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Certified Emergency Response Training
Emergency and Standard First Aid Test
Instructor Answer Key
Introduction
1. A first-aider is expected to remain on the scene of an accident or an
emergency and provide first-aid assistance when:
a) They have initiated first-aid treatment.
b) They were asked to assist by a bystander.
c) It is part of their job description.
d) Both a) and c).
2. A first-aider is expected to perform rescue breaths on a patient without his /
her rescue breathing mask when:
a) One is not available.
b) They feel responsible for the person’s recovery
c) They should always perform rescue breaths without hesitation.
d) Never.
3. When providing first-aid, the patient:
a) Should be moved into a comfortable position.
b) Should not be moved. Attempt to leave them in the position found until
the paramedics arrive.
c) Should only be moved if it is absolutely necessary.
d) Both b) and c).
4. The first-aider should remain with the patient instead of calling 911/EMS when:
a) There is no immediate access to 911/EMS (for example: when
camping in an isolated area.)
b) They are alone with a conscious and choking patient.
c) They have a severely bleeding patient and the bleeding needs to be
controlled continuously.
d) All of the above.
Communicable Disease Transmission
5. The chances of contracting a communicable disease are decreased when:
a) Some form of barrier is placed between the first-aider and the patient.
A t-shirt will suffice.
b) PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) is used, such as gloves and
a facemask.
c) Mouth-wash is used immediately after exposure to eliminate any
disease present in the mouth.
d) The first-aider has their current vaccinations to safeguard them against
any communicable diseases.
6. A communicable disease may be transmitted by:
a) Blood.
b) Urine or feces.
c) Saliva.
d) All of the above.
EMS
7. When calling for an ambulance, they require the following information:
a) The address and nearest major intersection.
b) The patient’s approximate age and condition.
c) The names of all the patient’s medications.
d) Both a) and b).
Patient Assessment/Primary Survey
8. You have walked into a public bathroom and have found an unconscious adult
patient. No one else is present to help. What should you do?
a) Stay with the patient and hope someone comes by and can help.
b) Leave immediately to call 911/EMS after confirming the patient is
unconscious and performing a quick breathing check.
c) Do one cycle of CPR and then leave to call 911/EMS.
d) All of the above.
9. When performing a primary survey which steps are correct?
a) Asses responsiveness, open airway and perform a quick breathing
check, call 911/EMS, provide 2 breaths, begin compressions.
b) Asses responsiveness, open airway and perform a quick breathing
check, provide 2 breaths, begin compressions, call 911/EMS. .
c) Assess responsiveness, call 911/EMS, open airway, provide 2 breaths,
begin compressions.
d) Asses responsiveness, begin compressions, open airway, provide
breaths, continue this for 5 cycles before calling 911/EMS.
10. When entering an accident scene to assess a patient, the first step is to:
a) Check for a pulse.
b) Check in his wallet for identification.
c) Try to wake them up.
d) Survey the scene to ensure that it is safe to enter and provide
care.
The 5 Links to Success / Cardiovascular Emergencies
11. The 5 links to success are:
a) Early rehabilitation, early 911, early CPR, and early advanced care.
b) Early defibrillation, healthy choices, early advanced life support, and
early recognition.
c) Healthy choices, early rehabilitation, early CPR, and early advanced
care.
d) Early recognition, early CPR, early defibrillation, early advanced
care, and integrated post cardiac arrest care
12. If you smoke, have high blood pressure and do not exercise, you:
a) Are going to die so you might as well have another cigarette.
b) Are at a higher risk for heart attack and stroke.
c) Are okay because you have no other risk factors.
d) Are not at risk for heart attack and stroke.
CPR
13. When performing CPR on adults, children or infants, the compression to
ventilation ratio is:
a) 20 compressions: 1 ventilation.
b) 30 compressions: 2 ventilations.
c) 100 compressions non-stop.
d) 15 compressions: 2 ventilations.
14. The proper landmark location for CPR compressions on an adult is:
a) The lower half of the breastbone.
b) Above the belly button.
c) The left side of the rib cage.
d) Between the nipples (center of the chest).
15. While you are performing CPR, your patient vomits. What should you do?
a) Close their mouth and roll them away from you.
b) Turn their head to the side.
c) Roll the patient as a unit toward you.
d) Do not interrupt chest compressions to clear the airway.
