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MA T H EMA T I C S H I G H E R M A T H S Higher Mathematics Practice Unit Tests Contents & Information 9 Practice Assessments....(3 for each unit) Answers Detailed marking schemes Pegasys Educational Publishing Pegasys 2010 FORMULAE LIST ( UNIT 2 ) The equation x 2 y 2 2 gx 2 fy c 0 represents a circle centre ( g , f ) and radius g 2 f 2c . The equation (x a )2 ( y b)2 r 2 represents a circle centre ( a , b ) and radius r. Trigonometric formulae: sin A B sin A cos B cos A sin B cos A B cos A cos B sin A sin B cos 2 A cos2 A sin2 A 2 cos2 A 1 1 2 sin2 A sin 2 A 2 sin A cos A Pegasys 2010 FORMULAE LIST ( UNIT 3 ) Scalar Product: a .b a b cos , where is the angle between a and b . or a .b Trigonometric formulae: a1 b1 a2 b2 a3 b3 a1 b1 where a a2 and b b2 a3 b3 sin A B sin A cos B cos A sin B cos A B cos A cos B sin A sin B cos 2 A cos2 A sin2 A 2 cos2 A 1 1 2 sin2 A sin 2 A 2 sin A cos A Table of standard derivatives: Table of standard integrals: f (x ) f (x ) sin ax a cos ax cos ax a sin ax sin ax cos ax Pegasys 2010 f ( x) dx f ( x) 1 cos ax C a 1 sin ax C a Practice Assessment (1) Unit 1 - Mathematics 1 (H) Outcome 1 1. Marks A line passes through the points (4, –5) and (7, 4). Find the equation of this line. 2. A line makes an angle of 42o with the positive direction of the x-axis, as shown in Diagram 1. The scales on the axes are equal. Find the gradient of the line giving your answer correct to 3 significant figures. 3. (2) y 42o o x Diagram 1 (2) A line L has equation y 34 x 2 . Write down the gradient of a line which is: (a) parallel to L (1) (b) perpendicular to L (1) Pegasys 2010 Outcome 2 4. y The graph of a cubic function y f (x) is shown in Diagram 2. (4, 6) On separate diagrams sketch the graphs of : (a) y f (x) . (b) y f ( x 1) . (2) o 1 The graphs with equations y 2 x And y a x are shown in Diagram 3. (2) x Diagram 2 –3 5. 8 y (2, 16) 14 12 If the graph with equation y a x passes through the point (2, 16), find the value of a. 10 8 (1) 6 y2 x 4 (2,4) 2 -1 o 1 2 3 x Diagram 3 y 6. x The graphs of y = 4 and its inverse function are shown in Diagram 4. y 4x Write down the equation of the inverse function. (1) (0, 1) o x (1, 0) Diagram 4 7. Functions f and g are defined on suitable domains by f ( x) x 2 5 and g ( x) 2 x 1 . Obtain an expression for f ( g ( x)) . Pegasys 2010 (2) Outcome 3 8. Given y dy x5 3 . , x ≠ 0, find 3 dx x (2) y x 2 5x 6 9. A sketch of the curve with equation y x 2 5x 6 is shown in Diagram 5. A tangent has been drawn at the point P(4, 2). Find the gradient of the tangent at P. 10. y P(4, 2) o x Diagram 5 (3) A curve has equation y 31 x 3 x 2 8 x 1 . Using differentiation, find the coordinates of the stationary points on this curve and determine their nature. (6) Outcome 4 11. In a small colony 25% of the existing insects are eaten by predators each day but during the night 500 insects are hatched. There are Un insects at the start of a particular day. (a) (b) Write down a recurrence relation for Un+1, the number of insects at the start of the next day. (1) It is known that the colony cannot survive if there are more than 2100 insects. (i) Find the limit of the sequence