Download Cells Notes - G. Holmes Braddock

SC-912.L.16.17
Mitosis is a process of the cellular division that produces identical daughter cells in
order to replace damaged cells, dead cells, and for growth. Mitosis occurs in all cells
of the body.
Meiosis is a process of cellular division that produces gametes/reproductive cells
(sperm & eggs). Meiosis occurs in the reproductive organs (testes & ovaries)
Mitosis can lead to asexual reproduction (ex. Bacteria- binary fission)
Meiosis produces gametes that unite during sexual reproduction creating a zygote
Cell Cycle
Interphase- chromosomes replicate/double mitosis
1) Prophase
2) Metaphase- chromosomes align in the middle of the cell
3) Anaphase- one copy of each chromosome goes to opposite sides of the cell
4) Telophase- cell begins to divide
Cytokinesis- cells splits forming 2 identical daughter cells
Cancer is caused by mutations to DNA. The mutation causes DNA to produce
Meiosis is a 2-stage process with phases very similar to mitosis. Meiosis I includes
an interphase when the chromosomes replicate and 2 identical daughter cells are
produced (exactly like mitosis). Meiosis II does not include an interphase and 2
daughter cells divide into 4 reproductive cells/gametes with half the number of
chromosomes (haploid)
During meiosis different cells/gametes get half of the chromosomes from the
original (cell/parent).
Different gametes get different halves of each chromosome so all gametes are
different and thus produce different offspring. This is known as independent
assortment
Sometimes chromosomes get close to each other during meiosis and exchange part
of their DNA. This is called crossing over