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Acronyms Muckrakers: STPs Steffens Tarbell Phillips Sinclair TR Square Deal: CCC Control o Corp Consumer protection Conservation o Natural ResourceRoad to WWI Little Lusitania (1915) Ha… House-Grey Memorandum Nnah… National Defense Act S… Sussex Pledge (1916) U… Unlimited Sub Warfare (1917) Zie Z-note WWI Can’T Château-Thiery Make Marne Sense St. Mihiel Mes Meuse Argonne Offensive Amis Armistise A Week in Wartime Gasless Sunday Fuel Admin Fuelless Mondays Fuel Admin Wheatless Mondays Food Admin (Mondays must suck.) Meatless Tuesdays Food Admin Lost Generation/Other Artsy stuff May Mencken Freud Fitzgerald Die ? Dreiser Love Lewis For Faulkner "Hem" to Hemingway Perish Pound E… Eliot M… McKay O !! O’Neill …Now I know my ABC’s (I hope) AEF : American Expeditionary Force (in WWI) CPI : Committe on Public Info (WWI propaganda) RFC: Reconstruction Fianance Corp. BEF: Bonus Expeditionary Force RRR: (FDR) Relief, Recovery, Reform CCC: Civil Conservation Corp FERA: Federal Emergency Relief Act AAA: Agricultural Adjustment Act CWA: Civil Works Administration WPA: Work Progress Admin PWA: Public Works Admin FHA: Federal Housing Admin NYA: Nat’l Youth Admin TVA: Tennesse Valley Authority NRA: National Recovery Act SEC: Security Exchange Comission FDIC: Federal Dept. Insurance Corp CIO: Committee o Industrial Org AFL: AF o L (IWW): Industrial Workers o the World WPB: War Production Board WLB: War Labor Board WAACS: Women in Army WAVES: Women in Navy SPARS: Women Coast Guard NAACP CORE: Congress Of Racial Equality FEPC: Fair Employment Practice Commission SCLC: Southern Christian Leadership Conf SNCC: Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee NATO SEATO Leading to WWII ANP GUNE I ARD ANP Amerrican Neutrality Patrol G… Greenland UNE Unlimited National Emergency I Iceland A Atlantic Charter R Aid to Russia D Destroyer destroyed War w/ Japan But Buttan Death March Can’t Corregidor, Philippines (US lose) (1942) Cory Coral Sea Meet Midway Solomon Solomon Islands (1942-43) Instead of Island Hoppinsg (1943) Philip’s Battle o Philippine Sea (1944) Little Golfing Battle o Leyte Gulf Man Manila liberated (1945) OK? Battle for Okinawa War w/ Germany Bombing Bombing Northern N. Afr. Deserts Battle o Kassarine Pass/Desert Fox Is Italy Deadly D-Day But Battle o the Bulge Really Rhine Essential Elbe Treaties Cats Casablanca Conf May Moscow Conf Die Declaration o Cairo The Teheran Conf Yummy Yalta Conf Pie Potsdam Conf People 1. Teddy Rosevelt: Progressivism, end monopoly, lower trusts, Bull Moose party 2. 1899: Aguinaldo: Filipino nationalist; rebelled against US; FX: 70,000 US troops crushed rebellion 3. Riis: How the Other Half Lives: NY slums; influenced TR 4. Vleben: Theory o Liesure Class: attack new rich in the gilded age 5. Norris: The Octopus: condemned monopoly 6. Dreiser: writer in Prog. Age 7. Addams: Settlement houses in city for poor guys; stressed edu and health 8. Wald: 9. Steffens: muckraker: The Shame o Cities: corrupt alliance o big business & gov’t ppl 10. Tarbell, Ida: muckraker: factual exposé on Standard Oil Co. 11. Phillips: (Cosmo) Treason o the Senate: charge 75 senators for supporting RR & trust not for the people 12. La Follete: gov’r of Wisconsin: most militant progressive: lower pwr of crooked corp; pwr ppl 13. Johnson: gov’t o California: graft down, set up own political machine 14. 1906: Sinclair: The Jungle: unsanitary (muckraker) 15. Eugene Debs: leads socialist mvt 16. Pinchot, Gifford: head U.S. Forest Service, insist that trees be planted as well as harvested 17. Dewey, John: Educator: focus on personal growth, edu through experience 18. Eliot, Charles: pioneered elective courses & other techniques for university 19. Booker T. Washington: Atlanta Compromise; self-help and accommodation 20. WEB DuBois: Niagara Mvt (full RT o citizenship); want blacks to assert and agitate for rights; form NAACP 21. Charlotte Gilman: attack male monopoly; declare domesticity obsolete value 22. Margaret Sanger: birth control 23. Taft: bust trusts, split in Republican party got worse; 44 anti-trust suits 24. Ballinger: Sectary o Interior o Taft: gave away natural resource to private co not illegal, but bad; Taft support him 25. Wilson: 2nd Demo after CW; 26. Francisco “Pancho” Villa: seeking Am. Intervention to undermine Carranza => shot Americans & burned town 27. Creel: head o Committee o Public Info: WWI propganda guy 28. Goldstein: The Spirit o 76: fined $10,000 & 10 yrs in prison for showing GB (US’s ally) in bad light 29. Foch : US and Fr. united under this guy for WWI’ 30. Wilson : moral foreign policy : imperialism & dollar diplo ; spread democratic captitalism 31. Hoover : headed Food Administration (Wilson); secretary o commerce (Harding/Coolidge) ; pres in ’28 32. Garfield : Fuel Admin 33. Lodge : Republican senator, Wilson’s foe ; dislike League, propose 14 Resolutions 34. Ford : Car guy ; Model T ; Roadster 35. Wright Bros : Plan guys 36. Lindbergh : WE across Atlantic : Spirit o St. Louis 37. 