generated by this recurrence relation as n ∞. (ii) In the long term, can the colony survive? (3) Pegasys 2010 Practice Assessment (2) Unit 1 - Mathematics 1 (H) Outcome 1 1. Marks A line passes through the points (2, –5) and (–3, 5). Find the equation of this line. 2. A line makes an angle of 65o with the positive direction of the x-axis, as shown in Diagram 1. (2) y 65o The scales on the axes are equal. Find the gradient of the line giving your answer correct to 3 significant figures. o x (2) Diagram 1 3. A line L has equation y 5 x 7 . Write down the gradient of a line which is: (a) parallel to L (1) (b) perpendicular to L (1) Pegasys 2010 Outcome 2 4. The graph of a cubic function y f (x) is shown in Diagram 2. y (–1, 5) On separate diagrams sketch the graphs of : (a) y f (x) . (b) y f ( x 3) . (0, 3) (2) –3 (2) o 3 x Diagram 2 5. y The graphs with equations y 3 x and y a x is shown in Diagram 3. . 10 . 8 If the graph with equation y a x passes through the point (1, 7), find the value of a. (2, 9) (1, 7) 6 y 3x (1) 4 2 -1 . o 1 2 3 x Diagram 3 y y 5x 6. The graphs of y 5 x and its inverse function are shown in Diagram 4. Write down the equation of the inverse function. (0, 1) o (1) x (1, 0) Diagram 4 7. Functions f and g are defined on suitable domains by f ( x) 4 x 2 and g ( x) x 3 . Obtain an expression for f ( g ( x) . Pegasys 2010 (2) Outcome 3 8. Given y dy x6 4 . , x ≠ 0, find 2 dx x (2) y 9. A sketch of the curve with equation y x 2 10 x 16 is shown in Diagram 5. A tangent has been drawn at the point P(6, –8). Find the gradient of the tangent at P. 10. y x 2 10 x 16 o P(6, –8) x Diagram 5 (3) A curve has equation y 13 x 3 x 2 15x 3 . Using differentiation, find the coordinates of the stationary points on this curve and determine their nature. (6) Outcome 4 11. In a small rabbit colony one sixth of the existing rabbits are eaten by predators each summer, however during the winter 300 rabbits are born. There are Un rabbits at the start of a particular summer. (a) (b) Write down a recurrence relation for Un+1, the number of rabbits at the start of the next summer. (1) It is known that the colony cannot sustain more than 2000 rabbits at any one time. (i) Find the limit of the sequence generated by this recurrence relation as n ∞. (ii) In the long term, can the colony sustain the number of rabbits? Pegasys 2010 (3) Practice Assessment (3) Unit 1 - Mathematics 1 (H) Outcome 1 1. Marks A line passes through the points (–1, 3) and (3, –5). Find the equation of this line. 2. A line makes an angle of 35o with the positive direction of the x-axis, as shown in Diagram 1. The scales on the axes are equal. Find the gradient of the line giving your answer correct to 3 significant figures. 3. (2) y 35o o x Diagram 1 (2) A line L has equation y 2 x 9 . 3 Write down the gradient of a line which is: (a) parallel to L (1) (b) perpendicular to L (1) Pegasys 2010 Outcome 2 y 4. The graph of a function y f (x) is shown in Diagram 2. (3, 4) On separate diagrams sketch the graphs of : (a) y f (x) . (b) (2) o -5 5 x y f ( x) 1 . (2) (–3, –4) Diagram 2 y 5. The graphs with equations y 5 x and y a x is shown in Diagram 3. 10 y 5x 8 . 