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NAME_______________________ Space Study Guide – Chapter 2 You will need to be able to match the following words with their definitions: axis – an imaginary line that extends through both poles of a planet revolve – to orbit around an object star – huge ball of superheated gases planet – a large object that orbits a star solar system – a group of objects that orbit a star in the center, and that star galaxy – a huge system of gases, dust, and stars 1. Because the earth rotates around its axis, the Earth has ___ ______day and night_________. 2. Stars can be classified in many ways. One way to classify a star is by its color. What does a star’s color tell us about the star? ______Its color tells us how hot it is.____________ 3. Which phase of the moon occurs approximately two weeks after a new moon? _____________Full Moon_______________ 4. Draw a picture of a waxing gibbous moon. (See textbook page 64. Waxing gibbous is the stage between first quarter and full moon.) 5. Draw a picture of a full moon. (See textbook page 64.) 6. Draw a picture of a first quarter moon. (See textbook page 64.) 7. What large object floats in space above Earth to take pictures of stars and planets? ________Hubble Space Telescope_____________ 8. Why do the positions of stars seems to change as seasons change? _As Earth orbits the sun, we see different parts of space at different times of the year.________ 9. The sun doesn’t actually rise and set. What causes the sun to appear to rise and set in the sky? _The rotation of Earth on its axis causes the sun to appear to rise and set.__ 10. The groups of stars known as Ursa Major, Cygnus, and Draco are examples of __constellations____________. 11. We can observe bright objects in the night sky. Some of these objects change positions, but some of them do not. If you observe a bright object in a different position each night, it must be a ____planet______. 12. The sun is a star made mostly of ____hydrogen_____ and _____helium__. Write two to three sentences to fully explain . 13. Why does the moon seem to have different shapes, or phases? ___As the moon orbits Earth, different amounts of its lit surface can be seen. The phases of the moon follow the same pattern about every 29 ½ days.________________________________________________________ 14. Compare how Earth rotates and how it revolves. ___Earth rotates on its axis once every 24 hours, which makes a day. Earth revolves around the sun on a path called its orbit. It takes about 365 days, or one year, to make a complete trip around the sun.