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Chapter 14: WWI
Directions:
 View and take notes on WWII based on the Interactive website provided
 On the left take notes about what you read, see and hear under each topic heading. Feel
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free to add space in each section as needed.
The right side is for you to add comments, links, and questions (your thoughts about WWII
and how the website impacted prior knowledge on the subject.
A separate writing piece will be required
North America:
Pearl Harbor:
Dec.8, Japanese planes launched a
surprised attack on Pearl Harbor where
many naval fleets were located.
Nearly 2,400 Americans servicemen died
along with 200 aircrafts.
It was the trigger for US intervention in
WWII.
The Japanese planned to suppress the US
military power by destroying a majority of
it navy.
Manhattan Project:
A secret program to develop the world
first atomic bomb.
The project was worked on by the most
brilliant scientists in America.
Workers lived in atomic cities; keep them
isolated from the public.
The cost of producing and assembling the
atomic bombs (2) cost hundreds of
millions of dollar.
Lend-Lease Act:
1941, Congress passed an act that would
allow the US to aid the Allies and be able
to maintain neutrality.
Britain could no longer afford the cashand-carry payments.
US aid the Allies in the form of tanks,
planes, ammunitions, and construction
supplies along with rations and clothing.
A majority of the lend-lease act aid went
to the UK and USSR.
Japanese Americans:
Pearl Harbor was the turning point in World War
II because it led to the intervention of the US.
What if the Japanese never attacked Pearl
Harbor, and then would WWII lasted much
longer?
The government wanted the project to be a
secret because they know the public would
object the idea of creating a weapon of mass
destruction.
The Uranium at that time cost at least $70 million
and is costing more than $100 million today.
The US wanted to help UK the most because they
have a strong tie with that nation, so when UK is
in trouble the US would not hesitate to help.
Following the attack on Pearl Harbor,
Japanese Americans were discriminated
and feared by the public.
Feb. 1942, President Roosevelt signed an
order to relocate all Japanese Americans
to the West.
Over 120,000 people were forced to leave
their home and live in internment camps.
Each internment camp held from 70,000
to 100,000 people.
The people created their own little society
in the camp; school, entertainment.
Women in WWII:
During the war, women had more job
opportunities since many men were
drafted.
1940-1945, the women workforce rose
from 27% to 37%.
350,000 women served the US Armed
Force.
“Rosie the Riveter” became a patriotic
symbol for women across the US to help
support the war.
G. I. Bill:
A bill passed by Congress which provided
returning veterans with financial
assistance for education, low cost loans,
and improvement in care.
Provided unemployment benefits for
veterans; $20 a week for 52 weeks.
Increased the number of graduates from
US colleges and universities.
Most of the money in the bill went to
education.
The Draft:
1940, Congress passed the Selective
Training and Service Act.
Required all men between the ages of 24
and 36 to register for the military.
If selected, they would have to serve for
only 1 year; 900,000 men in each training.
Over 10 million had been drafted and
made up 66% of the US Armed Forces.
Majority of the men who joined the army
were African Americans.
The U-Boat Peril:
It is interesting how during the time of war that
there was an external enemy (the Axis) and an
internal enemy (Japanese Americans), which are
factors that contribute to the rise of totalitarian.
The men who were drafted left holes in the
workforce, and gave women a chance to fill up
the holes; women were able to get high paying
jobs.
This bill was the not the first attempt the
government had made to provide aid to the
public and the people that are having a hard time
to sustain their daily life.
A draft is issue because the army is lacking in
number, so more people are needed to fill up the
missing spaces.
Germany launched a series of U-boat
raids along the East Coast of the US.
Many Allies ships were sunk (400) and as
many as 2,000 men had died.
Most of the ships sunk by the U-boats
were close to the shoreline of the US.
Few happened far in the ocean.
War Propaganda:
1942, Office of War Information began
coordinating all official propaganda
efforts.
The propaganda included films,
photographs, and advisements (pro-Allied
and anti-Axis messages).
Usually featured racist and ethnic
stereotypes of the enemy.
Rationing:
Roosevelt signed a bill that established
the Office of Price Adjustment to maintain
prices of products (crops) at the right
level.
Government implemented stickers to
make gasoline more affordable to the
people.
Europe and Africa:
D-Day:
Also known as “Operation Overlord”;
Allied invasion of Western Europe (Dec.6,
1944).
Largest assault in history; 5,000 vehicles
along with 150,000 troops landing on a 50
miles stretch of French coast.
The Allies invented a better boat to
transport the troops efficiently to France.
Yalta Conference:
Feb. 1945, leaders of Allied powers
included US, Great Britain, and Soviet
Union met at Yalta, Ukraine.
Decisions made about the future of the
defeated Germany, Poland, and other
liberated countries.
Plant the seeds for the rise of
communism.
Churchill’s plan included dividing
Germany into tree states.
By gaining the support of the people, the
government will have the ability to fight the war
for a longer period and at the same time
maintain stability within society.
Before the US joined WWII, the country was
experiencing the Great Depression so many
people did not have a job and finding food to eat
everyday was difficult.
D-Day was the turning point of the war because it
marked the arrival of American troops which
would give a large boasts to Allies power.
Roosevelt planned to break Germany into several
smaller states because he did not want Germany
to regain it formal power too quickly. Countries
feared for another world war.
Roosevelt’s plan was to divide Germany
into 6 states with two international zones.
The Panzer Tanks:
1926, Germans invented a fast-moving,
armored tank that was used in many
battles.
Panzer IV, were used in campaigns in
Africa.
Battle of Britain:
Aerial battles between Britain and
Germany.
Aug.23-24, German planes accidentally
bombed the outskirts of London and
Britain retaliated by bombings German
cities.