6 If the graph with equation y a x passes through the point (2, 4), find the value of a. . (1, 5) 4 2 -1 (2, 4) (1) . o 1 2 3 x Diagram 3 6. The graphs of y 2 x and its inverse function are shown in Diagram 4. y y 2x Write down the equation of the inverse function. (1) (0, 1) o x (1, 0) Diagram 4 7. Functions f and g are defined on suitable domains by f ( x) 2 x 2 x and g ( x) 2 x 5 . Obtain an expression for f ( g ( x)) . Pegasys 2010 (2) Outcome 3 8. 9. dy 5 x6 Given y . , x ≠ 0 , find 2 dx x (2) y A sketch of the curve with equation y x 2 2 x 3 is shown in Diagram 5. A tangent has been drawn at the point P(–1, 0). y x 2 2x 3 . P(– 1, 0) o x Find the gradient of the tangent at P. (3) Diagram 5 10. A curve has equation y x 3 8x 2 12 x 1. Using differentiation, find the coordinates of the stationary points on this curve and determine their nature. (6) Outcome 4 11. For an established ant hill 8% of the worker ants fail to return at the end of each day. However, during the night 460 worker ants are hatched. There are Un worker ants at the start of a particular day. (a) (b) Write down a recurrence relation for Un+1, the number of worker ants at the start of the next day. (1) It is known that the colony cannot survive if there are more than 6000 ants. (i) Find the limit of the sequence generated by this recurrence relation as n ∞. (ii) In the long term, will the colony survive? Pegasys 2010 (3) Answers Unit 1 - Practice Assessments Practice Assessment 1 1. m3 2. m 0 900 4. (a) diagram (reflection in x-axis) 5. a4 7. (a) Outcome 3 : 8. dy 2 x 9 x 4 dx Outcome 4 : 12. (a) Outcome 1 : Outcome 2 : y 3x 17 , ( y 4 3( x 7) or y 5 3( x 4) ) 3. 6. m (a) 3 4 m 43 (b) (b) diagram (translated 1 unit left) y log 4 x f ( g ( x)) (2 x 1) 2 5 4 x 2 4 x 4 9. m3 U n1 0 75U n 500 (b) 10. (4, 773 ) , max ; (2, 313 ) , min (i) L 2000 , (ii) will survive since 2000 < 2100. Practice Assessment 2 1. m 2 , 2. m 214 4. (a) diagram (reflection in x-axis) 5. a7 7. (a) Outcome 3 : 8. dy 4 x 3 8 x 3 dx Outcome 4 : 11. (a) Outcome 1 : Outcome 2 : y 2 x 1 3. 6. ( y 5 2( x 2) or y 5 2( x 3) ) m5 (a) m 15 (b) (b) diagram (translated 3 units right) y log 5 x f ( g ( x)) 4( x 3) 2 4 x 2 24 x 36 9. 10. (5, 184 3 ) , max m2 U n1 56 U n 300 (b) (i) L 1800 , (ii) (3,24 ) , min will sustain since 1800 < 2000. Practice Assessment 3 Outcome 1 : Outcome 2 : 1. m 2 , y 2 x 1 2. m 0 700 3. 4. (a) diagram (reflection in x-axis) 5. a 2 6. m 23 (a) (b) m 3 2 (b) diagram (translated 1 unit down) y log 2 x f ( g ( x)) 2(2 x 5) 2 (2 x 5) 8x 2 42 x 55 7. (a) Outcome 3 : 8. dy 10 x 3 4 x 3 dx Outcome 4 : 11. (a) Pegasys 2010 ( y 5 2( x 3) or y 3 2( x 1) ) 9. U n1 0 92U n 460 m 4 10. (6, 145) , max (b) (i) L 5750 , ( 23 , 85 27 ) , min (ii) will survive since 5750 < 6000. Practice Assessment (1) Unit 2 - Mathematics 2 (H) Outcome 1 1. 2. Marks (i) Show that ( x 3) is a factor of g ( x) x 3 6 x 2 5 x 12 . (ii) Hence factorise g(x) fully. (5) Determine the nature of the roots of the equation 2 x 2 7 x 1 0 using the discriminant. (3) Outcome 2 3. 