Download Notes WWII - Blaine School District

Notes WWII
Germany
o inflation increases
o 1919: loaf of bread two marks
o 1922: 1500 marks
o 1923: 4 million (wheel barrow of money to buy food)
o 1932: unemployment 40%
Fascism
o an ideology stressing dictatorship and nationalism which places the strength of the
state above the welfare of the individual citizens
o extreme form of nationalism
o denied individual right
o state is supreme
o scorned democracy
Racism
o the notion that one's own racial or national group is superior to others
o compared Jews to a disease
Starts in Italy (Fascism)
o Mussolini
o takes over government
o abolishes democracy
o opponents sent to prison
o all things are censored
Rise of the Nazis
o National Socialist German Workers' Party
o Hitler becomes leader
o 1932: largest political party
o promised to fix all problems
o 1933: named Chancellor
o now leader with absolute power
o all political parties are banned
o Gestapo (secret police)
o arrested anyone who opposed the Nazi rule
o SS
o protection squad or security force loyal only to Hilter
o killed several thousand opponents
o
o
o
o
control news, radio, films, books
school children required to join Hitler's youth movement
Unemployment gets better
1932: 6 million unemployed
o 1936: 1.5 million unemployed
WWII
Allied Powers
France: Petain
 Dunkirk: GB civilian boats saved 338,000 French Troops
 D-Day (Operation Overlord)
Great Britain: Churchill
 Battle of Britain: GB never surrenders
 Montgomery (Africa/Europe)
USA: F.D. Roosevelt/ Truman
 MacArthur (Pacific)
 Eisenhower (Europe)
 Patton (Europe)
 Battle of Midway
 Doolittle raid
 Battle of Guadalcanal
 Iwo Jima
Russia: Stalin
 Battle of Stalingrad (1942 starts)
Axis Powers
Germany: Hitler
 Rommel (Europe/Africa) 1944 takes poison
 Battle of the Bulge
Italy: Mussolini
 Africa
Japan: Hirohito
 Yamamoto
 Pearl Harbor
1.
2.
1935: Germany breaks the treaty of Versailles
 rebuilds its military
 airplanes, etc.
1936: Germany breaks the treaty of Versailles
 takes troops into Rhineland
 French/Belgium borders

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
France and GB do nothing (trying to rebuild country didn't want war
again)
 1936 Germany and Italy form an alliance
1937: Germany breaks the treaty of Versailles
 Troops march into Austria and declare it a German province
 Austria supports unity w/ Germany
 France and GB did not take action because they want to preserve peace
1938: Hitler now moves to Czechoslavakia
 15 million Czechs and Slovaks
 3 million Germans
o large pop. of Germans in Austria, Czechoslovakia, and Poland
 GB, Germany, Italy, and France met in Munich and decide to give
parts of Czechoslovakia to Germany (Germany promises that this is
their last territory)
1939: (6 months later), Germany takes all of Czechoslovakia and moves
on Poland
 Russia wants to send troops in Poland to attack Germany; however,
Poland will not let them
 GB and France claim to defend Poland's boarders
 Germany marches into Poland and France and GB declare war
1939: Russia (Stalin) and Germany sign a pact of friendship and
nonaggression

promised 1/2 half of Poland and Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania

Russia takes countries along with Finland
 Country after country fell to Germany
1940: Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, and France
(GB civilians in boats save French army (338,000 troops)
 Italy declares war on France and GB (1940)
1941: GB (Winston Churchill prime minister) stood alone in fighting
Germany
 Germany asks GB to surrender, GB refuses and Hilter bombs their
cities
 invention of radar helps GB: tells # of planes, speed, and direction they
were going also German code-making machine told what Germany
was going to do
 US joins Russia and GB in late 1941
 300-600 GB died a day (1000-3000 wounded)
 GB holds off Germany
1941: Germany takes over Greece and Yugoslavia
 Bulgaria, Romania, and Hungary allied themselves with Germany
1941: Germany now invades the Soviet Union (felt they could take it over
before winter set in)

Germany to destroy communism and seize Soviet territory

Germany has 3,300 tanks, 5,000 planes, and 4 million soldiers



Soviet troops w/draw
Soviets burn crops and destroy equipment; therefore,
able to stop the Germans from advancing (500,000 German
troops died)
Russia surrendered in 1943
11.
Dec 7, 1941: Japan attacks Pearl Harbor
 1931 take over Manchuria
 1937 Sino-Japanese war gain eastern china
 1940 third member of the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis
 US wants to stop Japanese expansion in Asia
 Japanese military leaders decide to cripple American naval bases in the
Pacific to US could not interfere in Asia
 Dec 8, 1941: US and GB declares war on Japan two days later
Germany and Italy declare war on the US
 1942: Japanese win many victories
 1942: (spring) US wins Battle of Midway (turning pt. of war)
12.
1943: Mussolini (Itlay) is defeated
 1944: German armies are driven out of Rome
13.
D-day June 6, 1944
 Normandy occupied by Germany
 Paris liberated and now pushing towards Germany
 US and GB troops now nearing Germany from the
West Russia from the East
April 30, 1945: Hitler commits suicide (Mussolini is assassinated)
May 8, 1945: war ends with Germany and Italy
1944: US planes bombing Tokyo daily
 August 6, 1945: atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima
o no buildings left standing (62,000 destroyed)
 7,000 degrees F
 980 miles per hour
 20,000 ton of TNT
o 70,000 people killed immediately
o 37,000 suffered severe injuries
o Dead by 1945 140,000 people
o Total deaths related (radiation) to A-bomb 200,000 people
 August 8, 1945: Russia declares war on Japan and takes Manchuria
 August 10, 1945: 2nd atomic bomb is dropped on Nagasaki
o 40,000 killed
 August 15, 1945: Hirohito announced defeat
 Sept 2, 1945: Japan surrendered
14.
15.
16.
Allied Powers (leaders/military commanders)
France: Petain
 Dunkirk: GB civilian boats saved 338,000 French Troops
 D-Day (Operation Overlord)
Great Britain: Churchill
 Battle of Britain: GB never surrenders
 Montgomery (Africa/Europe)
USA: F.D. Roosevelt/ Truman
 MacArthur (Pacific)
 Eisenhower (Europe)
 Patton (Europe)
 Battle of Midway
 Doolittle raid
 Iwo Jima
Russia: Stalin
 Battle of Stalingrad (1942 starts)
Axis Powers (axis around which Europe would rotate)
Germany: Hitler
 Rommel (Europe/Africa) 1944 takes poison
 Heinrich Himmler (SS)
 Battle of the Bulge
Italy: Mussolini
 Africa
Japan: Hirohito
 Yamamoto (Pacific)
 Pearl Harbor
Propaganda
WWII
50 million killed
20 million from Russia
Military Killed/Civilians Killed
 US: 292,131
 GB: 271,311
 France: 205,707
 Russia: 13,600,000
 Germany: 3,300,000
None
60,595
173,260
7,720,000
2,893,000

Japan: 1,140,429
953,000