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Name: _______________ Geology 12 Date submitted: ______________________ TO type under the question, put the cursor at the end of the line above, and hit shift/enter. NOW, delete this instruction. Geology: Theory, Law, Time and Early Geological Thought. 1. What does “Geology” mean? __________________________________________________________ 2. Geology is divided into two major types or kinds, based on what the geologists study. Which are they? Name and briefly describe the two types. _____________________________________________________________________________________ and _____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. How do geologists treat the theory of Plate Tectonics? ______________________________________ 4. What is the difference between a theory and a law? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Plate tectonics is called the “unifying theory” of geology. What other theory is central to geology? _____________________________________________________________________________________ 6. What is paleontology? ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 7. How is paleontology connected to the ‘theory’ of evolution? _________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Why is the connection between the theory of evolution and paleontology referred to as controversial? _________________________________________________________________________ 9. Which great scientist and author is being shown as half-man, half monkey in the slide discussed above? _______________________________________________________________________________ 10. In the 1600’s, the Bible was used to determine the age of the Earth by Bishop Ussher. This resulted in some scientists believing the Earth was much younger than it is. They thought rapid events had shaped the Earth. This was called ___________________________. 11. Other scientist realized that the processes taking place ‘today’, also took place throughout the past over a great deal of time. “The present is the key to the past.” This is _____________________________ 12. Rapid events HAVE shaped the Earth, but they are rare. Name one type of rapid event, such as the one that speeded the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 Million years ago. ___________________________ Geologic Time: Relative and Absolute Measures 1. How does relative dating arrange geologic time? Relative Dating puts geologic events in order from ________________________ to the __________________________ 2. Three laws and one Principle help geologist date events or rocks and landforms in a relative way? Name and briefly define them. Law Law Principle Law Absolute Dating 3. The actual age of rocks of some types can be determined by measuring radioactive decay of certain elements. This is called ____________________ dating. 4. Geologic time is divided into different Eons, Eras Periods and Epochs. What is the TOTAL span of time that Geologic time covers? 5. Which of the types of divisions above cover the LONGEST spans of time? 6. All of the divisions are not of equal length in comparison to each other. What criteria is used to divide them? 7. One Eon covers the greatest amount of time in the history of Earth and is divided into 3 Sub-eons. Name the Eon and the 3 sub-eons in order from oldest to youngest.