4. Find 1 dx , x 0 x5 The curve with equation y x( x 4) 2 is shown in Diagrams 1. (3) y y x( x 4) 2 Calculate the shaded area shown in Diagram 1. o x 4 Diagram 1 5. (5) The line with equation y x and the curve with the equation y 4 x x 2 are shown in Diagram 2. The line and the curve meet at the points where x = 0 and x = 3. y yx Calculate the shaded area shown in Diagram 2. y 4x x 2 o 3 4 x Diagram 2 (6) Pegasys 2010 Practice Assessment (2) Unit 2 - Mathematics 2 (H) Outcome 3 1 for 0 x . 6. Solve the equation sin 2 x 7. Diagram 3 shows two right-angled triangles. 2 (2) 2 1 yo x o 3 2 Diagram 3 (a) Write down the values of cos x and sin y . (b) Show that the exact value of cos ( x y ) is (2) 4 (2) . 80 8. (a) Express sin x cos10 cos x sin 10 in the form sin ( x ) . (b) Using the results from (a), (1) solve sin x cos10 cos x sin 10 13 for 0 x 180 . (4) A circle has radius 7 units and centre C(2, –5). Write down the equation of the circle. (2) A circle has equation x 2 y 2 6 x 4 y 3 0 . Write down the coordinates of its centre and the length of its radius. (2) Outcome 4 9. (a) (b) 10. Show that the line with equation y 3x 4 is a tangent to the circle with the equation x 2 y 2 8x 4 y 10 0 . 11. (5) y The point P(4, 2) lies on the circle with centre C(2 ,–1) , as shown in Diagram 4. P(4, 2) Find the equation of the tangent at P. (3) x C(2, –1) Diagram 4 Pegasys 2010 Practice Assessment (2) Unit 2 - Mathematics 2 (H) Outcome 1 1. 2. Marks (i) 10 . Show that ( x 2) is a factor of f ( x) x 3 2 x 2 13x• (ii) Hence factorise f (x) fully. (5) Determine the nature of the roots of the equation 3x 2 4 x 3 0 using the discriminant. (3) Outcome 2 3. Find 4 dx, x 0 x6 (3) y 4. The curve with equation y 12 4 x x 2 is shown in Diagram 1. Calculate the shaded area shown in Diagram 1. y 12 4 x x 2 o Diagram 1 x 6 (5) 5. The curve with equation y x 2 4 x 6 and the curve with the equation y 6 2 x x 2 are shown in Diagram 2. The curves meet at the points where x = 0 and x 3 . y y x 2 4x 6 Calculate the shaded area shown in Diagram 2. (6) y 6 2x x 2 o 3 Diagram 2 Pegasys 2010 x Outcome 3 6. Solve the equation tan 2 x 1 for 0 x 2 . 7. Diagram 3 shows two right-angled triangles. (2) 15 25 yo xo 24 20 Diagram 3 8. (a) Write down the values of sin x and cos y . (2) (b) Show that the exact value of sin ( x y ) is 54 . (2) (a) Express cos x cos 30 sin x sin 30 in the form cos ( x ) . (1) (b) Using the results from (a), solve the equation cos x cos 30 sin x sin 30 92 for 0 x 360 . (4) A circle has radius 4 units and centre (–2, 3). Write down the equation of the circle. (2) A circle has equation x 2 y 2 8x 14 y 1 0 . Write down the coordinates of its centre and the length of its radius. (2) Outcome 4 9. (a) (b) 10. Show that the line with equation y 17 2 x is a tangent to the circle with equation x 2 y 2 6 x 2 y 10 0 . 11. (5) The point P(–3, 1) lies on the circle with C(–1, –2), y as shown in Diagram 4. P(–3, 1) Find the equation of the tangent at P. x C(–1, –2) (3) Diagram 4 Pegasys 2010 Practice Assessment (3) Unit 2 - Mathematics 2 (H) Outcome 1 1. 2. Marks (i) Show that ( x 1) is a factor of f ( x) x3 x 2 5x 3 . (ii) Hence factorise f (x) fully. (5) Determine the nature of the roots of the equation 4 x 2 12 x 9 0 using the discriminant. (3) Outcome 2 3. 