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Bell Work
1. The first shots fired in the Civil War happened at ____ ___________ in
________________ (April _______)
2. The south ___________ (or left) the Union to protest _____________
______________ winning the election of 1860.
3. Confederate General ______ surrendered to Union General Grant at
____________________ Court House in VA (April _______)
4. After the Battle of _______________ in Maryland, Lincoln issued the
____________________ __________________ which didn’t really free any
slaves
5. ___________ ______________ were the states that had slavery, but did not
join the confederacy.
6. After the Battle of _________________ (July ____) the Union was on the
offensive. That is why it is called the _______________ _________ of the
Civil War
Reconstruction
After the Civil War, the north and western economies were booming! But the
southern economy was in _______. Thanks to worthless confederate
_____________, the end of ______________ and the destruction of southern cities
the south was in the middle of an economic collapse. The period after the Civil
War is known as reconstruction and it refers to the _______________ and
psychological ________________ of the south.
I. Reconstruction Plans
A. Lincoln’s Plan
1. _______________ confederates
2. states could reenter Union when ___% of population took oath of allegiance
3. New State Constitutions had to endorse __th Amendment
Lincoln had no desire to ___________ the South. However, Lincoln’s plan never went into effect
because he was assassinated by John Wilkes _____________. Who became President after Lincoln was
assassinated?
B. Andrew Johnson’s Plan
At first, this plan went into effect. Johnson said each state should call for a state convention and adopt
new state ____________________ which stated:
1. void _______________________
2. abolish _____________(13th Amendment)
3. only then could state and federal election be held
Unfortunately, Southerners used ______________ tactics and _________________to control the
newly freed slaves: Upset by this Southern Response to Johnson’s Plan, _______________
Republicans forced their plan into action! Radical Republicans (who controlled ____________ and
therefore the ________________ of Reconstruction) forced their plan into action! Radical Republicans
were mainly former __________________. They ______________ the ___________ and wanted to
make the south pay for their part in starting the civil war. Andrew Johnson did not get along with the
Radical Republicans.
C. Radical Republican Plan
1. States had to ratify the Civil Rights Act and __th Amendment- made free slaves ______________
and protected their __________ (thanks to the _____________ protection clause)!
2. New state Constitutions also had to ratify the ___th Amendment: gave newly freed male slaves (21
& older) the right to ________.
The 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments to the Constitution as known as the _________ _______
__________________________
3. _______________ Reconstruction Act: The Radical Republicans divided the South into ____
military districts: federal _______stayed to enforce new laws and ___________ the newly freed
slaves.! Really upset the ____________________________.
II. The ________________ Bureau was established:
•______________ : (Hampton Institute) as well as primary and secondary schools
•Gave food and shelter to those newly freed slaves in need.
•They made them understand their _____________
•They helped __________ families
•They helped freed slaves find __________
Life changes for slaves: The 13th amendment abolished slavery throughout the United States!
•Newly freed slaves formed _______________
•They started their own _________________(why)
•They could own ______________!
III. Ulysses S. Grant (1869-1877)
The former Union General Ulysses S. Grant was President after Andrew Johnson. He served ______
terms and was more ____________________ to the demands of the radical republicans than Johnson
had been. He didn’t have much power, because Congress could override his __________.
IV. The New South: reconstruction brought many changes to the South
A. _________________- northerners who came south to take over and create new businesses in the
South.
B. _______________- Southerners who helped the radical republican cause (like working in the
Freemen’s bureau). Most scalawags were ________ southerners looking to get rich or
________________. .
C. Free slaves: many refused to work for their former masters. They were allowed to work for wages
and vote.
Freed slaves voted with the ________________ and became associated with the republican party.
Some ran for political office and won! With the Republicans in control of Congress and the federal
troops in the South, free slaves gained more ______________ than they ever thought imaginable.
