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Chapter 10 Vocabulary List Geologic Time Scale—division of Earth’s history into time units based largely on the types of life-forms that lived only during certain periods Eons—longest subdivision in the geologic time scale that is based on the abundance of certain types of fossils and is subdivided into eras, periods, and epochs Era—Second-longest division of geologic time; is subdivided into periods and is based on major worldwide changes in types of fossils Periods—units of geologic time characterized by the types of life existing worldwide at the time; is subdivided into epochs Epochs—next-smaller division of geologic time after the period; is characterized by differences in life-forms that may vary regionally Organic Evolution—change of organisms over geologic time Species—a group of organisms that normally reproduces only with other members of their group Natural Selection—process by which organisms that are suited to a particular environment are better able to survive and reproduce than organisms that are not (The strongest survive) Trilobite—organism with a three-lobed exoskeleton that was abundant in Paleozoic oceans and is considered to be an index fossil Pangaea—large, ancient landmass that was composed of all the continents joined together Precambrian Time—the longest part of Earth’s history; includes the Hadean, Archean, and Proterozoic Eons Cyanobacteria—blue-green algae thought to be one of the earliest forms of life on Earth Paleozoic Era—era of ancient life; 544 million years ago-248 million years ago Mesozoic Era—era of middle life; between 248 and 65 million years ago; marked by rapid movement of Earth’s plates Cenozoic Era—era of recent life; began 65 million years ago and continues today; divided into the Tertiary and Quaternary periods; features periods of mountain building