4. Find 7 x3 dx , x 0 The curve with equation y x 2 9 x 18 is shown in Diagram 1. (3) y Calculate the shaded area shown in Diagram 1. y x 2 9 x 18 o 3 6 x (5) Diagram 1 5. The line with equation y 13 x and the curve with equation y x 2 7 x 13 are shown in Diagram 2. y The line and the curve meet at the points where y x 2 7 x 13 x = 0 and x = 6. y 13 x o Calculate the shaded area shown in Diagram 2. Pegasys 2010 6 Diagram 2 x (6) Outcome 3 3 for 0 x . 2 6. Solve the equation cos 2 x 7. Diagram 3 shows two right-angled triangles. (2) . 15 Diagram 3 xo yo 1 8. 3 (a) Write down the values of sin x and sin y . (b) Show that the exact value of sin ( x y ) is (a) Express cos x cos 25 sin x sin 25 in the form cos ( x ) . (b) Using the results from (a), (2) 15 . 2 24 (2) (1) 7 for 0 x 360 . solve the equation cos x cos 25 sin x sin 25 11 (4) A circle has a radius of 2 units and centre (–3, 1). Write down the equation of the circle. (2) A circle has equation x 2 y 2 8 y 7 0 . Write down the coordinates of its centre and the length of its radius. (2) Outcome 4 9. (a) (b) 10. Show that the line with equation y 17 4 x is a tangent to the circle with equation x 2 y 2 8x 2 y 51 0 . 11. The point P(1, –1) lies on the circle with centre C(–2, 2) (5) y C(– 2, 2) as shown in Diagram 4. Find the equation of the tangent at P. P(1, –1) Diagram 4 Pegasys 2010 x (3) Answers Unit 2 - Practice Assessments Practice Assessment 1 Outcome 1 : 1. proof , g ( x) ( x 4)( x 3)( x 1) 2. Outcome 2 : 3. x 4 C 4 5. 4 12 units2 6. Outcome 3 : Outcome 4 : 8 3 8 , b 2 4ac 41 real, distinct and irrational 1 4 C 4x 4. cos x 7. (a) 29 5 8. (a) sin( x 10) 9. (a) ( x 2) 2 ( y 5) 2 49 10. 1 root, x 1, a tangent (b) 21 13 units2 3 , sin y 10 , 170 5 2 proof (b) 8 (b) C(3, –2) , r 4 y 2 23 ( x 4) 11. 3 y 2 x 14 Practice Assessment 2 Outcome 1 : Outcome 2 : Outcome 3 : Outcome 4 : 1. proof , f ( x) ( x 1)( x 2)( x 5) 3. 4 x 5 C 5 5. 9 units2 6. 8. 5 8 , 4 5 C 5x sin x (a) (a) cos( x 30) (b) 9. (a) ( x 2) 2 ( y 3) 2 16 10. 1 root, x 7 , a tangent 47 b 2 4ac 20 not real 72 units2 4. 7. 8 2. 7 20 , cos y 25 25 , 253 proof (b) (b) C(4, –7) , r 8 y 1 23 ( x 3) 11. 3 y 2x 9 Practice Assessment 3 Outcome 1 : 1. proof , g ( x) ( x 3)( x 1)( x 1) Outcome 2 : 3. 7 x 2 C 2 5. 36 units2 6. Outcome 3 : Outcome 4 : 5 12 , 7 12 7 2 C 2x 7. sin x 75 5 8. (a) cos( x 25) 9. (a) ( x 3) 2 ( y 1) 2 4 10. 1 root, x 4, a tangent Pegasys 2010 b 2 4ac 0 equal roots 22 12 units2 4. (a) (b) 2. 15 24 , 334 5 , sin y 15 4 (b) C(0, 4) , r 3 11. y 1 x 1 y x2 (b) proof Practice Assessment (1) Unit 3 - Mathematics 3 (H) Outcome 1 1. 2. Marks The points A, B and C have coordinates ( 3 , 2 , 4 ) , ( 0 ,1, 3) , ( 6, 7 , 1) respectively. (a) Write down the components of AB. (1) (b) Hence show that A, B and C are collinear. (3) S(15,–15, –2) The point T divides RS in the ratio 3:1 as shown in Diagram 1. T Find the coordinates of T. R(7, –3, 2) 3. (3) Diagram 1 Diagram 2 shows vectors AB and AC where C 7 AC 2 1 3 AB 0 6 and (a) Find AB AC . (b) Hence find the size of angle BAC. (4) (a) Differentiate 3 cos x with respect to x. (1) (b) Given y A B Diagram 2 (1) Outcome 2 4. dy 3 sin x , find . 