16. When performing chest compressions on an adult, the depth you should
compress is:
a) At least 2” deep using one hand.
b) At least 2” deep using 2 hands.
c) 11/2 – 2’ deep using 2 hands.
d) None of the above.
Choking
17. If a person is choking and has a complete (severe) airway obstruction, we
should:
a) Encourage them to continue coughing.
b) Perform abdominal thrusts.
c) Perform back blows until it comes out.
d) Perform a series of 5 back blows followed by 5 abdominal thrusts
and repeat this sequence until airway is clear or the patient goes
unconscious.
18. When performing abdominal thrusts on a conscious choking patient with a
complete (severe) obstruction, the amount of force necessary is:
a) 2 inches inward.
b) As much force as needed.
c) As hard as you can possibly thrust.
d) We do not do abdominal thrusts on patient with full obstruction
19. A conscious choking person with a mild (partial) airway obstruction may:
a) Become a complete (severe) obstruction at any time.
b) Try to seclude them self because they feel embarrassed.
c) Vomit.
d) All of the above.
Shock
20. Shock is best defined as:
a) A condition that only happens to people that have psychological
problems.
b) A condition that should be considered as life threatening and taken very
seriously.
c) Something that occurs due to a problem with the pump, volume of fluid,
or container.
d) Both b) and c).
21. Shock happens for different reasons. Depending on the cause of shock, the
treatment for shock will vary per condition. Which of the following
treatments listed below is not used for treating shock.
a) Place the patient in the recovery position and cover with a blanket.
b) Have them lie flat in a comfortable position.
c) Give the patient sips of water and have them lie down and elevate
their feet.
d) Have them semi-sit and loosen tight clothing.
Cardiovascular Emergencies
22. Angina is best defined as:
a) A heart condition that causes a temporary narrowing of coronary
vessels.
b) A condition that is the same as a heart attack.
c) A temporary condition that cannot progress into a heart attack.
d) A city in Saskatchewan.
23. A first-aider may educate a patient who is potentially having a heart attack
on the use of ASA (or Aspirin) as long as the following sign or symptom is
present:
a) Sudden onset of chest pain.
b) Shortness of breath.
c) Pale, cool and sweaty skin.
d) The first-aider just needs to be certain they are having a heart attack.
Anatomy and Physiology
24. Someone having a stroke may experience:
a) A loss of consciousness or episodes of confusion.
b) Chest pain.
c) Paralysis, weakness or tingling in a part of the body.
d) Both a) and c).
25. The breathing tube, where air passes from the outside environment to the
lungs is also called:
a) The esophagus.
b) The food tube.
c) The epiglottis.
d) The trachea.
26. When we breathe, we inhale and exhale the following:
a) Energy and moisture.
b) Oxygen and carbon dioxide.
c) Oxygen and nitrogen.
d) Fresh air and carbon monoxide.
Fainting
27. Fainting is:
a) When a patient loses consciousness and does not regain consciousness.
b) When the patient feels unwell and begins to vomit.
c) A temporary loss of consciousness.
d) Never serious and 911 is not necessary.
Wounds and Bleeding
28. When bandaging a patient, what should you do if blood soaks through the
original bandage?
a) Remove it immediately and replace it with a new, clean bandage.
b) Secure bandages on top of the original dressing and apply direct
pressure.
c) Run it under cold water.
d) All of the above.
29. When treating a patient with an impaled object you should:
a) Remove it immediately.
b) Leave it in place and stabilize it.
c) Seek medical attention immediately.
d) Both b) and c).
30. The best treatment for external bleeding is:
a) Rest, elevate and direct pressure.
b) Rest, isolate and pressure points.
c) Rest and direct pressure.
d) Apply a sterile bandage, have the patient rest and apply direct
pressure.
If you are taking an Emergency First Aid course, please stop now. Be sure to have all your
answers circled on the answer key and put your name on this test. If you are taking a
Standard First Aid course, please continue with the exam.
Diabetes
31. You have found a patient who appears to be very confused, pale and
sweaty. You find a MedicAlert™ bracelet on his wrist. It reads ‘Diabetic’. Your
specific treatment would be to:
a) Not do much for the patient, except to call 911/EMS. There is little else
that I could do.
b) Administer insulin.
c) When in doubt of this being a low or high blood sugar emergency,
it is best to give them sugar. If their condition is worsening we
should also call 911/EMS.
d) Perform abdominal thrusts.
