Download I - PTE KK

Final Examination Questions in Paediatrics
2016/17
3 questions must be drawn.
In the first section, we have collected questions which are commonly faced by
practicing paediatricians. We are primarily interested in answers which demonstrate
the students’ knowledge of differential diagnosis.
The second section addresses conditions arising in neonates.
The third section is made up of specific diseases and groups of diseases. The answer
should include a complete description of the condition, including the typical case
history, symptoms, diagnostic tests and criteria, and appropriate therapy.
I. General Paediatrics
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Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of fever in infants
Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of fever in children
The unconscious child. Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnosis of convulsions in infants and children
Treatment of status epilepticus
Emergency treatment of children
Monitoring of children in critical condition
Shock: types, symptoms, differential diagnosis
Differential diagnosis of pulmonary illnesses in children
Differential diagnosis of cough
Assessment and examination of pallor. Differential diagnosis
Paediatric illnesses accompanied by rash
Examination and differential diagnosis of petechiae, purpurae, and suffusions
(bleeding into the skin)
Diagnosis of enlarged lymph nodes. Differential diagnosis
Aetiology and differential diagnosis of joint pain
Abdominal pain in childhood. Diagnostic tests and differential diagnosis
Differential diagnosis of pathological abdominal masses
Most common causes of vomiting in infants
Most common causes of vomiting in children
Differential diagnosis of acute diarrhoea
Differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhoea
Differential diagnosis of bloody stool
Differential diagnosis of enuresis
Hepatomegaly: causes, diagnosis and differential diagnosis
Splenomegaly: causes, diagnosis and differential diagnosis
Dehydration: causes and differential diagnosis.
Symptoms and treatment of cardiac decompensation
Causes and differential diagnosis of failure to thrive
Jaundice (icterus): causes and differential diagnosis
Causes of oedema and ascites. Differential diagnosis
Examination of hypertension
Examination of the obese child
Differential diagnosis of allergy and atopia
Differential diagnosis of movement disorders
Differential diagnosis of conditions associated with an increased bleeding tendency
Examination of mentally impaired children
Examination of impaired psychomotor development in infants
Diagnosis and therapy of acute behavioural disorders
Usefulness of ultrasound diagnostics in infants and children
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Imaging examinations (X-ray, CT, MRI) in infants and children. Which to use when?
Laboratory tests to be used in infant and child infections (chemical and
microbiological). Which to use when?
Basis for selection of antibiotic therapy in infants and children
Pathological changes in body fluid volume: dehydration and hyperhydration
Disorders of sodium and potassium regulation and their treatment
Theory and practice of fluid therapy
Disorders of acid-base regulation and their treatment
The role of the primary care paediatrician in attending to neonates, infants and
children
Prevention of adult diseases in childhood
Use of antibiotics in infants and children
Symptomatic treatment in infants and children (fever reducers and painkillers,
anticonvulsants, mucolytics, medications affecting respiration and circulation)
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Neonatology
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Prenatal examinations for establishing the health and growth of the foetus
Care of the newborn in the delivery room
The mature, premature, and dysmature newborn: traits and differences
Feeding the healthy neonate and infant. Nursing, weaning, and inappropriate feeding
Energy, fluid and feeding requirements of the neonate
Screening tests in neonates
Physiological and pathological skin lesions in neonates.
Metabolic disturbances in neonates
Aetiology, diagnosis and therapy of neonatal jaundice
Neonatal isoimmunisation and its therapy
Neonatal respiratory illness (not including IRDS)
Pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis and therapy of IRDS
Primary pulmonary hypertension. Persistent foetal circulation. Diagnosis and
treatment
Most common congenital abnormalities causing cyanosis
Most common congenital abnormalities not causing cyanosis
Congenital abnormalities requiring surgery
Meconium ileus, necrotizing enterocolitis
Sexually transmitted diseases causing foetal and neonatal infections
Birth injuries
Bacterial perinatal infections
Non-bacterial perinatal infections
Haematogenic organs and their disorders in neonates
Bleeding in neonates (excluding intracranial haemorrhage)
Types of intracranial bleeding and their consequences in neonates and infants
Diagnosis of convulsions in neonates. Differential diagnosis and treatment
Early and late complications of neonatal illness
Perinatal asphyxia. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathia Hydrocephalus
The most common chromosomal abnormalities
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General Paediatrics
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Milestones in normal psychomotor development
Stages of normal pubertal development
Most common psychosomatic illnesses
Eating disorders
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Suicide in children and adolescents. Acute treatment
Sudden infant death syndrome
The abused child
Rickets. Tetany. Disorders of calcium and phosphate metabolism
The importance of minerals and trace elements
Required and elective vaccinations in infancy and childhood
Differential diagnosis and treatment of the most common poisonings in childhood
Treatment of the febrile patient at home and in the hospital
Pain relief in infancy and childhood
Rules of resuscitation of infants and children
Disorders of the humoral immune system
Disorders of the cellular immune system
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
Inflammatory disorders of the upper respiratory tract
Bacterial and viral pneumonias
Obstructive pulmonary disease
Asthma
Aspiration. Foreign body in the airway
Cystic fibrosis
Cardiac arrhythmias
Inflammatory disease of the heart
Arthritis. Autoimmune diseases
Henoch-Schönlein purpura
Symptoms and diagnostic tests in disorders of amino acid metabolism
Symptoms and diagnostic tests in disorders of carbohydrate metabolism
(galactosemia, fructose intolerance)
Storage diseases
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Causes, diagnosis and treatment of childhood gastrointestinal ulcers
Pyloric stenosis
Intussusception
Hirschprung disease
Enteritis
Malabsorbtion. Celiac disease
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)
Diseases of the liver
Diseases of the spleen
Disorders of body composition. Assessment of nutritional status
Acute appendicitis
Testicular and ovarian torsion. Cryptorchidism
Pancreatitis. Diseases of the pancreas
Hepatitis
Anaemia related to bone marrow insufficiency
Hemolytic anaemias
Disorders of thrombocyte number and function
Disorders of haemostasis. DIC
Hemophilias
Leukemias
Lymphomas
Brain tumors
Abdominal and retroperitoneal tumors (Wilms tumor, neuroblastoma)
Malignant tumors of the bones and soft tissue
Chemotherapy. Basis, side effects, complications
Obstructive uropathy. Vesicoureteral reflux disease (VUR)
Glomerulonephritis
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Nephrosis syndrome
Acute and chronic renal insufficiency. Symptoms and treatment. Dialysis.
Transplantation
Urinary tract infections
Urolithiasis
Renal tubular disease
Thyroid diseases
Diseases of the adrenal gland
Diabetes mellitus. Treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis
Diabetes insipidus
Hypoglycemia
Normal and abnormal growth
Abnormal puberty
Assessment, diagnosis and therapy of headaches in children
The most common types of epileptic seizures
Purulent meningitis. Serous meningitis
Encephalitis
Accidents in childhood
Burns
Salmonella and Shigella infections. Clinical picture and treatment
nfectious mononucleosis
Scarlatina
Varicella
Osteomyelitis
HIV, AIDS
Tick-borne diseases