Download House Medici - Matt Lang`s Educational Technology Experience

Matthew Lang
Dr. Michael Levin, Professor
The Italian Renaissance
Coat of Arms of House Medici
1

Early Modern
Timeline
◦ As it applies to House
Medici






Wealth and
Influence
Political Extent
Political Extent
con’t
Cosimo de’ Medici
Lorenzo de’ Medici
Interregnum or
Interregna









Lorenzo II de’
Medici
Michelangelo
Medici Patronage
Leo X
Clement VII
Pius IV & Leo XI
Catherine de’
Medici
Marie de’ Medici
Works Cited
2
Founding of
Medici Bank
& Ciompi
Revolt: 1378
Black
Plague:
1348
Lorenzo II
de’ Medici:
Pazzi
Conspiracy: 1492-1519
1478
Lorenzo
de’ Medici:
1449-1492
1300
Cosimo I
de’ Medici:
1519-1574
Alessandro de’ Medici
(1st Duke of Florence):
1510-1537
Election of
Clement VII:
1523
Sack of
Rome:
1527
Duchy of
Florence &
Publication of
The Prince: 1532
Marie
de’ Medici:
1573-1642
95 Theses:
1517
Giovanni di
Bicci de’
Medici:
1360-1429
Platonic
Academy:
1462
Cosimo
de’ Medici:
1389-1464
Exsurge
Domine:
1520
2nd
Interregnum:
1494-1512
Michelangelo
Buonarroti:
1475-1564
Catherine
de’ Medici:
1519-1589
Election
of Leo X:
1513
Election of
Pius IV: 1559
Election &
Death of
Leo XI:
1605
Grand Duchy
of Tuscany
(Cosimo I de’
Medici):
1569
1750
Gian Gastone
de' Medici
(The Last Medici):
1671-1737
3

Banking

◦ Giovanni di Bicci de’ Medici
 Founder of Medici Bank
◦ Florin
 Standard unit of currency
◦ Innovative accounting
methodology
◦ Results in huge
sums of Medici
wealth
1500-Giovanni di Bicci de’ Medici
Textile Economy
◦ Florentine business
◦ Facilitation into
European market
◦ Utilization of the River
Arno for dying purposes
◦ Ciompi Revolt (1378)
 Ultimately unsuccessful
 Theoretically in response to
Black Plague and working
conditions of Florence
4


Alessandro de’
Medici: First Duke of
Florence
between 1511 &
1537
De facto citizen leaders and patrons
of the arts
◦ Members of the Priori (Ruling body)
◦ Signori of Florentine Republic
Control through—
◦ Banking
◦ Economics
◦ Education
 Florentine Humanism
 Platonic Academy (1462)
◦ Nepotism
◦ Governmental domination
◦ “Investment”
 Marriage and Religion
5


Use of power to beautify
Florence and created the
modern image of a center of
the Renaissance
Culminating in creation of
Duchy of Florence(Alessandro
de’ Medici in 1532) and
Grand Duchy of Tuscany
(Cosimo I de’ Medici in 1569)
◦ Among other titles (i.e. Duchy of
Urbino, Penne, Nemours, Sieva,
Rover)
Cosimo I de’
Medici circa 1538
6

“il Vecchio”
◦ the Elder (not to be confused
with Cosimo I de’ Medici)


Father of House Medici
Prominent banker and
“night time” political activist
◦ Expansion of Medici bank into
European market

Cosimo de’ Medici by Bronizno
Began framework to install
Medici dominance
(oligarchy) in Florentine
Republic
7




“il Magnifico”
◦ -the Magnificent
Pazzi Conspiracy (1478)
◦ Attempt to assassinate Lorenzo and his
brother (Giuliano de’ Medici)
 Failed attempt on Lorenzo, successful
on Giuliano
 Modern understanding of vendettas
Capable politician and patron of the arts
◦ (ex. Michelangelo, Raphael, da Vinci)
 Somewhat unsuccessful in banking
(i.e. the beginnings of the decline of
the Medici monopoly on banking)
Often compared to weak son (i.e. Piero II
de’ Medici)
"Lorenzo the Magnificent“ by
Agnolo Bronzino
8



Piero II de’ Medici
Expulsion of House Medici
from Florence from 14941512
A LOOK AHEAD: Medici
return in 1512 as a
precursor to The Prince
(Niccolo Machiavelli)
◦ Dedication to
Lorenzo II de’
Medici, Duke of
Urbino