1925 : Al Capone : gangster : « publicy enemy no. 1 » ; Chicago, 500 murdered 38. Baby Ruth : commercialized ball player o 1920s 39. Freud : sex => health 40. Jazz « peeps » : Morton, King Oliver ; Langston Hughs 41. Garvey : start UNIA ; other company create to keep black $ in black hands => black pride => Nation o Islam mvt 42. Lost Generation (see acronym) - Mencken : American Monthly : assail marriage, patriotism, demo, prohibition, etc - Fitzgerald : yeah… - Dreiser : An American Tragedy - Hemingway : troubled soul in war - Lewis : satire - O’Neill : playwright, freudian sex notion 43. Wright : Archetecture : materialism & functionalism : Empire State Building 44. Mellon : Sec. O Treasury : millionaire ; lay tax burden on MC « spare the rich » : $26 bil$16 bil ; couldda done more 45. Fall : Sec. O Interior o Harding : Teapot Dome Scandal - 1921 Teapot Dome Scandal : Fall (sec o interior) convince sec o navy to give him some navy oil land, which he lease to Sinclair/Doheny after bribe ; FX : 1 yr in jail in 1929 46. Daugherty : Attorney General : illegal sale o pardon & liquor permit ; FX : pardoned b/c jury couldn’t agree 47. Harding : Pres :1920-3 : died in office ; doesn’t wanna hurt friend’s feelings => scandal ; see aboves 48. FDR: New Deal, Forgotten Man; 4 terms 49. Father Coughlin: Anti-ND; anti-semetic; fascist; favored inflationary currency; got to millions through radio 50. Long: confiscate all fortune >$5 mil so every family have “homestead” ($5K) & min. annual income o $2K; populist 51. Towsend: retired >60 yr pension o $200/month (2x worker’s wage) if money spend within the month => $ circulate 52. 1935: Lewis: Mine Union leader; CIO 53. Against War: Senator Pittman (promp NA o 1935); Congressmen Fish, Senator Norris, all Republicans 54. Wilkie: liberal Republican (1940 election): fought against TVA; strong defense; criticize New Deal; 500 speeches 55. MacArthur: held off Japan in Philippine for 4 mo 56. Eisenhower: Desert Fox; D-Day; end Korea; good leader: fair, optimistic, respect citizen, hero; small gov’t 57. Oppenheimer: directed design o A-bomb 58. 1950s& 60s: Levitt bros: pioneered home construction; house monotony increase 59. Truman: after FDR died: average man, no college edu, “if can’t take heat, get outta kitchen”, Potsdam 60. McCarthy: attacked State official for being communist, attack everybody; attack army (Marshall) & got censured 61. 1955: Emmett Till: lynched for allegedly “ leering at a white woman” 62. 1944: Myrdal: An American Dilemna: all men created equal v. treatment o blacks 63. Robins: 1st black in major league baseball 64. 1955: Rosa Parks: (college) year long boycott o bus 65. Rev. ML King Jr: speech, bible, constitution, Gandhi; SCLC & organize Church for Civil RTs 66. Dulles: Sec o State: Policy o boldness: army/navy down; Air Fleet up; super bomber; Nukes 67. Friedman: La Feminine Mystique 68. Galbraith: The Affluent Society: relation b/t private wealth public good 69. Plays: Tenneessee Williams, Arthur Miller 70. Kennedy: Space guy; youngest pres 71. Nixon: Watergate guy Organizations/Groups 1. Progressives: no: monopoly, corruption, injustice: “strengthen the state”; support gov’t intervention; edu good gov 2. Socialists: New Immi: better housing & conditions for poor, progressivism; led by Eugene Debs 3. Feminists: suffrage, clean city, factory, food; improve family life; taxation w/o rep 4. Muckrakers: Cosmo, Everybody’s: dirt => circulation; against tariff lobbyist, trusts; believed: more democracy - Against social evil: “white slaves”; slum, child labor, subjugation o blacks 5. “Millionaire’s Club” Senate’s nickname during Prog Age 6. Woman’s Christian Temperance Union: ~ 1 mill women (militant) 7. Anti Saloon League: militant, in league w/ above 8. 