Download Ancient World - cloudfront.net

World History Semester One Study Guide: Chapters 1-7 Final
Supporters of laissez-faire agree with the following
• “Let people do as they choose”
• Rely on supply and demand, rather than the government, to regulate prices and wages
• Free markets lead to greater efficiency and more wealth for everyone
• Low taxes ensure that private individuals, not the government, will decide how the nation’s wealth is spent
• Free trade
Judaism was a unique religion in the ancient world because it was monotheistic.
Who was Siddhartha Gautama? the Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.
What is suggested by the quote, “Render unto Caesar the things that are Caesar’s”? Some things belong to the state and some things
belong to the individual
Which of the following was NOT true of the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages? It promoted tolerance of other religions.
Primarily intended to protect feudal rights, the Magna Carta eventually guaranteed the rights of all English people
Lutheranism was the first Protestant faith.
One of the most important concerns of Confucianism is human behavior.
Hinduism is a polytheistic religion
Which of the is NOT one of the five pillars of Islam? Avoid pork consumption
In what country is Mecca located? Saudi Arabia
Which Hindu God is considered the God of Wisdom? Ganesh
Which ideology is most likely to keep things as they are? conservatism
The end of suffering and cycles of reincarnation? Moksha
The Ganges is believed to be a holy river to Hindus.
Repaying the kindness of one’s parents, elders, and family ancestors. filial piety
Daoism teaches that humans should try to live in harmony with nature.
Who argued that if we were all selfish society would be better off? Smith
Rousseau believed that in a social contract, an entire society agrees to be governed by the general will.
What is absolutism? A system of government in which a ruler holds total power.
John Locke asserted that the people were justified in overthrowing the monarchy if the monarchy violated the people’s rights.
The three branches of the U.S. government are the judicial, executive, and legislative.
Who would argue greed is good? Smith
John Locke stated that government was formed to protect our natural rights
In the Greco-Roman view, the world is governed by natural laws that can be discovered through reason
All citizens in ancient Athens had the right to attend the Assembly, where they could meet in open discussion and cast votes. This situation is an example of direct democracy
Who believed that in an ideal society the government should be controlled by a class of “philosopher kings”? Plato
Ancient Greek philosophers helped the development of democracy by promoting reason and thought
The English philosopher John Locke argued that life, liberty, and property are natural rights that should be protected by government.
The European intellectual movement that emphasized the responsibility of government to protect people’s natural rights was called the
Enlightenment
What is associated with liberals? change
Who argued for women’s rights to become educated and to participate in politics. Wollstonecraft
John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau would be most likely to support the right of citizens to decide the best form of government
Napoleon controlled all of these countries except Great Britain
After the execution of Louis XVI, France was governed as a republic
Napoleon became head of the French government by coup d’etat
The Napoleonic Code enforced the idea of equality before the law
The French Revolution alarmed the monarchs of Europe because they feared that the ideas of the French Revolution would spread to
their own countries
Which Louis had his head chopped off? Louis XVI
Napoleon’s Continental System was designed to stop British trade with Europe.
Who was the most important European leader at the Congress of Vienna? Klemens von Metternich
Which statement is true of the outcome of the Congress of Vienna? Its leaders created a balance of power in Europe
What was the primary concern of the Concert of Europe? Napoleonic control of Europe
Which leader was inspired by the ideas of the American Revolution and the Enlightenment to lead the liberation of much of South
America from Spain? Simon Bolivar
A primary cause of the French Revolution in 1789 was the increasing dissatisfaction of the Third Estate
Maximilien Robespierre was the brutal head of the Committee of Public Safety.
Which event most contributed to the spread of nationalism in Europe? Napoleonic Wars
What continues to take place in the less developed world that really began on a massive scale during the Industrial Revolution?
urbanization
What was a consequence of the Industrial Revolution? cities were filthy and overcrowded but improved overtime
Which statement would a critic of capitalism have most likely made during the Industrial Revolution? “Business owners get rich while
workers remain poor.”