5 dx (1) 5. Find g (x) when g ( x) ( 3x 1) 5 . (2) 6. (i) Find 3 cos x dx (2) (ii) Integrate sin 2 x with respect to x. (1) 2 7. Evaluate ( x 3) dx 3 0 Pegasys 2010 (4) Outcome 3 8. (a) Simplify log x 2 log x 4 . (1) (b) Simplify 5 log 4 2 log 4 2 (4) 9. Solve e x 2 4 (2) 10. Solve log 2 ( x 3) 4 (2) Outcome 4 11. Express 2 cos x 3sin x in the form k cos ( x a ) where k 0 and 0 a 360 . Pegasys 2010 (5) Practice Assessment (2) Unit 3 - Mathematics 3 (H) Outcome 1 1. 2. Marks The points P, Q and R have coordinates ( 2, 6, –4 ) , (4, 4, –2) and (10, –2, 4) respectively. (a) Write down the components of PQ. (1) (b) Hence show that P, Q and R are collinear. (3) Q(–4, 3, –1) The point P divides QR in the ratio 2:3 as shown in Diagram 1. Diagram 1 P Find the coordinates of P. (3) R(6, –2, 19) 3. Diagram 2 shows vectors ST and SU where 2 SU 2 3 4 ST 2 5 and (a) Find ST SU . . (b) Hence find the size of angle TSU. S T (1) U (4) Outcome 2 4. (a) Differentiate 4 sin x with respect to x. (b) Given y 7 cos x , find dy . dx (1) (1) 5. Find h(x) when h( x) (1 4 x ) 5 . 6. (a) Find dx (2) (b) Integrate cos 3x with respect to x. (1) 3 4 sin x (2) 3 7. Evaluate ( x 2) 1 Pegasys 2010 2 dx (4) Outcome 3 8. (a) Simplify log t 5 log t 4 . (1) (b) Simplify 2 log 2 6 log 2 9 (4) 9. Solve e x 3 1 (2) 10. Solve log 3 ( x 4) 3 (2) Outcome 4 11. Express 5 sin x 3 cos x in the form k cos ( x a ) where k 0 and 0 a 360 . Pegasys 2010 (5) Practice Assessment (3) Unit 3 - Mathematics 3 (H) Outcome 1 1. 2. Marks The points S, T and U have coordinates ( 2 , 7 , 3 ) , ( 3, 2 , 5 ) and ( 6, 13 , 11) respectively. (a) Write down the components of ST. (1) (b) Hence show that S, T and U are collinear. (3) B (3,13, –9) The point P divides AB in the ratio 2 : 3 as shown in the Diagram 1. P Find the coordinates of P. A (8, – 2, 1) 3. (3) Diagram 1 Diagram 2 shows vectors KL and KM where 3 KL 2 5 K 2 KM = 8 1 and Diagram 2 L . M (a) Find the value of KL KM . (1) (b) Hence find the size of angle LKM. (4) (a) Differentiate 2 sin x with respect to x. (1) (b) Given y 4 cos x , find 5. Find f (x ) when 6. (a) Find (b) Integrate cos 2 x with respect to x. Outcome 2 4. dy . dx (1) f ( x) ( 2 3x ) 4 . (2) 2 sin x dx (2) (1) 2 7. Evaluate (3x 1) 1 Pegasys 2010 2 dx (4) Outcome 3 8. (a) Simplify log y 15 log y 3 . (1) (b) Simplify 3 log 2 4 log 2 16 (4) 9. Solve e x 1 8 (2) 10. Solve log 6 ( x 5) 2 (2) Outcome 4 11. Express 3sin x 7 cos x in the form k sin ( x a ) where k 0 and 0 a 360 . (5) Answers Unit 3 - Practice Assessments Practice Assessment 1 1. 3 (a) AB 3 1 3. (a) AB . AC 15 4. (a) 3 sin x 6. (a) 3sin x C Outcome 3 : 8. (a) Outcome 4 : 11. Outcome 1 : Outcome 2 : (b) proof log x 8 (b) (b) (b) T(13, –12, –1) 72 3 dy 3 cos x dx 5 (b) 2 2. 9. g ( x) 15(3x 1) 6 5. 12 cos 2 x C x 0 875 136 7. x 13 10. 13 cos( x 56 3) Practice Assessment 2 2 PQ 2 2 Outcome 1 : 1. (a) 3. (a) ST .SU 11 4. (a) 4 cos x 6. (a) 3 cos x C 4 Outcome 3 : 8. (a) Outcome 4 : 11. Outcome 2 : (b) proof (b) (b) log t 20 (b) 2 2. P(0, 1, 7) 66 6 dy 7 sin x dx h( x) 20(1 4 x) 4 5. (b) 1 sin 3 x C 3 7. 9. x 1131 10. 32 2 3 x 31 34 cos( x 59 0) Practice Assessment 3 1 ST 5 2 Outcome 1 : 1. (a) 3. (a) KL. KM 5 4. (a) 2 cos x 6. (a) 2 cos x C Outcome 3 : 8. (a) Outcome 4 : 11. Outcome 2 : log y 5 (b) proof (b) 58 sin( x 66 8) (b) (b) 2 2. P(6, 4 , – 3 ) 95 6 dy 4 sin x dx f ( x) 12(2 3x) 3 5. (b) 12 sin 2 x C 9. x 0 588 7. 10. x 41 13 units2