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Ch. 18 Viruses and Bacteria Name: 18.1 What is a Virus? 1. Virus– 2. Host Cell – A. Viral Structure 1. A virus has an inner core of ________________________ 2. Capsid – B. Attachment to a host cell 1. Before a virus can replicate, it must __________________ to a host cell 2. Viral shapes: 1. Polyhedral virus (warts) 2. Tobacco mosaic virus 3. AIDS virus 4. Bacteriophage (T4) – virus that infects a bacterium ( E. coli) C. Attachment is a specific process 1. Each virus has a specifically shaped attachment protein and can only attach to _______________________________________l. Ex: T4 phage and E. coli D. Viral Replication Cycles 1. . Lytic cycle – 2. Lysogenic cycle – Lysogenic Cycle Lytic Cycle 3. Provirus a. Diseases: Herpes simplex I – cold sores, Herpes simplex II – genital herpes, Hepatitis B, Chicken pox E. Retroviruses – 1. Reverse transcriptase – G. HIV: An infection of white blood cells – an infected individual may not notice symptoms because the provirus _________________________________, allow them to still function. H. Viruses and Cancer – Ex: hepatitis B and liver cells I. Plant Viruses – spread by cutting with infected tool. Ex: Tobacco mosaic virus 18.2. Kingdoms Archaebacteria and Eubacteria A. Diversity of Prokaryotes 1. ___________________ - live in extreme environments a. Methane producing bacteria live in _____________ ______________________________________________________ b. Salt-loving bacteria live in the some __________ ___________________ c. ________________________________________________________ live in deep ocean vents where water is above 100o C 2. ___________________: the heterotrophs are decomposers and parasites 3. ___________________ bacteria contain chlorophyll and live in ponds and streams. Ex: Cyanobacteria 4. ___________________ ___________________ - break down and release the energy of inorganic compound containing S and N B. What is a Bacterium? – unicellular, prokaryote 1. Shapes: a). b). c). 2. Patterns: a). c). c). 3. Reproduction: Binary fission a). ___________________ ___________________ – a process of cell division in which 1 bacteria splits into two identical copies. (reproduces exponentially up to 1 every 20 minutues) b). ___________________ – a form of sexual reproduction in which genetic information is exchanged via pili (p 506) . C. Adaptations in bacteria 1. ___________________ _________________ – require oxygen for respiration 2. ___________________ _________________ – are killed in oxygen Ex: botulism D. Survival 1. ___________________ – tough coat containing genetic information that resists harsh environments a). Ex: ___________________ spores can contaminate food by producing deadly “toxins” E. The Importance of Bacteria 1. ___________________ ___________________ – part of the Nitrogen cycle that converts N2 to ammonia NH3 2. Foods and medicines a). ___________________ – cheese, pickles, vinegar … b). ___________________ – Insulin, HGH, penicillin (mold) 3. ___________________ – a possibly deadly poison