1903: Department o Commerce and Labor: Bureao o corp: trust bust, bust monopoly, regulate interstate trade 9. ICC: Interstate Commerce Commision 10. 1913: Federal Reserve System: bankers’ bank; flexible new currency; held gold reserve; reg. banks have to buy stocks 11. 1914: Federal Trade Commission: stop unfair practice in business (monopolies, etc): can issue cease/desist order, suitss 12. National Conservation Commission: oversee nation’s resource 13. National Monetary Commission: basis for Federal Reserve System 14. Wilson: “New Freedom” campaign 15. 1909: NAACP: start by WEB DuBois; grew during WWII 16. Industrial Workers o the World: IWW/Wobblies: promote voilence & revolution; many deported after Red Scare 17. Committee o Public Info: 75,000 four minute min: patriotic pep: billboard, book, movie, song 18. Food Administration: Hoover head; food Belgium; meatless Tuesdays, etc. 19. 1917 : War Industries Board : WIB : control raw material, production, prices, labor relation 20. 1917 : Food Admin 21. 1917 : Fuel Admin : under Garfield : moderate coal production/distrubution 22. 1917 : US Railroad Admin : improve tracks & efficiency 23. 1917 : US Shipping Board : created Emergency Fleet Corporation, build shipyard, sieze enemy ship => losta ships Emergency Fleet Corporation : buy, build, lease, operate merchant ships 24. 1918 : War Labor Board : prevent strikes via higher wages, 8 hr day, unionization (2.5 mil 5 mil) 25. American Protective League : humiliated ppl : not buy bond, Germans, etc : « Liberty sausage » « Liberty measles » 26. League o Nations : Lodge (Rep) b/c it took away Congress’s power to DW 27. Modernists : God’s a good guy & universe is chummy ; wholesome film for the young ‘uns 28. Freudians : teenagers embracing wildness : jazz, cars (house o prost) ; touching 29. Gangsters : gambled, prost., narcostix, ransom, exhort $ : like Al Pacone 30. UNIA : Blacks back to Africa, started by Garvey 31. 1921 : Veteran’s Bureau : operate hospital & rehab 32. 1919 : American Legion : militarism, conservatism, antiradicism 33. Disarmament Conference in DC : major naval pwer (sans Russ) ; scale down navy ; weak : no X small ship, no enforce 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 5 pwr treaty : 5 :5 :3 ratio (US :GB :Jap) ; 4 Pwr Treaty : US, GB, Jap, Fr ally ; 9 pwr : Open Door up Fariff Commission : reduce/increase tariff by 50% (32% increase, 5% reduce) 1921 : Farm Bloc : 1929: Federal Farm Board: $500 mil to lend to agr. Corp; kept Ag. Price above world level until 1931 price decline 1932: RFC: Reconstruction Finance Corp: can borrow $1.5 bil for loans to RR, Banks, etc; stop failure of basic firms 1932: BEF: Bonus Expeditionary Force (d’AEF): 14,000 unemployed vets Washington to protest; FX: 2 vets killed; MacArthur (w/ army) removed Vets using force 1932: Farm Holiday Association: head by Reno; call farm strike for higher prices; led to violence & collapsed 1932: CCC: Civil Conservation Corp: (100D) gov’t camps: 3 mill ppl: FFF (reForest, Fight fire, Flood) get pension plant 200 mil. Trees during Dust Bowl 1933: CWA: Civil Works Admin: branch o FERA; temporary job in winter (shovelin’) 1935: WPA: Work Progress Admin: Hopkin: employment on projects: building & infra. ($11 bil); 9 mil job/8 yr; “art” NRA: Nat’l Recovery Admin: short&long term; hours dn => work up & min. wage; RTorg; bargain w/ rep o choice PWA: Pub. Work Admin: Ickes; long term; $4 bil on 34K project: infra, build, dam 1935: Resettlement Admin: (Dust) near farmless ppl move to better farms 1934: SEC: Security Exchange Commission: battle fraud, deception; FX: stock is trade, not gamble 1933: TVA: Tenn. Val Authority: (100D) 3-ppl board: 20 dams, X flood/erode; hydroelectric pwr, reforest, rehab. land 1935: US Housing Auth: lend $ state & local for low cost construction 1935: CIO: Committee for Industrial Organization: 1936: strike @ General Motors; part o w/ AF o L (esp. blacks) 1938: CIO: Congres o blah blah: include 200,000 blacks 1933: London Conference: held to stabilize values o currency; FDR not want world to mess up US eco => Conf X 1933: 7th Pan American Conf: renounc armed intervention, esp. Rosevelt Corollary 1940: Havana Conference: America First Committee: Isolationists 1941: Atlantic Conf: Churchill, FDR => 8 pt Atlantic Charter:; talk about post war; self-deter 1941: American Neutrality Patrol: search out but not attack German