menu
10. 滚动条 scroll bar
Section CWhat Is a Design Pattern?
I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. A design pattern generally has four essential elements: the pattern name, ________,
solution, and consequences. (problem)
2. Reusability is often a factor in object-oriented design, so the ________ of a
pattern include its impact on a system’s flexibility, extensibility, or portability.
(consequences)
3. The solution of a design pattern describes the elements that make up the ________,
their relationships, responsibilities, and collaborations. (design)
4http://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456.
With
reusable
object-oriented software, your design should be ________ to the problem at hand but
also ________ enough to address future problems and requirements. (specific; general)
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. procedural language 过程化语言
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2. common design structure 通用设计结构
3. class and object interaction 类与对象交互
4. design constraint 设计约束
5. 设计模式 design pattern
6. 可复用软件 reusable software
7. 面向对象的系统 object-oriented system
8. 继承层次 inheritance hierarchy
Unit 7 Database
Section A I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1． data storage
2． Entities
3． DBMS or database management system
4． Inconsistency
5． SQL or Structured Query Language
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6． storage engine; query processor
7． procedure calls
://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456ar8． data presentation; data
storage
II．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1． language precompiler
程序语言预编译器
2． business logic implementation
业务逻辑实现
3． query processor 查询处理器
4． data modeling 数据建模
5． storage engine 存储引擎
6． tiered architecture
分层结构
7． database manager 数据库管理员
8． data presentation layer
数据表现层
9． logical database design
逻辑上的数据库设计
10． entity relationship diagram
实体关系图
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11． query language 查询语言
12． host language 主机语言
13． Data Modification Language (DML)
数据修改语言
14． data redundancy 数据冗余
15． relational database
关系数据库
16． relational data model
关系数据模型
17． database management system (DBMS)
数据库管理系统
18． data element 数据元素
19． data access 数据存取
20
．
query
optimization
查
http://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456 询优化
III．Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list,
making changes if necessary:
A database is any collection of data organized for storage in a computer memory and
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designed for easy access by authorized users. The data may be in the form of text,
numbers, or encoded graphics. Since their first, experimental appearance in the 1950s,
databases have become so important in industrial societies that they can be found
in almost every field of information.
In the 1960s, some databases became commercially available, but their use was
funnelled (传送) through a few so-called research centres that collected information
inquiries and handled them in batches (一批). On-line databases—that is, databases
available to anyone who could link up to them by computer—first appeared in the 1970s.
For the home user, the equipment required includes a computer terminal, a
telehttp://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456phone, and a modem,
which enables the terminal and the database (usually some type of search-service
system) to communicate. The user simply dials the number of the service, provides
a password code for identification and billing (记账), and types in questions to a
chosen database on the terminal’s keyboard. The data received may either be displayed
on a terminal screen or printed out.
IV．Translate the following passage from English into Chinese.
Structured Query Language (SQL), in computer science, is a database sublanguage used
in querying, updating, and managing relational databases. Derived from an IBM
research project that created Structured English Query Language (SEQUEL) in the 1970s,
SQL is an accepted standard in database products. Although it is not a programming
language in the same sense as C or Pascal, SQL can either be used in formulating (系
统地阐述) interactive (交互式的)
queries
or
be
embedded
anhttp://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456
application
in
as
instructions for handling data. The SQL standard also contains components for
defining, altering, controlling, and securing data. SQL is designed for both
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technical and non-technical users.
在计算机科学中，SQL 语言（结构化查询语言）是一种用于查询、更新和管理关系数据库的
数据库子语言。SQL 语言源自 IBM 公司的一个研究项目，这个项目在 20 世纪 70 年代创建了
SEQUEL 语言（结构化英语式查询语言）。SQL 语言是一种公认的数据库产品标准。虽然它不是
与 C 语言或 Pascal 语言同样意义上的编程语言，但 SQL 语言或可用于使交互式查询公式化，
或可作为处理数据的指令嵌入应用程序。SQL 语言标准也包含定义、改变和控制数据以及保
护数据安全的成分。SQL 语言既是为懂技术的用户也是为不懂技术的用户设计的。
Section B I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1． columns; rows
2． permanent; temporary
3． Clustered; nonclustered
4． CHECK; PRIMARY KEY
II．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1． global temporary table
全局临时表
2． partitioned data 分区的数据
3． virtual table 虚拟（临时）表
4． permanent table 永久（固定）表
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5． log http://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456out of a system
退
出登录的系统
6． primary key 主键
7． foreign key 外键
8． database object 数据库对象
9． clustered index 簇索引
10． local temporary table
本地临时表
Section C.NET Data Access Architecture
I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. ADO.NET is the ________ model for .NET-based applications. (data access)
2.ADO.NET currently comes with two categories of providers: ________ and ________
providers. (bridge; native 或 native; bridge)
3. Database connection ________ allows an application to reuse an existing connection
from a pool instead of repeatedly establishing a new connection with the database.
(pooling)
4. In handling data access exception conditions, you can place your data access code
within a(n) ________ block and trap any exceptions generated by using ________ blocks
with the appropriate filter. (try; catch)
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://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456rII. Translate the following
terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. bridge provider 桥接提供程序
2. data library 数据（文件）库
3. connection pooling 连接池化技术
4. database-specific functionality 数据库特有的功能
5. 默认设置 default setting
6. 异常处理程序 exception handler
7. 数据源 data source
8. 基本类 base class
PART THREE
Network and Communication
Unit 8 Telecommunications and Information Superhighway Section A I．Fill in the blanks
with the information given in the text:
1． Telegraph
2． dots; dashes
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3． Media
4． point-to-point
5． Analog
6． Digital
7． text-based
8． modem
II．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1． microwave radio 微波无线电
2． digital television
数字电视
3． DSL 数字用户线路
4．
http://www.wendangwang.com/doc/6c307959f45c85ff94837456analog transmission
模拟传输
5． on-screen pointer
屏幕（触摸屏）上的指示（器）
6． computer terminal
计算机终端
7． radio telephone 无线电话
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8． cellular telephone
蜂窝电话（移动电话）
9． decentralized network 分散的网络
10． wire-based internal network
11． fiber-optic cable
基于普通网线的内部网络
光缆
12． fax machine 传真机
13． wireless communications
无线通信
14． point-to-point communications
15． modulated electrical impulse
点对点通信
16． communication(s) satellite
调制电脉冲
通信卫星
17． telegraph key 电报电键
18． transmission medium
19． cordless telephone
传输媒体
无绳电话
20． metal conductor 金属导体
III．Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list,
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making changes if necessary:
Data communications is the process of transmitting and
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