32. I can administer a diabetic’s insulin if they cannot do it themselves.
a) True.
b) False.
Seizures
33. When a patient is actively seizing, we should always:
a) Get as many people as possible to hold them down to prevent injury.
b) Put a spoon in their mouth so they will not bite their tongue.
c) Attempt to perform artificial respiration.
d) Ensure that the scene is safe and protect the patient’s head. Make
a decision to call 911/EMS if required.
34. During a seizure, a patient is aware of what is going on and has control of
their behaviour.
a) Yes.
b) No.
c) Occasionally.
Anaphylaxis
35. Circle all that are true:
a) First-aiders are encouraged to seek medical attention before a
patient who is need of a second dose of epheniphrine administers
it.
b) A patient with a severe allergy should always carry their Epi-Pen
and wear a MedicAlert™ identification.
c) A patient who has taken their Epi-Pen after an anaphylactic reaction
does not need to go to the hospital if they are feeling better.
d) You may inject someone with their Epi-Pen if they are unable to do
so, if they have a known allergy and you know where their
medication is located.
Triaging
36. Triaging is used when:
a) There is more than one patient to care for but more than enough
trained first-aiders to help everyone.
b) There is more than one patient to care for but not enough trained
first-aiders to help everyone.
c) The first person seen is treated.
d) This is not a first-aider’s responsibility.
Child CPR
37. When performing CPR on a child, our compression depth should be:
a) 3”deep.
b) 1/3 to 1 /2 of the child’s chest depth.
c) At least 1/3 the depth of the chest (approximately 5 cm.)
d) As hard as necessary.
38. Before performing CPR on a child you need the consent of the parent.
a) True.
b) False.
39. You are alone and have found an unconscious child or infant. What should
you do?
a) Perform two minutes of CPR and then call 911.
b) Call 911 immediately after confirming they are unconscious and
performing a quick breathing check.
c) Attempt to ventilate and then call 911.
d) Wait for help to arrive.
Spinal Injuries
40. The signs and symptoms of a spinal injury are always very obvious and will
be immediately present after an accident.
a) True.
b) False.
41. Which injuries could potentially cause a head or spinal injury?
a) A fall down the stairs.
b) A car accident.
c) A fall from a standing position.
d) All of the above.
42. You are providing first-aid to a patient who has been involved in a car
accident. They are still in the car and are complaining of severe lower back
pain. What should you do?
a) Remove them from the car as this is not a safe place for them to be.
The car may blow up.
b) Allow them to get out of the car on their own. They can feel lower back
pain, which means they do not have a spinal injury.
c) Allow them to move only their head and neck but otherwise, keep them
still.
d) Immobilize the patient by securing the head, neck and spine in
the position found. They should remain in the car, if it is safe to
do so.
Bone and Joint Injuries
43. When a patient has a broken bone, we treat it by:
a) Moving it to assess how badly it is broken.
b) Stabilizing the patient in the position found and immobilizing the injury.
c) Applying ice to reduce swelling.
d) Both b) and c).
Burns
44. What best describes the appearance of a first-degree burn?
a) Blistered and the blisters may have broken.
b) Red, warm and painful.
c) White, thick and leathery.
d) Charred and blackened.
45. When a powdered chemical is exposed to the skin, we should:
a) Rinse with water immediately.
b) Brush off as much powder as possible and flush with copious
amounts of water. We also need to refer to the MSDS sheet.
c) Wipe with a damp cloth.
d) All of the above.
Environmental Condition
46. A moderately hypothermic patient should be:
a) Re-warmed as quickly as possible.
b) Kept in their wet clothing.
c) Re-warmed slowly using blankets and hot water bottles filled with warm
water.
d) Placed in a bathtub with warm water.
47. A patient suffering from heat exhaustion should:
a) Be given small sips of water, if they are not nauseated.
b) Placed in an ice cold bath tub.
c) Removed from heat.
d) Both a) and c).
Poisons
48. When a patient has ingested a poison:
a) You should call 911/EMS immediately, as well as poison control.
b) Induce vomiting.
c) Give lots of water to drink.
d) Give lots of milk to drink.
49. The signs and symptoms of poisoning could include shortness of breath,
headache and nausea.
a) True
b) False
Eye Injuries
50.
All eye injuries should be flushed with water.
a) True
b) False