subs in W. Atlantic (so they can warn GB) WPB: War Production Board: 2.6 mil machine gun, 14 ships/day; halt production o cars, other luxuries Office o Price Admin: control inflation WLB: War Labor Board: control wage Women in Military: WAACS (army); WAVES (Navy); SPARS (coast guard) 1942: CORE: Congress Of Racial Equality: militant FEPC: Fair Employment Practice Commission: X Discrimination; cause by black migration up N. in WWII 1943: 1.14-25: Casablanca: FDR & Churchill: declare policy o unconditional surrender 1943. Oct: Moscow Conf: SU agree to war against Japan after Germany defeated and participate in UN 1943: 12.1: Dec. o Cairo: FDR & Chiang Kai-shek: Japan’s unconditional surrender; land return to China; Korea free 1943: Nov-Dec: Teheran: FDR, Churchill, Stalin: reaffirm Soviet war v. Japan, discuss D-Day 1945: Feb: Yalta: Big 3: SU:Pacific (Manchuria & Korea) 3 mo after Eu;call for UN conf on 4.25.45;divide Germ. 1945: Jul-Aug: Potsdam: Truman, Stalin, Atlee (GB): disagree, but est’d council to draft treaty in Balkan; concept o war crime trial; demil. & denazi o Germanys 69. FHA: Federal Housing Authority: home loan guarantee 70. VA: Veteran’ s admin:loan money for house & small business 71. 1944: IMF: Internat’l Monetary Fund: est’d world exchange rates & found… 72. World Bank: US lead 73. 1945: UN: like old League’s covenant; : peace in Iran, Israel, WHO, UNESCO; : no control A-bomb, veto pwr 74. WHO: World Health Org 75. 1949: NATO: 12 count: attack one, all rescue; 1952: Gr & Turkey; 1955: Germany 76. 1947: Loyalty Review Board: 3 mill federal employee investigated, 3,000 resign/dismissed 77. 1948: Committee on Un-American Activity 78. 1957: Civil RTs Commission: investigate voilations o Civil RT 79. SCLC: Southern Christian Leadership Conf: ML King’s thing: organize Church for Civil RT 80. SNCC: Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee: focus & force; later loose patience w/ even NAACP 81. 1955: Geneva Convention: Krushchev decline offer for peace 82. SEATO: SE Asia Treaty Org Written Stuff 1. Treaty o Paris: Cuban independence, US got Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam; Sp. Got $20 mil. For Philippines 2. 1901: Platt Amendment: Cuba’s protectorate o US: Cuba can’t make foreign treaties; US have right to station there 3. 1901: Hay-Pauncefote Treaty: abrogate Clayton-Bulwer Treaty (jointly occupany canal); now US singly occupy 4. 1903: Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty: US control Panama construction: $10 mill + annuals o $250K starting 9 yrs after 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 1902: Anti-Trust Policy: strict enforce Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890) suit against N. Security Co backed by JP Morgan; suit against Standard Oil Co. 1898: Erdman Act: chair o ICC and commisioner of Bureau o Labor can mediate in unresolved RR controversies 1900: Currency Act: standardized gold; separate gold reserve set up; gov’t bonds sold to maintain reserve 1898: Teller Admendment: 1903: Elkins Act: heavy fine for giving rebates: Part o Square Deal 1906: Hepburn Act: free pass restriction (no bribes); ICC pwr up; control of rates raised 1906: Meat Inspection Act: Federal check meat going over state line; big business use to drive little business down 1906: Food & Drug Act: No mislabel & adulterate 1906: Immunity o Witness Act: corporations can’t make plea o immunity to avoid testifying 1877: Desert Land Act: sold land cheap if buy and irrigate in 3 years 1891: Forest Reserve Act: President can set aside Natural land 1894: Carey Act: like Desert Land Act except sold land to states 1902: Newland Acts: Fed gov’t use move from desert land to irrigate & get $ from settlers Roosevelt Corollary: (to Monroe doc): US can intervene in LA if Europe use military to collect debt, “big stick” Dry Laws: contral and abolish alchohol (predecessor o 18 th amd) 1909: Payne Aldrich Tariff: (Taft) protect industries, kept consumer prices high Progressives felt betrayed 1913: Underwood Tariff (Wilson): 1st significant reduction since 1860s (reduce 29%); graduated income tax balanced 1914: Clayton Antitrust Act: dn monopolies: no inter-directorates, price discrim.; Fed. Trade Commission; unions OK 1910: Mann Elins Act: ICC more powerful: regulate cable/wireless company; suspend questionable rates 1913: 16th amd: graduated income tax 1913: 17th amd: direct election