Download Final exam review sheet

Final exam review sheet
To prepare for the exam, be certain that you are familiar with the following terms from the lectures and
readings. You should know the definition of each term, and understand how each relates to other terms.
For practice questions, please see the text’s companion website, linked on the course website.
It is strongly recommended that you review the past tests from earlier in the quarter. Go over
what you got wrong and why – make sure you know why the correct answer is correct. Also go
over your correct answers and make sure that you remember why the answer is correct. This is
one of the best preparation steps that you can take for the cumulative final.
Behavior
Mental processes
Evolutionary theory
History and perspectives of psychology (experimental, behaviorism/learning, humanistic, cognitive,
psychodynamic, biological, Sociocultural)
Major contributors to each of the above
Scientific attitude
Critical thinking
Scientific method (five steps)
Types of psychological research
Biological psychology
Plasticity
Neuronal structure
Within-neuron communication
Between-neuron communication
Neurotransmitters
Central nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
Divisions of the brain (telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, myelencephalon)
Cerebral cortex lobes (names and functions)
Corpus callosum
Limbic system (structures and functions)
Broca’s area & Wernicke’s area
Lateralization of function (left and right hemispheres)
Conception
Zygote, embryo, fetus
Prenatal & newborn behaviors
Genetic and environrmental influences on prenatal development
Puberty (onset, characteristic development and events)
Piaget’s theory, stages & characteristics
Adolescent thought patterns
Moral development
Identity formation
Attachment (criteria, styles)
Parenting styles and outcomes
Emerging adulthood
Sensation
Perception
Bottom-up processing
Top-down processing (influences)
Vision, hearing, touch, taste, smell, kinesthesis & vestibular sense (External stimuli, sensory organ
anatomy, associated brain regions)
Absolute threshold & difference threshold
Subliminal sensations
Sensory adaptation
Perceptual organization
Form perception
Grouping principles
Depth perception
Perceptual constancy
Perceptual set
Conscious awareness
Selective attention
Inattentional & change blindness
Biological rhythms & sleep stages
REM & nonREM sleep (characteristics, reasons for each)
Sleep disorders
Dreams (content, theories on why we dream)
Psychoactive drugs
Dependence, tolerance & withdrawal
Associative learning
Pavlov, Watson
Classical conditioning terms and principles
Thorndike, Skinner
Law of Effect
Skinner box
Operant conditioning terms and principles
Reinforcement schedules
Shaping
Acquisition, extinction, generalization, discrimination
Biological predispositions and learning
Taste aversion
Bandura
Observational learning
Mirror neurons
Memory
Ebbinghaus
Nondeclarative & declarative memory
Automatic and effortful encoding
Sensory, working and long-term memory
Long-term potentiation
Flashbulb memories
Brain structures involved in memory
Retrieval cues
Forgetting
Anterograde and retrograde amnesia
Assimilation & accommodation
Misinformation effect
Imagination effect
Eyewitness recall
Language
Structure of language
Theories on learning language
Sign language
Animal communication & language
Intelligence as a cultural construct
Gardner’s 8 intelligences
Sternberg’s triarchic theory
Emotional intelligence
IQ testing (early and common tests)
Aptitude and achievement tests
Reliability, validity, standardization
Environmental and genetic influences on intelligence
Personality
Psychoanalytic perspective
Freud
Conscious, preconscious, unconscious
Structure of personality (id, ego, superego)
Psychosexual stages of development
Ego defense mechanisms
Free association
Dream analysis (latent vs. manifest content)
Major contributions of: Jung, Adler, Horney
Erikson’s theory/stages of psychosocial development
Humanistic perspective
Contributions of Maslow & Rogers
Big 5 personality factors
Epigenetic theory
Social-cognitive perspective
Bandura
Reciprocal determinism
Locus of control
Learned helplessness
Attribution (explanation) style
Social Psychology
Conformity and obedience
Social norms
Asch
Milgram
Group effects on individual behavior
Group effects on group behavior
Individual effects on group behavior
Prejudice (social & cognitive roots)
Attraction
Attribution theory
Self-serving bias
Zimbardo
Influence of actions on attitudes
Cognitive dissonance
History of mental illness – explanations and treatments
DSM
Criteria for a psychological disorder
Anxiety disorders – definition, characteristics and treatments for each
Mood disorders – definition, characteristics and treatments for each
Personality disorders – definition, characteristics and treatments for each
Schizophrenia – symptoms, categories, possible causes, treatments