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Eric Krauss
Stephen Benkert
Chase Beyersdorf
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Introduction
Objectives/ Goals
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Hand Out Quiz
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Consists of the two kidneys, ureters,
the bladder, and the urethra.
Each kidney consists of millions of functional
units called nephrons
It eliminates wastes from the body, regulates
blood volume and pressure, controls levels of
electrolytes and metabolites, and regulates
blood pH.
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The kidneys have blood supply through the renal arteries
which leave the kidneys through the renal vein.
Following filtration of blood, wastes exit the kidney
through the ureters, tubes made of smooth muscle fibers
that push urine towards the urinary bladder, where it is
stored and expelled from the body by urination.
Urine is formed in the kidneys through a filtration of
blood.
The urine is then passed through the ureters to the
bladder.
During urination the urine is passed from the bladder
through the urethra to the outside of the body.
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Removal of waste product from the body
Regulation of electrolyte balance examples
include sodium, potassium and calcium
Regulation acid-base homeostasis
Controlling blood volume and
maintaining blood pressure
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Average urine production in adult humans is
about 1 – 2 L per day, depending on state of
hydration, activity level, environmental
factors, weight, and the individual's health.
The first step in urine formation is the
filtration of blood in the kidneys.
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The basic structural and functional unit of the
kidney is the nephron.
The main function is to regulate
the concentration of water and soluble
substances by filtering the blood, reabsorbing
what is needed and excreting the rest as urine.
In the first part of the nephron, the renal
corpuscle blood is being filtrated from
the circulatory system into the nephron.
A pressure difference between forces the filtrate
from the blood across the filtration membrane.
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The filtrate includes water, small molecules and
ions that easily pass through the filtration
membrane.
Larger molecules such as proteins and blood
cells are prevented from passing through the
filtration membrane.
The amount of filtrate produced every minute is
called the glomerular filtration rate and amounts
to 180 liters per day.
About 99% of this filtrate is then reabsorbed
when it passes through the nephron and the
remaining 1% becomes urine.
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Urine moves from the nephrons collecting
duct system to the minor calyx and then
the major calyx before entering the renal
pelvis, a funnel-like dilated proximal part of
the ureter within the kidney.
The major function of the renal pelvis is to act
as a funnel for urine flowing to the ureter.
The urine flows through the ureters to the
bladder, where it is stored
until urination takes place.
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The urinary system is regulated by
the endocrine system by hormones
The urinary system is under influence of the
blood pressure, nervous
system and endocrine system.
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Urination is the ejection of urine from
the urinary bladder through the urethra to
the outside of the body.
the process of urination is under voluntary
control.
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Producing too much or too little urine needs
medical attention.
Polyuria is a condition of excessive
production of urine
Urologic disease can involve congenital or
acquired dysfunction of the urinary system.
Diabetes also can have a direct effect
in urination due to peripheral neuropathies
which occur in some individuals with poorly
controlled diabetes.
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"National Kidney and Urologic
DiseasesInformation Clearinghouse
(NKUDIC)." The Urinary Tract and How It
Works Page. U.S. Department of Health And
Human Services, n.d. Web. 11 Mar. 2014.
Taylor, Tim. "Urinary System." InnerBody.
Howtomedia.inc, n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2014
"Anatomy of the Urinary System." Anatomy
of the Urinary System. Stanford Children
Health, n.d. Web. 12 Mar. 2014.