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Notes WWII Germany o inflation increases o 1919: loaf of bread two marks o 1922: 1500 marks o 1923: 4 million (wheel barrow of money to buy food) o 1932: unemployment 40% Fascism o an ideology stressing dictatorship and nationalism which places the strength of the state above the welfare of the individual citizens o extreme form of nationalism o denied individual right o state is supreme o scorned democracy Racism o the notion that one's own racial or national group is superior to others o compared Jews to a disease Starts in Italy (Fascism) o Mussolini o takes over government o abolishes democracy o opponents sent to prison o all things are censored Rise of the Nazis o National Socialist German Workers' Party o Hitler becomes leader o 1932: largest political party o promised to fix all problems o 1933: named Chancellor o now leader with absolute power o all political parties are banned o Gestapo (secret police) o arrested anyone who opposed the Nazi rule o SS o protection squad or security force loyal only to Hilter o killed several thousand opponents o o o o control news, radio, films, books school children required to join Hitler's youth movement Unemployment gets better 1932: 6 million unemployed o 1936: 1.5 million unemployed WWII Allied Powers France: Petain Dunkirk: GB civilian boats saved 338,000 French Troops D-Day (Operation Overlord) Great Britain: Churchill Battle of Britain: GB never surrenders Montgomery (Africa/Europe) USA: F.D. Roosevelt/ Truman MacArthur (Pacific) Eisenhower (Europe) Patton (Europe) Battle of Midway Doolittle raid Battle of Guadalcanal Iwo Jima Russia: Stalin Battle of Stalingrad (1942 starts) Axis Powers Germany: Hitler Rommel (Europe/Africa) 1944 takes poison Battle of the Bulge Italy: Mussolini Africa Japan: Hirohito Yamamoto Pearl Harbor 1. 2. 1935: Germany breaks the treaty of Versailles rebuilds its military airplanes, etc. 1936: Germany breaks the treaty of Versailles takes troops into Rhineland French/Belgium borders 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. France and GB do nothing (trying to rebuild country didn't want war again) 1936 Germany and Italy form an alliance 1937: Germany breaks the treaty of Versailles Troops march into Austria and declare it a German province Austria supports unity w/ Germany France and GB did not take action because they want to preserve peace 1938: Hitler now moves to Czechoslavakia 15 million Czechs and Slovaks 3 million Germans o large pop. of Germans in Austria, Czechoslovakia, and Poland GB, Germany, Italy, and France met in Munich and decide to give parts of Czechoslovakia to Germany (Germany promises that this is their last territory) 1939: (6 months later), Germany takes all of Czechoslovakia and moves on Poland Russia wants to send troops in Poland to attack Germany; however, Poland will not let them GB and France claim to defend Poland's boarders Germany marches into Poland and France and GB declare war 1939: Russia (Stalin) and Germany sign a pact of friendship and nonaggression promised 1/2 half of Poland and Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania Russia takes countries along with Finland Country after country fell to Germany 1940: Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, and France (GB civilians in boats save French army (338,000 troops) Italy declares war on France and GB (1940) 1941: GB (Winston Churchill prime minister) stood alone in fighting Germany Germany asks GB to surrender, GB refuses and Hilter bombs their cities invention of radar helps GB: tells # of planes, speed, and direction they were going also German code-making machine told what Germany was going to do US joins Russia and GB in late 1941 300-600 GB died a day (1000-3000 wounded) GB holds off Germany 1941: Germany takes over Greece and Yugoslavia Bulgaria, Romania, and Hungary allied themselves with Germany 1941: Germany now invades the Soviet Union (felt they could take it over before winter set in) Germany to destroy communism and seize Soviet territory Germany has 3,300 tanks, 5,000 planes, and 4 million soldiers Soviet troops w/draw Soviets burn crops and destroy equipment; therefore, able to stop the Germans from advancing (500,000 German troops died) Russia surrendered in 1943 11. Dec 7, 1941: Japan attacks Pearl Harbor 1931 take over Manchuria 1937 Sino-Japanese war gain eastern china 1940 third member of the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis US wants to stop Japanese expansion in Asia Japanese military leaders decide to cripple American naval bases in the Pacific to US could not interfere in Asia Dec 8, 1941: US and GB declares war on Japan two days later Germany and Italy declare war on the US 1942: Japanese win many victories 1942: (spring) US wins Battle of Midway (turning pt. of war) 12. 1943: Mussolini (Itlay) is defeated 1944: German armies are driven out of Rome 13. D-day June 6, 1944 Normandy occupied by Germany Paris liberated and now pushing towards Germany US and GB troops now nearing Germany from the West Russia from the East April 30, 1945: Hitler commits suicide (Mussolini is assassinated) May 8, 1945: war ends with Germany and Italy 1944: US planes bombing Tokyo daily August 6, 1945: atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima o no buildings left standing (62,000 destroyed) 7,000 degrees F 980 miles per hour 20,000 ton of TNT o 70,000 people killed immediately o 37,000 suffered severe injuries o Dead by 1945 140,000 people o Total deaths related (radiation) to A-bomb 200,000 people August 8, 1945: Russia declares war on Japan and takes Manchuria August 10, 1945: 2nd atomic bomb is dropped on Nagasaki o 40,000 killed August 15, 1945: Hirohito announced defeat Sept 2, 1945: Japan surrendered 14. 15. 16. Allied Powers (leaders/military commanders) France: Petain Dunkirk: GB civilian boats saved 338,000 French Troops D-Day (Operation Overlord) Great Britain: Churchill Battle of Britain: GB never surrenders Montgomery (Africa/Europe) USA: F.D. Roosevelt/ Truman MacArthur (Pacific) Eisenhower (Europe) Patton (Europe) Battle of Midway Doolittle raid Iwo Jima Russia: Stalin Battle of Stalingrad (1942 starts) Axis Powers (axis around which Europe would rotate) Germany: Hitler Rommel (Europe/Africa) 1944 takes poison Heinrich Himmler (SS) Battle of the Bulge Italy: Mussolini Africa Japan: Hirohito Yamamoto (Pacific) Pearl Harbor Propaganda WWII 50 million killed 20 million from Russia Military Killed/Civilians Killed US: 292,131 GB: 271,311 France: 205,707 Russia: 13,600,000 Germany: 3,300,000 None 60,595 173,260 7,720,000 2,893,000 Japan: 1,140,429 953,000