Download chapter 27: the global crisis, 1921-1941

CHAPTER 27: THE GLOBAL CRISIS, 1921-1941
PIB AMERICAN HISTORY
I. INTRODUCTION After World War I, the United States avoided international commitments but not international
contact. Relations with Latin America improved, but in Asia and Europe, crises were brewing. The initial American
reaction to the aggressive moves of Italy, Germany, and Japan was one of isolationism. Anxious to avoid involvement in
another world war, the United States passed a series of Neutrality Acts; but as the Axis aggressors became bolder,
Roosevelt eased the nation closer and closer to war. The attack on Pearl Harbor blew away all isolationist remnants, and
the nation entered World War II determined and unified.
II. CHAPTER OUTLINE: THE EVIDENCE OF HISTORY (terms, people & groups, issues & events)
A. THE DIPLOMACY OF THE NEW ERA ({pp. 728-729} 730-733)
isolationism
Henry Cabot Lodge
Treaty of Versailles
1919
“moral force” of world opinion
Charles Evans Hughes
League of Nations
1919-1946
war debt and reparations
Aristide Briand
Treaty of Berlin
1921
“Yankee imperialism”
Frank Kellogg
Washington Conference
1921-1922
repudiation-moratorium-default
Charles G. Dawes
Five-Power Pact
nationalism and disarmament
Benito Mussolini
Nine-Power Pact
fascism and anti-Semitism
Adolf Hitler
Four-Power Pact
Mein Kampf 1923
Chiang Kai-shek
Kellogg-Briand Pact
1928
Lebensraum
Hirohito
Dawes Plan
1924
National Socialism
Henry Stimson
Young Plan
1930
“Aryan” master race
Fordney-Mccumber Tariff Act 1922
London Naval Treaty of 1930
World disarmament conference (Geneva) 1932
Weimar Republic
1919-1933
Third Reich
1933-1945
Japanese militarists coup d’etat 1931
Japanese Invasion of Manchuria 1931
Stimson doctrine
Jan 1932
Shanghai
1932
B. ISOLATIONISM AND INTERNATIONALISM (pp. 734-739)
trade reciprocity
Cordell Hull
World Economic Conference (London) 1933
isolationism arms embargo
Josef Stalin
Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act of 1934
travel at your own risk
Maxim Litvinov
Recognition of the Soviet Union
1933
cash-and-carry
Gerald Nye
Inter-American Conference at Montevideo 1933
Axis Powers
Hiram W. Johnson
"Good Neighbor Policy"
1939 Germany & Italy
Francisco Franco
Japan terminates Naval Treaty 1934
1940 Japan, Hungary,
Adolf Hitler
Nye Committee
1934-1935
Bulgaria, Romania,
Neville Chamberlain
Johnson Act
1934
Slovakia, Croatia
Edouard Daladier
Embargo Act
1935
Falangists and Republicans
Benito Mussolini
World Court Treaty rejected 1935
"quarantine the aggressors"
King George VI
Ethiopia
Oct. 1935
This is the last territorial claim I
Winston Churchill
Neutrality Acts
1935-36-37
have to make in Europe."
Spanish Civil War
1936-1939
"...peace in our time."
Second Sino-Japanese War
Jul 1937-1945
"appeasement"
Quarantine Speech
Oct. 1937
"...blood, toil, tears, and sweat."
Panay Incident
Dec 1937
Rhineland
March 1936
Austria ("Anschluss")
March 1938
Munich Pact (Sudetenland)
Sept. 1938
Czechoslovakia
March 1939
Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact Aug 1939
Poland
Sep 1, 1939
America in the World:
The Sino-Japanese War, 1931-1941 (p. 736)
Patterns of Popular Culture
Orson Welles and The War of the Worlds (pp. 738-739)
C. FROM NEUTRALITY TO INTERVENTION (pp. 739-744)
“phony war”
Marshall Henri Petain
Neutrality Act 1939
"moral embargo"
Winston Churchill
Soviet Union invades 1939-1940
collaborationist
Joseph P. Kennedy
E. Poland-Latvia-Estonia"...'this was their finest hour'"
William Allen White
Lithuania-Finland
Third Term"
Committee to Defend America
Blitzkrieg
spring, 1940
"eliminate the dollar sign"
by Defending the Allies
Denmark
"hemispheric defense"
Fight for Freedom Committee
Norway
arsenal of democracy
Robert E. Wood
Netherlands
"certain common principles"
America First Committee
Belgium
modus vivendi
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Luxembourg
"...a date that will live in
Henry A. Wallace
France
infamy"
Wendell Willkie
Miracle at Dunkirk
May-Jun 1940
Tora Tora Tora
Henry Stimson
France surrenders
Jun 22, 1940
Prince Konoye
Vichy France
Cordell Hull
Battle of Britain (“The Blitz”) Aug-Oct 1940
GEN Hideki Tojo
Selective Service Act Sept. 1940
ADM Isoroku Yamamoto
(Burke-Wadsworth)
Election of 1940 (P)
Four Freedoms Speech Jan 1941
Lend-Lease Act
Mar 1941
Germany invades USSR Jun 22,1941
Operation Barbarossa
Robin Moor
May 1941
Greer
Sep 1941
Kearney
Oct 1941
Reuben James
Oct 1941
Atlantic Charter
Aug 1941
Tripartite Pact
Sep 1940
Japan invades Indochina Jul 1941
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
1941
Pearl Harbor
Dec 7, 1941
Where Historians Disagree: The Question of Pearl Harbor (pp. 744-745)
D. CONCLUSION (pp. 745-746)
III. ADDITIONAL READINGS: For the Record. A Documentary History of America.
Lodge:
Stimson:
Grew:
F. Roosevelt:
F. Roosevelt:
Lindbergh:
F. Roosevelt:
Roosevelt & Churchill:
from The Meaning of the Kellogg-Briand Treaty (1928)
from War is an Illegal Thing (1932)
A More Forceful Response to Japan Is Needed (1937)
Quarantine the Aggressors (1937)
The Four Freedoms (1941)
Address to America First Rally (1941)
War Message to Congress (1941)
The Atlantic Charter (1941)
p. 235/250
p. 237/252
p. 238/253
p. 239/254
p. 242/257
p. 244/259
p. 245/260
p. 149/260
IV. ESSAY QUESTIONS
1. Discuss the differences between the foreign policies of isolationism and internationalism. Illustrate those differences
with examples from the U.S. foreign policies between 1921 and 1941.
2. Describe the foreign policy of the United States toward Japan between 1931 and 1941. Include a discussion of the
goals of the United States and its success in achieving them.
3. Describe the foreign policy of President Franklin Roosevelt and the United States toward Europe from 1939 to
1941. Contrast its stated policy of neutrality with its actions during that period.