o senator 1916: Keating Owen Act: protection for kids in workforce 1916: Federal Farm Loan Act: credit reform for agr.; bank in 12 regions o US; good mortgage rates (hypo) 1910: Mann Act: interstate prostitution is a federal crime 1911: Lodge Corollary to MD: include non-European powers (Japan tried to buy land S. o Cali from MX) 1916: Child Labor Act: no shipment o products made by kids 14-16 interstate; (hypo) (1918: S. Ct. dec. unconst) 1916: Adamson Act: for RR worker: 8 hr day; 1.5 * wage for overtime; max o 16 hr/shift; for Unions 1918: 14 Pts: X secret treaty, freedom o sea, X eco. barrier, dn arms, adjust colonial claim, Self Det., League 1917: Espionage Act and Sedition Act: 1,900 prosecution: Anti-war socialists, Wobblies, Debs, Goldstein 1915 : National Defense Act : Army : 90K220K ; enlarge National Guard 1917 : Lever Act : gave pres. Broad control over production, price, distribution o food & fuel 1918 : Revenue Act o 1918 : graduated income tax ; tax on luxury items,etc. 1919 : 14 Formal Reservation : US have power to reserve RT (other nation can pull us into war otherwise) 1921 : Emergency Quota Act : 3% o ppl o that nationality in 1910 1924 : Immigration Act : 2% o ppl o that nationality in 1890 (S. Eu) 1919 : 18th Amd : Prohibition 1919 : Volstead Act : implemented 18th : defined intoxicating beverage 1932 : Linderburgh Laws : Interstate abduction is punishable by death (after Linderburgh baby trials) 1920 : Esch Cummins Act : RR return to private management 1920 : Merchant Marine Act : shipping return to private enterprises LaFollete’s Seaman Act : ? 1924 : Adjusted Comp. Act : insurance policy due in 20 years 1928 : Kellog Briad Pact : 62 nation, 2 million sig., out law war : no use war as instrument Fordney McCumber Tariff : 27%-38% : response to post war Europe competition w/ domestic Markets Capper Volstead Act : exempt marketing cooperatives from antitrust persecution 1927 : McNary Haugen Bill : keep Ag. Price up by making gov. Buy & sell to foreign & give tax to farmers, 2x veto’d 1924 : Dawes Plan : US give private loans Germany, Germ pay back Allies, Allie pay bad debt to US 1929: Agricultural Marketing Act: created Federal Farm Board 1930: Hawley Smoot Tariff: law that raise agr. & manu. Import; probably spread internat’l depression; did little for US 1932: Federal Home Loan Bank Act: $125 mil to make loan to building to avoid foreclosures 1933: Emergency Banking Relief Act: president got power to regulate bank & foreign exchange Glass Steagall Banking Reform Act: FDIC: $5,000 1932: FERA: Fed. Emergency Relief Act: short term: Hopkin: $3 bil state to dole $ to work projects 1932: AAA: Agriculture Adjustment Act: help farmer w/ mortgage; paid farmer to reduce acre w/ $ o processor 1936: S. Ct. declared unconst 1933: 21th Amd: Repeal o prohibition: $5 tax/barrel => gov’t rich!s 1936: Soil Conservation & Domestic Allotment Act: subsidize soil for conserving crop (soybeans) 61. 1938: 2nd Agr. Adjust. Act: subsidize certain crop’s if acreage dropped, fair sprice, nat’l income increase 62. 1934: Frazier Lemke Farm Bankruptcy Act: suspend mortgage foreclosure for 5 yr (b/c o Dust Bowl) - 1938: S. Ct. dec. unconst 63. 1934: Indian Reorganization Act: encourage local gov’t & culture; 75 refuse; 200 established tribal gov. 64. Federal Securities Act: seller SWEAR soundness 65. 1935: Public Utility Holding Company Act: decrease bloated growth (so if big company X, little Co don’t X) 66. 1937: Social Security Act: unemp. Insurance & pension: Republican no like: “dog tag for life” 67. 1935: Wagner Act (Nat’l Labor Relation): after NRA X: self org. & bargain collectively 68. 1938: Fair Labor Standards Act: max hr/min wage, child labor; exclude: agr., service, domestic, black, MX, womens 69. 1934: Tydings McDuffle Act: Philippines independence: army gone, navy stay; Philipine want dominion status tho\ 70. 1934: Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act: relief/recovery: tariff down: lower 50% if other country lower => internat’l up 71. 1934: Johnson Debt Default Act: no borrow from US; incite argue for referendum to DW (w/o Cong) 72. Neutrality Act o 1935: if war, US export embargo for 6 mo; no carry arm Belligerent; no travel on B ships 73. Ditto o 1936: Pres can determine when state o war exist; no loan/credit to B (belligerents) 74. Ditto o 1937: Prohibit all arm sales to belligerent; cash and carry sale o non-military stuff to B is OK 75. Ditto o 1939: Officially say US neutral; allowed cash and carry sale o arms & short term loan; no travel o B ships 76. Lend Lease Law: armsvictims; GB deplete in cash => supplies paid for in goods/service after war; - FX: US non-B ally; “black check bill”; end Neutrality; German consider a DW & begin to attack US ships 77. 