Hitler ordered the bombings of many
British cities; London. (40,000 people
killed)
Hitler abandoned the plan to invade
Britain.
Leningrad Siege:
Longest and most brutal siege in history
where 1 million civilians dead over 872
days.
Also known as St. Petersburg; a strategic
target for Germany.
Millions of people evacuated through the
“Road of Life” which was a river where
rations were brought to the city.
Jews Seek Refuge:
Some 523,000 Jews lived in Germany
(1933).
937 passengers boarded the SS St. Louis
which traveled from Germany to Cuba.
Jews were forced to emigrate to other
countries; mostly the US and UK.
Marshall Plan:
US plan to aid the physically and
economically damaged Europe.
Industry, transportation, and agriculture
had been decimated.
Most of the aid went to UK, Germany,
France, and Netherlands.
Maginot Line:
Provided a solid defense along much of
France eastern border.
The Panzer tanks were one of the many
innovations of the war. Even during World War I,
technological advancement was made such as
the invention of gas mask, chemical weapon, and
x-ray.
During a war, countries are not allowed to bomb
civilian cities, and both Germany and Britain
break that moral rule because they each bombed
one another and had the right to retaliate.
A siege is as the same as bombing a city but last
longer since both method involve taking the life
of innocent civilians.
World War II took more civilian lives than World
War I because there are better technology and
larger military force.
Jews brought along technological advancement,
especially to the US; Einstein was one of the Jews
that emigrated from Germany to the US.
The US felt it is their priority to help Europe
because America’s economy depended on
Europe’ economy in order to prosper.
The lines was the thing that separated France
Some were weak fortifications while other
was strong.
Good to defend France from Germany
invasions.
Nazi Expansion:
Germany invaded other countries in order
to expand Germany territory; Austria,
Czechoslovakia, and Poland.
Led to the start of World War II.
1936 – 1943, Germany captured almost all
countries between France and Soviet
Union.
Asia:
The Atomic Bomb:
Aug. 1945, US forces dropped atomic
bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki killing
more than 100,000 people.
Japan became the first nation to abolish
the use of nuclear weapons.
The atomic bombs eradicated most of the
city, leaving only a few houses and trees
left standing.
Japan’s Expansion:
1930s, Japan increased it sphere of
influence throughout Manchuria, China
and French Indochina.
Japan captured many small islands in the
Pacific, and was seem as a threat to the
US.
The US navy advanced to Japan by using
the method of “island hopping” and did
not recapture any islands that were under
the Japanese control.
Death at Bataan:
Apr.1942, Japanese forces defeated a
combined US and Filipino army in the
Battle of Bataan.
Prisoners of war were forced to walk 60
miles under the hot weather, and only
54,000 out of the 70,000 captured
survived the march.
In the Battle of Bataan, 37.3% of the
troops were American while 79% were
Filipino.
Nanking Massacre:
from Germany and probably one of France last
defense against German invasions.
Hitler did not know how much was enough, so
that led to his downfall.
If Germany never invaded Poland, would World
War II never had started or would had started
much later?
Japan opposed the development of nuclear
weapons because it experienced the horror of it
first hand.
Japan expanded it empire because it knew that it
couldn’t depend on the West anymore and need
natural resources that it can rely on near home;
Indochina.
Philippines at that time was under the control of
the US, after they colonized the country around
World War I.
1937, Imperial Japanese Army forces
brutally murdered hundreds of thousands
of people (soldiers and civilians).
Japanese attempt to weaken China and
hopefully capture the country due to it
rich natural resources.
Around 20,000 to 80,000 women were
sexually assaulted by Japanese soldiers.
The massacre occurred without the
consent of the Japanese government.
Zero to Kamikaze:
1943, when the US invented a better
plane that out-best the Japanese Zero
fighters, the Japanese created a method
called the kamikaze.
Japanese pilots fly their plane of
explosives into the enemy ships;
destroying the plane and the pilot and
hopefully damaging the ship.
The pilots were awarded with honor from
the military before they boarded the
plane.
Iwo Jima:
The Battle of Iwo Jima produced one of
the highest casualty rates of World War II.
Over 27,000 American troops were killed
during the battle.
The famous icon of American plunging the
flag into the ground raised more than $20
million.
Leyte Gulf:
The largest naval battle in history; control
of the Philippine Islands in the South
Pacific. Between the US and Japan.
It crippled the Japanese naval force and
prevented Japan from resisting the
advances of the Americans.
Flawed decision made by both sides,
especially the Japanese, resulted in the
victory of the US.
USS Enterprise:
The most decorated US naval ship of
World War II.
Participated in more battles than any
other American ships.
The “Big E” traveled from Pearl Harbor to
Even to this day, the Japanese government refuse
to recognize the Nanking Massacre and want the
Japanese people to believe that it had never
happened.
The Kamikaze was developed because Japan
lacked experienced pilot and only had pilots that
had barely to any experiences.
Iwo Jima was the last battle between the US and
Japan and was the closest to Japan homeland.
Japan had a great military force near the start of
WWII, but lost numbers and powers as the war
progressed.
More people died in battles on land than on the
sea.
The USS Enterprise was the most decorated ship
not because of it design and structure, but the
crews that command it onboard.
Santa Cruz and won many naval battles
against the Japanese navy.
Flying Tigers:
1941, US responded to the appeals from
China Nationalist government by aiding
them in their fight against the Japanese.
Creation of the American Volunteer
Group which consisted of small elite
group of pilots led by a US Army captain
and was known as the Flying Tigers.
The US had an abundance of skilled pilot while
Japan lacked the number.
US helped China because they wanted to develop
a close relationship with them.