Download Review for midterm - Environmental Science 4502

4502 Midterm Exam Review
1. Which of the following would be an example of natural selection?
A. A giraffe whose neck grows longer to reach higher branches.
B. A rat whose ancestors lived above ground with short claws but now lives below ground with long claws
C. A cat that has long fur year round in a warm climate.
D. A black caterpillar who lays eggs in a tree with red flowers.
2. Competition occurs in which of the following situations?
A. Two organisms eat different foods.
B. Two organisms live in different habitats in the same tree.
C. Two organisms have the same niche and live in the same tree.
D. Two organisms live in the same habitat but are active at different times of the day.
3. Which of the following has the niche of a producer?
A. Bat
B. Fruit Fly
C. Bald Eagle
D. Grass
4. Decomposers are best described by which of the following descriptions?
A. Form new soil on the forest floor by breaking down leaf litter.
B. Producing sugars by converting carbon dioxide and water in the presence of light.
C. Developing new body cells by breaking down sugars in the presence of oxygen.
D. Utilize phosphorus to obtain energy from their food.
5. Burning fossil fuels, driving cars, and destroying vegetation are three ways humans affect which cycle?
A. Phosphorus.
B. Carbon.
C. Nitrogen.
D. Water.
6. Which of the following would be an example of two organisms occupying the same habitat but have
different niches?
A. Large Mouth Bass and White Perch are both fish who live in the Bay. They both eat other fish.
B. Crows live in open areas and woodpeckers live in the woods. They both eat insects.
C. Carp and snails both live in the water. One eats algae the other is a scavenger of dead organisms.
D. A robin lives at the top of the tree and an oriole lives in the bottom of a tree. One eats worms the other
eats insects.
7. Which of the following pair processes have products that are the reactants of the other?
A. Nitrogen fixation/Nitrification
B. Primary Succession/Secondary succession
C. Transpiration/Evaporation
D. Photosynthesis/Respiration
8. The conversion solar energy to chemical energy occurs in which of the following process?
A. Photosynthesis.
B. Evaporation.
C. Natural Selection.
D. Cellular Respiration
9. Transpiration is best defined by which of the following statements?
A. The sun beats down on a plant and that plant loses water through its leaves.
B. Water leaves a pool of standing water and goes into the atmosphere.
C. Water droplets form in the atmosphere and fall to the ground.
D. Water heats the ground and ends up in a body of water.
10. Populations with greater variation in their gene pool will most likely survive which of the following?
A. A solar eclipse.
B. An abundant food source.
C. An unknown disease.
D. A very high tide.
11. Natural selection is best defined by which of the following statements?
A. Process in which organisms with traits well suited to the environment are more likely to survive and
reproduce.
B. Process where plants live progresses where there was no life before.
C. Process where raw materials of life are produced from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of light.
D. Process where atmospheric nitrogen is made into a usable form.
12. Which of the following is the best example of mutualism?
A. A deer is eaten by a wolf. The deer dies and the wolf gets a benefit from the deer.
B. Clover provides food and shelter to bacteria and bacteria produce nitrogen for the plant. Both benefit.
C. A tick attaches itself to a dog and gets nourishment from the dog and the dog is harmed.
D. Moss grows on a tree. The moss gets a growing surface while the tree is unaffected.
13. Bacteria create a large amount of the fixed nitrogen in the environment is a true statement for which cycle?
A. Nitrogen.
B. Water.
C. Phosphorus.
D. Carbon.
14. As the amount of energy decrease, what happens to the trophic level you are eating on?
A. Stays the same.
B. Increases, then decreases.
C. Decreases.
D. Increases.
15. Which of the following answers is the best example of secondary succession?
A. A Volcanic Island that forms in the middle of the ocean.
B. A glacier that retreats northward, taking everything except bare rock.
C. A forest being cleared and changed to a farm field.
D. A forest being cleared, changed to a farm field, then abandoned, and a forest grows back.
16. Populations pass down traits that help them adapt to their environment is an example of which process?
A. Natural Selection.
B. Secondary Succession.
C. Nitrogen Fixation.
D. Cellular Respiration.
Use the information in the diagram below to answer questions 17 and 18.
A small, cold creek flows through a dense forest. Trees along the banks of the creek provide shade for most of the
day. Algae grow well only in the few areas of the creek that receive direct sunlight for a few hours each day. Most
food energy enters the creek ecosystem as dead leaves that fall from the trees.