1940: Conscription Law: 1.2 mil troops, 800,000 reserves 78. 1941: Atlantic Charter: what to do w/ Japan, oppose imperialistic annex, self-deter, disarm, new League 79. Smith-Connally Anti-Strike Act: gov’t can sieze/operate tied up industries: TO coal mine, RR 80. War Bill: $330 bill => Income tax raise 81. Taft-Hartley Act: outlaw Union shop made union take non-communist oath 82. 1946: Employment Act: gov. policy to promote max production, employment, purchasing pwr 83. 1944: Servicemen Readjustment Act: GI Bill: send GI School : 8 mil benefit 84. 1947: Truman Doctrine: $400 mil Gr/Turkey; Critix: too polarized 85. 1947: Marshall Plan: (Stalin walked out) 12.5 bil in 4 years; Check o S: Su sponsored; FX: W. Eu up, Commu. Dn 86. 1947: National Security Act: est’d National Security Council & CIA; conscription 19025 yr; Selective Service Sys. 87. 1950: Internal Security Act: pres can arrest/detain suspicious ppl; passed over President’s veto 88. 1949: Housing Act: FD: clear slum, build public housing, rent control 89. 1950: Social Security Act : FD : extend social security to more ppl, more benefits 90. Jim Crow: segregation; school, restrooms, etc. 91. 1957: Civil Rights Act: set up Civil RTs Comission 92. 1956: Highway Act: $27 bil => job up, suburb grow, air bad, auto industroy ups 93. 1957: Eisenhower Dictrine: help any count. Threatened by communist (real threat Nat’lism); Y? Oil down 94. 1960: OPEC: S. Arabia, Kuwait, Iraq, Iran, Venezuela => hold eco together 95. Landrum Griffin Act: control unfair union acts 96. 1961: Housing Act: $5 bill over 4 years: preservation o urban space, mass transit, MC housing Violence 1. 1898: Spanish American War - 3.27: Ultimatum: let US mediate; call armstice; end concentration camps in Cuba - 4.21: Congress DW - 7.17: in Cuba: Admiral Sampson’s squadron destroyed Spanish fleet; Santiage surrendered; Puerto Rico captured - 5.1: Philippines: Spanish fleet destroyed - Treaty o Paris: Cuban independence, US got Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam; Sp. Got $20 mil. For Philippines 2. 1901: McKinely Assasinated: by anarchist leon Czolgosz; FX: TR bc pres 3. 1902: Strike: Penn Coal mine: demand improvement & pay up 20%; FX: fed troops came & got 10% raise 4. 1907: Roosevelt Panic o 1907: b/c o iffy bank speculation, back money & credit policy, gold standard; FX: banking ref 5. 1905: Treaty o Portsmouth: US mediated the peace treaty o Russo-Jap war TR received Nobel Prize in 1906 6. 1907: Taft-Katsura Memo: Jap recognize US control in Phiippine; US granted Japanese protectorate in Korea 7. 1907: Gentleman’s Agreement w/ Japan: Japan restrict emigration o unskilled workers to US (b/c racial discrim.) 8. 1906: Algeciras Conference: open door policy for Morocco 9. 1907: 2nd Hague Conference: 46 nations; resolution banning use o military to collect foreign debts 10. 1914-1916: MX War-ish thing: Heurta Vera Cruz Carranza Villa Pershing WWI - 1914: Heurta abdicated power to Carraza; “Pacho” Villa shot America (35 killed in 2 incidents) 11. 1917: Road to WWI: 1.31 Unlimited Sub; 3.1: Z-Note; U-Boat sank 4 US merchant; Rus. Rev (fight 4 demo) 12. 1919: Greatest Strike in Steel => Blacks break the strike => Racial violence (Chicago): 15 whites X, 23 Blacks X 13. Road to WWI 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 1915 : 5.7 : Lusitania : 128 Americans X => "Arabic Pledge" : stop attacking passengers 1916 : 3.24 : Sussex Pledge : stop unlimited Sub warfare IF GB stop violations o international law 1915 : House-Grey Memorandum : US would mediate a peace, if Germ. Not there, then US DW (GB agree) 1915 : National Defense Act 1917 : 1.31 : Germ. Announce unlimited Sub warfare 1917 : 2.24 : Zimmerman : « lost territorys » go to MX ; Japan invite to join alliance against US WWI : 1918 part May : Château-Thiery : 1st US battle (@ Marne) July : Marne : begining of German withdraw 9.12 : St. Mihiel : US battle German, unsuccessful Meuse Argonne offensive : Pershing drive Germ defense b/t Verdun & Sedan : 10% casualty ; Germ ready to surrender 11.11 : Armistic Post WWI 1.11.18 : armistice 1.12.19 : Paris Peace Conf. 2.19 : Senator Protest => Wilson changed League little 7.26.19 : Senate not ratify 9.3.19 : Tour 3.19.20 : Defeated again (w/ & w/o reservations) 7.2.21 : Offically ended war 7.25.21 : separate peace treaty ratified Palmer Raids : 1919 : arrented ~700 arrested (most anarchist) ; 556 deported eventually ; May Day scare (REA) 1929: Stock Market X : Margin (90% borrowed) ; Black Thurs (10.24) : 13 mil. Traded ; Black Tues (10.29): crash ! 