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Terms for World Religions (the “isms”) Monotheism: The word monotheism comes from the Greek monos, which means one, and theos, which means god. Thus, monotheism is a belief in the existence of a single god. Polytheism: The belief in, and consequent worship of, many gods Agnostic/Agnosticism: Agnosticism is the position of believing that knowledge of the existence or non-existence of god is impossible. Monism: a view that there is only one kind of ultimate substance. Atheism: lack of belief in God or active disbelief in God. Consumerism: The theory that a progressively greater consumption of goods is economically beneficial. Attachment to materialistic values or possessions. Individualism: A doctrine holding that the interests of the individual should take precedence over the interests of the state or social group. Humanism: A system of thought that rejects religious beliefs and centers on humans and their values, capacities, and worth. Moral Relativism: Moral relativism is the view that ethical standards, morality, and positions of right or wrong are culturally based and therefore subject to a person's individual choice. We can all decide what is right for ourselves. You decide what's right for you, and I'll decide what's right for me. Moral relativism says, "It's true for me, if I believe it." Doctrine: a body or system of teachings relating to a particular subject: the doctrine of the Catholic Church. Ecumenism: After Vatican II, Pope John Paul II opened discussion between the Catholic faith and all other Christian faiths. The intent was not to convert but rather to learn and improve the Catholic Faith. Inter-religious dialogue/faith: PJPII invited religious leaders from all the world’s religions to Vatican. The intent was to discuss world issues and respond with a united religious front. Stereotype: A fixed, commonly held notion or image of a person or group, based on a simple opinion of a person or group behaviour, physical traits or personality.Examples: Negative—all Jews are cheap / Positive-- Asians are good at math Negative stereotypes are projected unto all people that share the same characteristics. They cause fear and reactions that do not reflect the person but the stereotype. Positive stereotypes (ie. Black men are good at basketball) are negative also because they expect a standard from someone that may not be accurate.