17. What is the best reason given for an increase in the Mayfly?
A. Trees grow up and no sunlight can get through to the water.
B. Stonefly population increases greatly.
C. Rainbow trout populations decrease.
D. Forest fire burns all the leaves and lots of sunlight gets to water.
18. Which is the best example of succession in the ecosystem on the previous page?
A. The dissolved oxygen levels increased in the water.
B. The amount of decomposers decreased due to a lack of leaves that are dead.
C. The first species that grow back after the fire is the pioneer species.
D. The energy available to the upper trophic levels has increased.
19. What is the best example of what would grow first after a volcanic explosion?
A. Tall trees.
B. Climax community.
C. Lichen, a pioneer community.
D. Small bushes.
20. Organisms that can best cope with environmental factors and reproduce is an example of what?
A. Scientific method.
B. Parasitism.
C. Combustion.
D. Selection
21. Bacteria are found in root nodules of what type of plant?
A. Legumes.
B. Pioneer species.
C. Mature climax trees.
D. Moss and Lichens
Use the diagram below to answer questions 22 and 23.
22. The key to this being the carbon cycle would best be indicated by which answer?
A. Plants
B. Cellular Respiration
C. Fossil fuels
D. Carbon Dioxide
23. Combustion is best represented by which answer below?
A. Plants
B. Cellular Respiration
C. Fossil fuels
D. Carbon Dioxide
24. One species gradually being gradually replaced by another is called:
A. Succession
B. Natural Selection
C. Combustion
D. Cellular respiration
25. Soil and rocks are where you would find most of what?
A. Nitrogen
B. Carbon
C. Phosphorus
D. Sulfur
26. Natural disasters and human disturbances will change what?
A. Pioneer community
B. Cellular Respiration
C. Climax Community
D. Primary Succession
Use the diagram below to answer Question 27
DISTRIBUTION OF SQUIRREL FUR COLOR
27. Variation is best described as:
A. The difference in the fur color of the individual squirrels.
B. The number of squirrels shown above.
C. The species of squirrel found above.
D. The way they hold their hands.
Directions: Use the information and the graph below to answer Questions 28 - 29.
The diagram below shows the relation between the rate of photosynthesis, amount of light, and carbon
dioxide concentration.
28. Which plant is photosynthesizing at the highest rate?
A. Low Light
B. High Light
C. All plant are equally photosynthesizing
D. Medium Light
29. A Carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration of 0.0% would allow the rate of photosynthesis, or how much plants
grow, to be what number?
A. 10
B. 50
C. 30
D. 0
30. Which of the following would be a limiting factor?
A. Plenty of Oxygen in the water for trout to use.
B. Drought occurs and half the carrot crop for rabbits is destroyed.
C, Lots of sunlight in a field for the clover to grow.
D. Mice find a hole in a barn full of corn.
31. The result of which scenario will result in a decrease in a tick population?
A. Deer population decreases.
B. Deer population increases.
C. Deer population stays the same.
D. Deer population does not affect tick population.
32. The carrying capacity of an ecosystem is usually determined by which of the following?
A. Limiting factors.
B. Variations
C. Succession
D. Natural Selection
Directions. Use the information and the graph below to answer Questions 33 - 34.
Frog populations from a local farm pond in Calvert County were sampled monthly for two
years. The collected data are shown in the graph below. Use the graph as a reference to
answer Questions 33-34.
Number of Frogs
FROG POPULATION
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Year 1
Year 2
J
F
M A M
J
J
A
S O N
D
Month
33. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the data in the above bar graph?
A. The frog population is dependent on available water.
B. The frog population decreased from Year 1 to Year 2.
C. The frog population is higher in the summer months.
D. The frog population is higher in the winter months.
34. Which of the following would be a correct conclusion about the frog population in December of Year 2?
A. The population is twice as much as in Year 1.
B. The population will be half as much as in Year 2.
C. The population will be the highest in December of Year 2 for the whole year.
D. The populations will be about the same size in December of both years.
Directions: Use the information and the graph below to answer Questions 35 - 40.
35. Letter D represents which of the following?
A. Lag phase
B. Exponential phase
C. Carrying capacity
D. Limiting factor
36. The birth rate is greater than the death rate at which point on the graph?
A. Point A
B. Point B
C. Point C
D. Point D.
37. The birth rate and the death rate are equal at which point on the graph?
A. Point A
B. Point B
C. Point C
D. Point D.
38. The exponential phase is represented at which point on the graph?
A. Point A
B. Point B
C. Point C
D. Point D.
39. Population stability is represented at which point on the graph?
A. Point A
B. Point B
C. Point C
D. Point D.
40. A J-curve graph is represented at which point on the graph?
A. Point A
B. Point B
C. Point C
D. Point D.