1929-32: Great Depression:13 million unemployed; GNP: $104.6 bil $56.1 billion; homeless, malnutrition 1936: CIO strike @ General Motors: no striek breaker so victory! Leading to WWII: ANP GUNE I ARD 1940: Embargo o 1940: respond to Japan’s occupation o N. Fr. Indochina; embargo on: gas, iron, steel; loan China 1941: Embargo o 1941: control o S. Fr. Indochina => freeze Japanese funds; close Panama to Jap; embargo more 1941: 12.7: “Date which will live in infamy”: 3,000 casualties; 8 craft destroy/sunk Japan War Butaan Death March: 85 miles; Japan atrocity 1942: 5.6: US surrender at Corregidor, Philippines 1942: 5.7-8: Coral Sea: May: heavey loss o Japanese, FX: stop Japanese advance on Australia 1942: Midway: Nimitz directed under Spruance; FX: turning point in Pacific 1942-43: Series o Battles around Guadalcanal in Solomon Isalnds: stopping Japanese 1943: Island Hopping: MacArthur: land & Nimitz: naval 1944: 6.19-20: Battle o the Philippine Sea: Japanese lost 300 planes; US lost 17 planes 1944: 10.25: Battle o Leyte Gulf; FX: Japan lost most o remaining naval, 1st use kamikaze 1945: Mar: MacArthur liberated Manila 1945: Apr-June: Battle for Okinawa: FX: 50,000 US casualties; Japan’s remaning defenses destroyed Europe War 1942: Jul: Start Bombinb 1942: Nov: Fr. N. Afr.: Eisenhower; FX: Fr. surrender 1943: Feb: Battle o Kassarine Pass: :Ally v. Rommel (win/stand off) May: GB trapped Rommel from Egypt 1943: Jul: Italy: Patton (ally) invade Sicily; Sept. Ally invade mainland It.; 9.43: It. Surrender, 6.44: Rome 1944: 6.6: D-Day: EisenhowerNormandy, Fr. (SU W. Fr; Am S. Fr); Aug: freed Paris; X RR to hurt Germany 1944: 12.16: Battle o the Bulge: German countered => drove ally back 1945: Mar: Ally cross Rhine 1945: Apr: Eisenhower met Soviet army @ the Elbe 1945: 5.7: Germany surrender 1948: Berlin Airlift: Y: controversy over currency & pwr control; FX: uh… airlift, & Cold War 1950: Korea: 7.25: NK SK Pusan; 7.25: UN decide NK agressor (SU not there); NSC-68: US 4x mil. Budget Truman send unit w/o congress approval MacArthur push all way to China => China push all way back south => Mac push up & want blockade => ~~ til ’53 1957: Sept: Little Rock: Faubus (gov’r) mobilize army to stop 9 student from going to Little Rock High School Fed troops put town state troops; FX: Civil RTs Act 1960: 2.1: Sit In: 4 coll. Freshmen in NC demand service => 1000 ppl by end o week Court 1. 1901-03: Insular Cases: constitutional right not extend to territories (sucks for US conquered places) 2. 1908: Muller v. Oregon: factory condition tough on women’s body sexist but celebrated 3. 1905: Lochner v. NY: overturned demand for 10 hours for baker (later 10 hours for factory) think this was bad 4. 1919: Shenk v. US: upheld Espionage Act: can’t cry “fire” case 5. 6. 1919: Abrams v. US: upheld Sedition Act 1921-77 : Sacco & Venzetti (anarchist): 1921 : guilty o robbing & killing ; Execute b/c anarchist ; world protest ; 1927 : executed ; 1977 : vindicated 1925 : Scopes/Monkey trial : Dayton, Tenn : WJ Bryan pros. ; Scope found guilty, fined $100 ; WJB had stroke & X 1935: Schechter v. US: declared NRA unconst FDR Thing: ask for Judicial Reorg. Bill: new judge for ea. Judge over 70; appointment max to 50, 6 can be added 1944: Korematsu v. US: Japanese relocation constitutional 1988: Not constitutional: $20,000 to survivor 1948: Hiss Case: say Hiss is communist & supplied classified document to SU; 1950: convicted o perjury 1950: Rosenberg: charged w/ giving atmoic secrets to SU; 1953: executed only ppl X in peacetime for spying 1944: S. Ct. declare white primary unconst 1950: Sweatt v. Painter: Afri American must be allowed to attend integrated law schools 1954: Brown v. Board o Education o Topeka: NAACP Thurgood Marshall challenge “separate but equal” won 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. Other 1. 