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Athens or Sparta: Where Would You Like to Live? Factor Population Government & Political Organizations Social Structure Allies Military Strength Life Style and Values Education Athens Approximately 140,000 inhabitants. About 40,000 men were citizens, 40,000 slaves. By 423 BC Athens had become the most populous city-state in Hellas. Usually classified as a “direct democracy” (all citizens attended the Assembly). Athens claims to be the “birthplace of democracy”. Elected officials including 10 generals (strategos), magistrates (archons), and others. Council of 500 were charged with administering decisions made by the Assembly. The Assembly, made up of all eligible citizens. The Assembly passed laws and made policy decisions. Women did not participate politically. Freemen were all male citizens divided into classes: Aristocracy, middle ranks (small farmers), lowest ranks (craftsmen and triremes rowers). Metics were outsiders who could not own land by run businesses/industries. Slaves were the lowest class with no rights. Women had no rights. Delian League, with Athens clearly the most powerful. Athens taxed and protected other city-states. Strong Navy. Democratic values for citizens. Believed in participation in government as a civic responsibility. Believed in cultural superiority to other city-states. Schools taught reading, writing, mathematics, music, poetry, sports, and gymnastics. Girls received little formal education with domestic skills being emphasized. Sparta Approximately 8,000 Spartiates (adult male citizens) ruled over a population of 100,000 enslaved and semi-enslaved people. Usually classified as an “oligarchy” (rule by a few), but it had elements of monarchy (king), democracy (election of council/senators), and aristocracy (rule by the upper class or land owning class). Two kings were generals in command of the armies and with some religious duties. Five overseers (ephors) elected annually ran the day-to-day operations of Sparta. They could veto rulings made by the council or assembly. Council or Senate, who acted as judges and proposed laws to the citizen’s assembly. The Assembly of all Spartan males could support or veto the council’s recommendations by shouting out their votes. Women did not participate politically. Three Classes made up of Spartiates (military professionals who owned land and could vote), Perioeci (“neighbor/outsiders” who were freemen, merchants, etc, including foreigners), Helots were slaves with no rights. Women had few rights, but more independence than elsewhere in Greece. Peloponnesian League, with Sparta clearly the most powerful. Strong Army, best and most feared fighters on land. Militaristic values. Children raised to be “Spartan” with few possessions. No ownership of gold and silver. Spartan mother’s saying… “Either come back with your shield or on it”. Boys taken from parents at age seven and trained in the art of warfare. Survival skills with minimum support. Educated in choral dance, reading and writing. Athletics and military training were emphasized. Girls were educated in reading and writing, gymnastics, athletics and survival skills. Could participate in sports. Treated more as equals Role of Women Athenian women and girls were kept at home with no participation in sports or politics. Wives were considered to be property of their husbands. They were responsible for spinning, weaving and other domestic arts. Some women held high positions in the ritual events and religious life of Athens. Cultural Achievements Art, architecture, drama and literature, philosophy, science, medicine, etc. Government (democracy, trial by jury, etc.) Athenians enjoyed luxuries and foods from all over their empire. Wealthy Athenians homes were quite nice with an inner courtyard. Food and Housing Girls were educated in reading and writing and could participate in sports. They were treated more as equals to men. The goal was to produce women who would produce strong, healthy babies. At age 18 she would be assigned a husband and return home. Citizen women were free to move around and enjoyed a great deal of freedom. Domestic arts were handled by other classes. Women were expected to oversee her husband’s property in times of war. Military supremacy and simple lifestyle (the Spartan Life). One of the first attempts as forming a utopia or idea community. Spartan Broth that consisted of pork, blood, salt and vinegar. Spartans were trained to dislike luxuries and fancy foods. The men lived most of their lives in military barracks. Name ___________________________________ Period ____ Which Do You Pick… Athens or Sparta? Using the information on the Athens/Sparta chart, answer the following questions in at least one paragraph/complete sentence responses… 1. If you were a full citizen in one of the two societies, which would you chose to belong to? Give three reasons why. 2. If you knew nothing about the historical outcome of the two described societies, based on the information alone which would you predict would be the longer-lasting, or most historically significant (most long lasting influences or results)? Give at least two specific reasons why. 3. Which society do you believe treated women more fairly? Support your answer with at least two reasons. 4. Describe what you think is the single major cultural/historical accomplishment of Sparta and Athens, and explain why. Remember, both are remembered for almost entirely different reasons.