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Name Hour Classical Drama originated in the ancient . It developed a rich tradition in and . The Greek tragedies were produced as part of an in Athens. Components of the play: Tragedy: a drama that recounts the of a dignified, who is involved in or significant . What is a satyr? What is a tragic hero in the play? What is the difference between a protagonist and an antagonist? Tragic Flaw: a in the that brings about or contributes to his or her . This flaw may be poor judgment, , weakness, or an excess of an admirable quality. The tragic hero recognizes his/her flaw and its consequences, but only after it is too late to change the The of Plays written by (441 B.C.) Oedipus Rex (430 B.C.) at Colonus (401 B.C.) . Characteristics of Sophoclean Tragedy: It is based on events that already took place and are . The protagonist is a person of . The protagonist has a and because of it becomes isolated and suffers a . Because the protagonist’s fall is not entirely his/her own fault, the audience may end up pitying him/her. The fallen protagonist gains understands his weakness. . He has a deeper insight into himself and The audience undergoes , a purging of emotions, after experiencing pity, fear, shock and other strong feelings. The people go away feeling better. The drama usually unfolds in one place in a short period of time, usually about a . Pride as a Character Flaw: Pride was considered a because it placed too much emphasis on individual will, thereby downplaying the will of the state and endangering the community as a whole. Because pride makes people unwilling to accept wise counsel, they act rashly and make bad decisions. Great pride is referred to as The Amphitheater: The plays were put on beneath the bright skies of Greece, in huge outdoor amphitheaters, somewhat like modern Built upon hillsides, they seated as many as cut in half. people at a time. The stage was a slightly raised platform in the open area upon the ground. A long building, called the , served as a backdrop of the action and as a dressing room. We do not know for certain all the details of the Greek theater. Scholars believe that the stage was backed by a structure with A spacious circular floor, the and which could represent a palace or the walls of a city. , was located between the skene and the audience. Other distinguishing characteristics of Greek theater: All of the actors were . They wore megaphones to send their voices through the vast theater. which may have contained built in The actors wore elegant robes, huge masks, and often elevated shoes which added to the grandeur of the spectacle. Sophocles used actors in his plays; between scenes, they changed characters. and when they needed to portray different The play depended more on the of facial expression or gesture. the actors The actors’ movements had to be and to the realistic style of drama we expect today. than on the subtle effects . This kind of theater has little relation The Chorus: The Greek chorus was a group of actors (12-15) who moved and sang together as . Actually the plays themselves developed from a kind of community sing when bit by bit a chorus grew up that told stories in song and verse. Role of the Chorus: the action the action in relation to the law of the state and the law of gods the future Serve as in the play and/or dance Other facts about the Chorus: The chorus is often considered a kind of representing the response of , citizens to the tragic events unfolding in the play. The chorus could also set the mood of the story. Sometimes the chorus sided with one or another Sometimes it a character of impending Often the chorus, with its folk truths and its the loftier passions and thoughts of the hero. The chorus did NOT mouth directly the ideas of the author. in the play. . , created a contrast with Conventions—standard ways of presenting action: The Greek tragedy usually followed conventions requiring unity of time, place, and action. Explain what it means that the play has unity of action: Greeks felt that horror was so repulsive to see that it ruined the artistic effects of the dramas. Therefore, all actions took place off stage. They were reported to the audience by . Glossary of Greek Drama: Catharsis: a of . Drama: Literary work with written in verse and by actors playing characters experiencing conflict and tension. In Greek drama, a play derives its plot from stories from history or mythology. Dramatic : Failure of a character to see or understand what is obvious to the audience. Oedipus, for example, was unaware early on of what the audience knew: that he was married to his own mother, Jocasta. Dionysus: Patron god of drama; god of and . Dionysus was the son of Zeus and one of the most important of the Greek gods. Dionysus died each was reborn each and , symbolizing renewal and rejuvenation. Festivals of Greek drama were held in his name. Hubris: Great Ode: . Hubris often is the character in Greek drama. sung in a play or a festival. Prologue (Prologos) of a play that provides background material. Satire In Greek literature, a play or a passage in a play that at public figures or the gods. : Ancient City of E. Central Greece; NW of Athens Oracle of Delphi: A shrine in Delphi where people would consult a representative ( or ) of the god/goddess. : In Greek mythology, the head of a woman, body of a lion, teeth and wings and claws like an eagle; killed all who couldn’t answer her riddle.