V. Old Southerners respond:
A. __________________ – white land owners wouldn’t sell their land, but they would _____ out land.
Former slaves would pay rent by giving land owners one third of their crops. Newly freed slaves could
never make a __________ and lived in _____________________.
B. _______ – A way for whites to negate the rights of former slaves and those who support them
(carpetbaggers and scalawags). Whites gained back their election seats in local, state and federal
elections (Congress did pass the KKK Acts in 1871, but it was too late).
VI. Compromise of 1877
The election of 1876 was a very _____ chapter in our country’s history! The contest was between
Rutherford B. ________( R ) and Samuel ___________ ( D ). It was similar to the 2000 election (the
votes of three states were being questioned by both democrats and republicans). A special commission
of equal numbers of democrats and republicans was created. _______________ agreed to make Hayes
President, but only if he ended __________________(pulled out federal ___________) and assured
democrats he would do everything he could to bring technology and manufacturing to the South.
Did reconstruction save the South and the newly freed slaves?
The South made some progress in becoming more modern, but still even after reconstruction, the South
was mainly ____________________. The culture of southerners didn’t really change either. When
reconstruction ended, all of the _______ made by African Americans __________. Black ______ and
the ______made sure the newly freed slaves would never really enjoy there freedom.
VII. Civil War Leaders During Reconstruction
A. Booker T. Washington: Ulysses S. Grant:
1. Urged Radical Republicans not to be __________ with former Confederates
2. Elected President and served during ________ of Reconstruction
3. Advocated rights for the ________________
4. __________________ retribution directed to the defeated South
B.
1.
2.
3.
Frederick Douglass
Supported full ______________ for African Americans
Advocated for the ________________ of the 14th and 15th Amendments
Encouraged federal government actions to protect the rights of the freedmen in the
_____________
4. Served as ambassador to _________ and in the civil service
C. Robert E. Lee
1. Urged Southerners to _______________ and _____________ the United States
2. Served as President of Washington College (Washington & ___ University today)
3. Emphasized the importance of _________________ to the nation’s future
VIII. Jim Crow: Homer __________ was seven – eighths white. On a Louisiana railway car, he was
asked to move to the _____________ section. Plessy said that was violation of his ___th amendment
rights (_________ protection clause). He sued and the case went all the way to the Supreme Court
(Plessy v. ________________). The court ruled that that he may have been treated separate, but he
was in an __________ facility. Thus the “”_____________________, but equal” or Jim Crow era
began.
IX. Disenfranchisement: losing the right to vote
A. Poll taxes: in order to vote you had to pay a ________.
B. ________________________ test: In order to vote you had to pass a literacy test.
C. _______________________clause: if your grandfather had ever __________ you did not have
to take a literacy test or pay a poll tax
X. Those Who Spoke Out
A. Booker T. Washington: A native of Virginia and a graduate of ____________ University. He
believed the way to equality was through ___________________ education and economic
success; he _______________ social separation. He was a founder of _________________
University.
B. W. E. B. DuBois: He believed that education was meaningless without _________________. To
gain that equality he urged African Americans to obtain _________________________ degrees.
He supported political equality for African Americans by helping to form the National
Association for the _______________________ of Colored People (NAACP).
C. Ida __________: Fought against ______________________.
Closure
1. After the Civil War, the rebuilding of the south economically and psychologically is
known as _____________________________.
2. They wanted to make the south pay and instituted a harsher reconstruction plan?
___________________________________
3. What ended slavery? ____________________________
4. What gave male slaves the right to vote? _____________________________
5. How many districts was the south broken up into? ______
6. What made freed slaves citizens and gave the (theoretically) equal protection?
___________________________________
7. Many of the newly freed slaves had no other choice but to become
___________________ and lived in poverty for generations.
8. What Supreme Court case validated separate, but equal laws?
________________________________________
9. What was the purpose of the poll taxes and literacy tests?
________________________________________
10. Would you have been a follower of Booker T Washington or WEB DuBois? Why?
________________________________________________________________________
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