Download GEORGIA HISTORY FIRST NINE WEEKS EXAM

GEORGIA HISTORY SECOND 6 WEEKS BENCHMARK Review Sheet
1. What role did Alexander Stephens play in
Georgia’s decision to secede and what office
did he hold in the Confederate government?
Debated against secession and was name
vice president of the Confederacy.
2. What major advancement allowed prehistoric
Native Americans to live in larger groups and
stay in one location for longer periods of
time?
The Indians began to cultivate plants as food.
3. What was the Emancipation Proclamation?
Who created it, what did it do, and what major
event was it issued after?
President Lincoln issued an ultimatum to the
South after the Battle of Antietam that stated,
unless they rejoined the Union, all slaves in
rebelling states would be freed..
4. Why would an archeologist find fewer artifacts
from the Paleo culture that the other three
prehistoric cultures?
The Paleo culture the nomadic lifestyle didn’t lend
itself to large trash heaps.
5. Georgia’s two deep-water seaports are the
ports of..
Savannah and Brunswick
6. Describe Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign.
When was it, what was his goal, and what
were the major battles of the campaign?
Total Warfare, Burned Atlanta on November
15th 1864, and included the battles of Resaca,
Dalton, and Kennesaw Mountain.
7. How did the French and Indian War help
cause the American Revolution? Great Britain
was heavily in debt after the war and tried to recover
monies by taxing colonies based on the idea that the
war had been necessary to protect the colonies from
the French.
8. What were the Intolerable Acts and why did
the British create them?
Four laws that were to punish the colonists of
Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party.
9. Which battle in late 1863 was victory for the
Confederates, but a major military mistake
was made by General Braxton Bragg in not
following up on a Union retreat.
The battle of Chickamauga.
10. What was the Yazoo Land Fraud and how did
it impact Georgia?
The state could not claim the land because the
General Assembly illegally sold it to private
companies.
11. What is a land grant University?
The federal government donated the land for the
college.
12. What discovery led to the final Indian removal
from Georgia?
Gold
13. In 1830 what requirements did the Georgia
legislature set on whites who lived on
Cherokee lands?
They had to swear an oath of allegiance to
the Governor.
14. What is segregation and what laws were used
to enforce it?
The separation of races that were enforced
by the Jim Crow Laws.
15. What was the Ku Klux Klan and how did it
impact Georgia during the reconstruction era?
Used terror and intimidation to try and keep
freedmen from exercising their new civil and
voting rights. Their activities led to Georgia
being placed under military rule in 1869.
16. Why did many southerners turn to
sharecropping and tenant farming after the
Civil War?
The typical planter in Georgia had plenty of land
but no labor to work it, so landowners allowed
people with no land to grow crops on their acreage
for a share of those crops.
17. How did sharecropping impact southern
blacks?
It kept most black people impoverished and in
debt to white landowners.
18. What was the Freedmen's Bureau?
A federal government organization created in
1865 to supervise the transition of slaves to
freedom
19. What was the New South movement, who
was its main advocate, and how did it impact
southern states?
"New South" advocates such as Henry Grady used
propaganda to persuade an increase in
industrialization by using local resources. It led to
a trend toward industrialization and diversification
of agriculture.
20. What were the International and Cotton
States Expositions and why were they held?
23. What is white supremacy?
The belief that the white race is superior to
any other race.
24. What was the convict lease system and how
did it impact Georgia?
A prison system, from which the Bourbon
Triumvirate benefitted, that allowed prisoners to
work for private businesses, and caused
unemployment and false imprisonments.
25. Who was Henry McNeal Turner?
One of the first African Americans elected to
Georgia’s General Assembly
26. What was the Populist Party and why did it
not become very popular in southern states?
In 1891, the Populist Party was formed. The
Populist Party ran on a platform that promised
an eight-hour workday with better working
conditions, restriction on immigrants, and
guaranteed loans for farmers. This new party
unsuccessful in Georgia because they
identified with black voters.
27. Describe the Leo Frank case.
The results of the legal case involving Leo
Frank struck fear in Jewish southerners
until the civil rights movement brought
significant changes
To attract new industries
21. What was the Bourbon Triumvirate and how
did they help the state, but also how did they
not help the state?
Joseph Brown, John Gordon, & Alfred Colquitt.
They did little to improve poor working conditions
in factories, didn’t provide educational
opportunities and job training for the poor after the
Civil War, Did not improve mental hospitals, and
they did not improve the prison system
22. Who was Rebecca Latimer Felton and what
social reforms did she advocate?She was the
Atlanta Journal writer who campaigned for
reforms, women's suffrage, and temperance in
Georgia.
28. What were "Jim Crow" laws?
Laws to enforce the policy of segregation
29. Describe the impact of Plessy v. Ferguson?
A court case that established the separate-butequal concept and led to segregation by law in
southern states
30. How did Georgia and other southern states
disenfranchise their black citizens in the early
1900s? Poll Tax, Literacy Test, and White
Primary.
31. Describe the three reconstruction plans (Lincoln, Johnson, and Congress)
Lincoln's plan
1. All Southerners, except
for high ranking civil
Johnson's plan
1. Same as Lincoln’s plus:
2. Expanded group of
and military leaders
Southerners who had to seek
would be pardon after
a pardon from the president
taking an oath to the
to those who owned more
USA.
than $20,000.00 in property.
2. When 10% of the voters
3. Southern States had to
Congressional plan
1. Passed 14th Amendment to
oppose black codes.
2. Southern States must ratify
the 14th Amendment.
3. State governments could not
establish a state military and
each state was assigned a
in each state had taken
approve the 13th
Federal military
the oath of loyalty, the
amendment.
commander.
state would be
permitted to form a
legal government and
rejoin the Union.
4. Nullify their ordinance of
secession.
5. Southern States had to
promise not to pay
4. Each State’s constitution
had to include the rights of
African Americans to vote.
5. Each state was required to
individuals and institutions
have their citizens ratify
that helped finance the
their new constitution and
Confederacy.
the 14th Amendment.