Download SIDS Initiatives - School

Cyclones
El
Nino
Climate
Change
Deforestation
Tsunamis
Challenges
Over
Economic
Development
fishing
Alien
Political
Instability
Species
Tourism
How are they trying to
manage these issues?
‘Evaluate’
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Convention on Biological
Diversity and Biodiversity
Action Plans
Linked to Rio Summit 1992
Countries which agreed with the Convention started to
write their Biodiversity Action Plans (BAPs) which aim
to restore and protect biological systems
To complete a BAP they have to assess conservation
status of species, create targets, establish budgets
2009 = 191 ratified the CBD but only a fraction have
completed BAPs
Several of the Pacific SIDS have complete BAPs e.g.
Tuvalu, Micronesia, Samoa, Marshall Islands, Tonga,
Cook Islands, Kiribatti
All of these countries also signed up for the 2010
Biodiversity Target (to achieve significant reduction of
current rate of biodiversity loss) – incorporated into
the MDGs
Islands First - NGO
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Works for the small islands
Helps to get their message heard in the UN
Assembles scientific support
Ensure that the SIDS are properly represented on the
UN and in attendance at meetings
Mobilises public support
Attended Copenhagen 2009
MPAs
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Protected Marine Environments
Established in the Pacific the Phoenix Islands Protected
Area and is the size of California
Also nominated for a World Heritage Site
Organised by the government of Kiribati and 2 NGOs
Conservation International and New England
Aquarium
Allows scientific research
CRISP – coral reef
initiatives for the Pacific
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Sponsored by France and the French Development
Agency
Aims to create a vision for the future of coral reefs and
the communities they support
Also aims to help integration between developed
countries (Australia, New Zealand and France) and
developing countries (SIDS)
One area they have developed is reef restoration but
they also look at coastal integrated management and
the socio – economic value of the reefs.
WWF – World Wildlife
Fund
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Have a regional operation in the South Pacific
Aims for:
Effective fisheries managment
Increasing populations of priority species
Networks of MPAs
Helping develop and secure national and regional
conservation policies
Projects based on ‘Bottom Up’ development and
working with communities
To what extent do these
management options help solve the
challenges facing the Pacific SIDs?
Cyclones
CBD &
BAPS
Islands
First
MPAS
CRISP
WWF
El Nino
Tsunamis
Tourism
Alien
Species
Political
Instability
Economic
Develop
ment
Deforest Climate
ation
Change
External Threats
and
opportunities
Institutions and
Governance
People and
Livelihoods
Natural Systems
Players
• Players focuses on the
organisations, groups and
individuals who have a
role to play within an issue
• Players might be thought
of as ‘decision makers’ or
‘stakeholders’
• Players may hold very
different views on an
issue, because they have
different opinions and
values
• It is important students
understand these
different positions and
perspectives
CONSERVATIONISTS – an
area of biodiversity to be
protected from human
activity
INDIVIDUALS– an area to
be enjoyed and explored;
expectation that facilities
and amenities will be
available
TOURISM
INDUSTRY – an
area for making
profits, but also
requiring
conservation to
maintain visitor
numbers
LOGGERS – an area of
timber resources that
could be exploited
WATER INDUSTRY – an
important source of
freshwater to supply
homes and industry
Actions
• Actions focuses on both the
scale and standpoint of
actions
• There is a hierarchy of
actions at different scales
• There is often debate over
which scale of management
is best for a particular issue
• Often an issue is managed at
several scales
• Chosen actions are
influenced by players’
standpoints, especially
political and economic
beliefs
Global
agreements and
international
action
National policy and
management
Local governance and individual
actions
Neo-liberal
Socialist
Grassroots
Focus on
commercial
solutions and less
government
influence
Focus on national
planning and
targets, often
top-down
Focus on bottomup and
sustainable, small
scale initiatives
International,
market-led
National,
government led
Local, community
led
Futures
•
Futures focuses on the direction the
contested planet should take
• Three future scenarios are recognised:
Business as usual
Sustainable
Radical
• The first implies humans continue to
behave in similar ways to the past i.e.
high consumption and pollution
• Sustainable futures suggests stabilising
consumption and human environmental
impacts
• Radical implies concerted action to
reverse environmental degradation
• Each of the three futures have very
different consequences and are
supported by different players
• Each approach has very different costs
and benefits