What is the relationship between work and property in a utopian community? People worked together and shared their property
A geographic advantage of England in the Industrial Revolution was its natural harbors
What impact did the steam engine have on the growth of industry? Provided an efficient source of power
The Agricultural Changes which took place in England during the 1600’s contributed to England’s later industrial development by
producing more food with fewer workers
What was the direct effect of increased food production during Europe’s Agricultural Revolution? The population increased
Liberalism is the belief that people should be as free as possible from government restraints.
Who developed a steam engine that could drive machinery? James Watt
According to Karl Marx, the proletariat, or working class, was oppressed by the middle class.
By 1914, trade unions had bettered both the living and working conditions of the working class.
What was the name of the legislative assembly created by Czar Nicholas II? the Duma
The members of the Triple Alliance were Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.
According to Marx, the means of production were owned by the ruling class oppressors.
In what way were German, Austrian-Hungarian, and Russian policies different from other European nations? they were less
democratic
Russia opposed Austria-Hungary over the 1908 annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovia.
What was Bloody Sunday? When troops opened fire on a peaceful demonstration in Russia
What territories did America win in the Spanish American war? Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines
The only free states remaining in Africa by 1914 were Liberia and Ethiopia.
Mohandas Gandhi set up a nonviolent movement with the aim to force the British to aid the poor and grant independence to India.
Which country controlled parts of North, South, East, and West Africa? Great Britain
Which country controlled parts of North and West Africa? France
For which of the countries listed did “the sun never set”? Britain
Which European country did not have colonies in Southeast Asia? Belgium
What did European nations see Asian and African societies as? Source of industrial raw materials
Where did Europe set up colonies in the 1700’s? North and South America
In the 19th century where did the European expansion spread? Asia and Africa
France was able to conquer all of the following countries except Thailand
Why was indirect rule an advantage? It maintained local culture and didn’t interfere with customs
One benefit brought to Indian society by British rule was railroads and telegraphs.
What did the resistance movements demand for? National independence
Before 1850 Europeans controlled how much of the African continent directly? little
To settle the claims of east Africa territories what was called in 1884-1885? Berlin Conference
Which trading company was given power by the British government to become actively involved in India’s political and military affairs? British East India Company
Where is the Suez Canal located? Egypt
In 1800, the only two societies in Southeast Asia that were under European rule were the Philippines and the Dutch East Indies.
In the late nineteenth century, the real driving force behind colonization of Central Africa was Leopold II of Belgium.
Meiji: enlightened rule
What was the name of China’s Nationalist Party? Guomindang
The Revolution of 1911 in China did not bring about a revolution as much as it ended 2,000 years of imperial rule
Why did the United States propose an Open Door policy? to guarantee equal trading rights with European countries in China
What island did China agree to give to Britain? Hong Kong
Which of following European countries did not control a part of China? Spain
If a colony was run by___________, local elites were removed from power and replaced with a new set of officials from the mother
country. direct rule
Social Darwinism is BEST defined as a belief in the “survival of the fittest,” meaning the strong will survive and the weak will not.
What did European nations see Asian and African societies as? Source of industrial raw materials
In the 19th century where did the European expansion spread? Asia and Africa
“God hath power to create or destroy, make or unmake, at his pleasure; to give life or send death; to judge…and to be judged [by]
none…And the like power have kings…” Which idea is described by this passage? divine right
The Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights are similar in that they both limited the power of the monarchy
Magna Carta (England), Bill of Rights (England),Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen (France), Bill of Rights (United States)
What did these documents have in common? protection of individual liberties against the state
A punishment, to be just, should have only that degree of severity which is sufficient to deter others.
—Cesare Beccaria, 1764 This Enlightenment concept resembles the U.S. Bill of Rights in that it prohibits cruel acts against criminals.
The home is inviolable. Searches may be ordered only by a judge ... —Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany, 1949 Which
of the following documents most influenced this article? the U.S. Constitution