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Ms. Pedroso
Circulatory System Review
Review all your lecture notes; you need to prepare for this Quest. Below are some
sample questions you may use to test your knowledge. Answer the questions on separate
sheets of paper.
1. What is a normal blood pressure for an adult?
120/80 mmHg
2. What is the blood pressure average for young adults (16-25 years old) during
exercise? 135-170/90-100
3. What events occur during systole and diastole?
The left ventricle contracts exerting pressure on the Aorta wall (systolic pressure).
The right ventricles when filling up with blood will cause the arteries to have minimal
volume in them [note: veins take blood to the heart and arteries take blood away from
the heart]. The force exerted on the walls will decrease causing the lower pressure
reading (diastolic pressure).
4. What is blood pressure? It is the pressure caused by the blood circulation exerting
force on the walls of the blood vessels.
5. Trace the path of blood as it enters the left atrium. (Do not include the valves)
L.A.
L.V.
AORTA
BODY
SVC
IVC
Right
Atrium
R.V.
P. VEIN
LUNGS
P. ARTERY
Ms. Pedroso
6. Name the largest Artery and Vein in your body.
Largest artery: AORTA
Largest Vein: Inferior Vena Cava
7. What is the MAJOR cycle of blood flow? (Pulmonary, cardiac or systemic?)
Cardiac Circulation
8. a.) List the 4 blood types: A, B, AB and O
b) What determines a person’s blood type?
Protein markers: Antigens (agglutinogens), Antibodies and Rh factor
c) What blood type is the universal recipient? Why?
AB+ blood type. The AB+ blood contains the Rh factor and so it could receive
the Rh- from the AB- blood type. The opposite would cause agglutination.
d) What blood type is the universal donor? Why?
O- blood type. It lacks the agglutinogens protein and the Rh factor. No
agglutination will occur when mixing with other blood types.
e.) Describe what would happen if a person with type A blood received a
transfusion from a person with type AB blood. Include the antigens
(agglutinogens) and antibody types.
Type A blood type consist of A antigens and B antibodies. The AB blood type
consists of Both A and B antigens and NO antibodies. The B antibodies from
Type A blood would attack the antigen B on the cell membrane for the AB blood
type. Therefore, the cells would lyse and agglutination would be formed.
Ms. Pedroso
9. Be able to label all the parts of the heart. (Word bank will be provided)
.
10. Describe 5 substances dissolved in blood
O2, CO2, waste (uric acid), nutrients and hormones
11. Name the different parts of blood.
Plasma, platelets + WBC and RBC
12. Describe the role of the following: platelets, red blood cells, and white blood
cells.
Platelets: Clot the blood
RBC: transport oxygen
WBC: Fight off pathogens (viruses, bacteria, protists, fungi)
13. Describe what is responsible for creating the ‘lubb’ / ‘dubb’ sounds of the heart.
Lubb sound: AV valves open as atria contract and ventricles fill up with blood
Dubb sound: AV valves close, ventricles contract and the semilunar valves open
Ms. Pedroso
14. List and describe the function of the three types of vessels that carry blood.
Arteries: thicker walls, elastic, carry high blood pressure; carry O2 blood away from
the heart. Veins: Thinner walls, compliant, carry low blood pressure, Carry deox
blood to the heart. Capillaries: link the 2 blood vessels above. No pressure found
and has miniscule vessels; site for gas exchange.
15. Arteries usually carry Oxygenated blood and Veins carry deoxygenated blood. What
are the exceptions? For the exceptions, what definition would place these in the right
category for veins and arteries? (Hint: blood carried to and from the heart). Pulmony
artery and pulmonary vein are the exception. Although P. artery carry deox blood
and P.vein carry O2 blood, the P. artery carry the blood away from the heart to the
lungs and P. vein carry the blood from the lungs to the heart.
16. What is an ECG, P wave, QRS complex, and T wave? Describe them by using
contraction/relaxation, depolarization/ repolarization definitions.
ECG: Electrocardiograph that measures the electrical impulses sent by the SA node
and the AV nodes.
P wave: Atrial depolorization/ contraction. The loss of electrical charge after
contraction has taken place.
QRS Complex: Ventricular depolorization/contraction. The loss of electrical charge
after contraction has taken place.
T wave: Atrial and ventricular repolarization/relaxation. The gain of electrical charge
during relaxation of the chambers.
Ms. Pedroso
17. Briefly draw the ECGs for Normal, Tachycardia and Fibrillation of the heart.
Describe the differences for the abnormal ECGs.
NORMAL: All waves are normal and show normal depo/repolarization.
TACHYCARDIA: Ventricles contract at full force without allowing the 4
chambers to be filled with blood first. If the person has a blood clot this can be
fatal.
FIBRILLATION: No sign of relaxation or contraction at it optimal capacity. The
heart will shake/fibrillate and not enough blood supply will enter the tissues. If the
event last too long the person will die for the lack of oxygen and nutrient exchange.
18. Describe the blood clotting chain of events. How is the protein Fibrin produced?
Platelets at the site of infection will release chemicals that will trigger production of
thromboplastin; in presence of Ca2+, thromboplastin will produce thrombin;
thrombin will then react with fibrinogen to produce fibrin (what clots the blood).
Ms. Pedroso
19. Describe the HR and the O2 relationship during exercise for fit and unfit
individuals. What type of exercise/sport are they performing? Refer to the graph to
answer your question.
20. Looking at the graph above, what do you think a Cardiologist’s advice would be
for the unfit individual? What would be the necessary test to be done before this
person continues their daily exercises? What would be their ECG compared to
the fit individual?
Cardiologist advice: Start off the exercise routine at a slower pace and increase
intensity as time goes on. Eat healthy, and take supplements.
Test name: Electrocardiogram + blood test
ECG for unfit indiv:
ECG for fit indiv:
Ms. Pedroso
FACTS:
Creatine is an organic acid that helps increase the formation of ATP (adenosine
Triphosphate).
Proteins are broken down as muscles contract at full force and needs to be
replenished so cells can continue their regular metabolic processes.
Iron binds to oxygen gas inside the Hemoglobin molecule to carry Oxygen gas
throughout the body.
21. After reading the facts above, please indicate what supplements and when the
supplements should be taken for both individuals as they continue with their workout
routines.
Supplement before exercise/explain: Creatine and iron
Supplement after exercise/explain: protein