Two others
◦ 1433-34
 Affected Cosimo (the Elder)
de’ Medici during his
ascension
◦ 1527-1530
 Florence becomes a
Republic free of House
Medici subsequent to the
1527 Sack of Rome
 Affected Alessandro de’
Medici, first hereditary
Duke of Florence
Niccolo Machiavelli
second half of
16th c.
9

Family nepotism

Signori of Florence
◦ Created Duke of Urbino by
Pope Leo X (1516)
◦ 1514-1519


Return of the Medici to
Florence after 1494-1512
Interregnum
Famously tortured Niccolo
Machiavelli
◦ Dedication of The Prince
Lorenzo II de’
Medici: 1516-1519
10



Under Medici graces as a
child
Given best humanist
education by Lorenzo de’
Medici
Pre-eminent artistry◦ Designed Medici Chapel/Tombs
 Various other projects for Florence

◦ Sistine Chapel, Statue of
David
Beautification of Florence
Michelangelo Buonarroti
11
Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore-Florentine Duomo
Arnolfo di Cambio and Filippo Brunelleschi
Medici Chapel, New Sacristy,
Florence Italy-Michelangelo
Cappella dei MagiBenozzo Gozoli
12





Portrait of Pope Leo X and his
cousins, cardinals Giulio de’
Medici and Luigi de Rossi
Giovanni di Lorenzo de’ Medici
First Medici pope
◦ “…let us enjoy it…”
Use of indulgences for construction
of St. Peter’s Basilica
Reigned concurrent with the
beginnings of the Protestant
Reformation (i.e. 1517: Martin
Luther’s95 Theses)
◦ Exsurge Domine (1520)
Famous for nepotistic behavior
◦ Ex. Lorenzo II de’ Medici, Duke of
Urbino/Giulio di Giuliano de’
Medici, Pope Clement VII
13




Giulio di Giuliano de’ Medici
Sack of Rome (1527)
◦ Hostage of Charles V, Holy Roman
Emperor/King of Spain
Political pope—
◦ Creation of Duchy of Florence in
favor of House Medici (i.e.
Alessandro de’ Medici)
◦ Strategic alliance making
 i.e. Catherine de’ Medici to
Henry II
◦ Political game between graces of
Holy Roman Emperor/King of
Spain (Charles V) and French King
(Francis I & League of Cognac)
Patronized Raphael and Michelangelo
Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici, Pope
Clement VII (1523-34)
14
Giovanni Angelo Medici
(1499-1565) Painting by
Bartolomeo Passarotti
Pope Leo XI
15






Catherine de' Medici wears
the black cap and veil of
widow, after 1559
Daughter of Lorenzo II de’
Medici, Duke of Urbino
Consort Queen of France (Henry
II)
Regent Queen of France
(sporadic: Francis II & Charles IX)
St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
(1572)
French Religious Wars
◦ French crown passes from
House Valois to House Bourbon
after her male children die
Example of Medici “investment”
◦ Married to French king in
power play by Pope Clement VII
16




Daughter of Francesco I de’
Medici, Grand Duke of
Tuscany
Consort Queen of France
(Henry IV)
Regent Queen of France
(Louis XIII)
Political ambitions
◦ In competition with Secretary of
State: Cardinal-Duke Richelieu

Example of Medici
“investment”
Maria de' Medici as a young girl
17
Works Cited/Q & A







Gage, John. Life in Italy at the Time of the Medici. London: Batsford, 1968.
Goldthwaite, A. Richard. The Medici Bank and the World of Florentine Capitalism.
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987; Past & Present Society.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/650959 .
Hibbert, Christopher. The House of Medici: Its Rise and Fall. New York: Morrow Quill
Paperbacks, 1980.
Jurdjevic, Mark. Civic Humanism and the Rise of the Medici. Chicago: The University of
Chicago Press, 1999; Renaissance Quarterly, Renaissance Society of America vol.
52. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2901833 .
Luchinat, Cristina, Suzanne Butters, Claudio Pizzorusso, Anna Testaverde, Marco
Chiarini, Janet Cox-Rearick, Alan Darr, Larry Feinberg, Annamaria Giusti, Richard
Goldthwaite, Lucia Meoni, and Kirsten Piacenti. The Medici, Michelangelo, & the
Art of Late Renaissance Florence. New Haven: Yale University Press in Association
with the Detroit Institute of Arts, 2002.
Martines, Lauro. April Blood: Florence and the Plot Against the Medici. Oxford
University Press, 2003.
Strathern, Paul. The Medici: Godfathers of the Renaissance. London: Jonathan Cape,
2003.
18