1932: 3.6-10: National Bank Holiday: sound basis to plan bank 2. 1932: Hundred Days: discuss unemp. Insurance, min wage, conservation, child labor catch up w/ Eu - CCC 3. Good Neighbor Policy: gave up world power in Latin America; US turned from vulture eagle 4. 1948: Israel Recognized: 5.14.48: vote & oil Questions Progressives: TR mostly - Progressives: what their POV? Who they attack? What type o people they consist of?(4) What cause it? (4) - Blacks: 1/3 illit - Muckrakers: what they against? For? Examples? - Political Progressivism: How did they bring down: trusts? Socialists? Bosses? - Initiative & referendum what? - Directly elect Senate - 17th Amd says…? - Women Rights & Suffrage: What changed in work field? Who? (2, outline) - City Progressivism: why city bad? Which city set precedence? When? How? - Settlement houses: who? Established for what group? What these houses do? (3, outline) - State Level Prog: change esp. where? Gov. who? How other states follow: what they do? Gov. who? Did? - What were the reforms (outline)? (3) + (1: 3) - Social Ills: - Factory: what problem needs fixin’? (4); Sweatshop caugh on fire: where? When? How many died? - Temperance: Which org? (2) => Dry Laws: what it do? Where did it not work? Conditions in 1914? 1918? - Saloons: 1900: NYC/San Fran: 1 saloon/200 ppl; What are (2) ills associated w/ saloon? - TR: Square Deal: what it do? Penn strike: what happened? FX? New Dept o Commerce & Labor: when? What it do? - Interstate trade: 2 acts: when? What? - Antitrust: attack N. Security Co. owned by whom? FX: (4); Taft busted more - Meat: how bad? What book? Led to TR do what? What acts? (2) - Earth: which acts: deserts? (3) Forest? (1) & what TR do w/ forest? (2); FX: who worry? Which org. grow? - Forest: what gov. org. got forest? Who head? - 1913: San Fran build dam in Yosemite nat’l park: not blindly follow preservation - multiple use resource management: what they combine? FX: single person business down; business w/ gov up - Edu: who? (2) What they believe it? What % of women in college by 1920? What’s bad about edu this period? - Civil Rights: who? (2, outline did what? What they argue for? - Roosevelt Panic o 1907: why? FX? Laffy Tafty: all from outline - less progressive than TR in which areas? (2) - What tariff was issued? What it do? How’d Taft like it? - What land scandal? Who involved? FX? - Election o 1912: which party? who are the candidates?; Who won? Why they win? - TR organized what party? Nickname? Platforms? - Democrat candidate is ? Platforms? (4) - Socialists candidate is ? Platform? Wilson... no, not the tennis ball - Economy: What Tariff? Currency/Bank Reform: Federal Reserve System what it do? Clayton Antitrust Act? Progressivism in General: Weaknesses in Prog: (5); Accomplishments: (4) REA Notes: 1900-1917: TR, Taft, Wilson - Election o 1900: candidates? (5) ;Who won? - McKinley Assassination: when? Shot by whom? - Erdman Act & Currency Act when? What? - US Steep Corp (1901); Standard Oil Co (1899) - DeLome Letter (1898): Spanish minister, critisizes McKinley - Sinking o Maine: (1898): USS Maine blew up (internal combustion); US blame on Spanish Argh! War!\ - Spanish War: Why: market bad, Cuba’s poor, Americans in Cuba threatened, Cuba generally, Maine - Ultimatum DW Cuba & Philippines (list dates) Treaty o Paris (what happened there?) Philippines Insurrection: who? When? FX? - More territory: Hawaii (7.7.1898); Wake Island (1900) - US Foreign Evil: Open Door (1899); Platt Amd (1901); Hay-Pauncefote Treaty (1901); Insular Cases (1901-1903) - TR: Anti-Trust Policy (1902); Root out bosses (Mitchell: reformed NY) - Election o 1904: TR (Rep) v. Parker (Demo): trust-busting, great power for regulatory agencies, gold standard; TR won - Progressives: MC, Marxists, activist; eh-ers: mainstream business and labor leaders - 1903: Wright brothers flew news travelled slowly - TR’s Big Stick: Panama (1904-14), Roosevelt Corollary; eventually “big stick” turned into “dollar diplomacy” - Russo-Japanese War, Taft-Katsura Memo, Gentleman’s Agreement, Algeciras Conference, 2 nd Hague Conf. - Taft: Ballinger Pinchot Dispute, Mann Elins Act, Mann Act - Foreign: LA: kept military there; Lod Corollary, Bryan Arbitration Treaties: 30 some in LA; Manchuria RR - Election o 1912: - New Nationalism: tariff commision, women’s suff, min. wage, direct election, presidential primary, no child labor - New Freedom: similar progressive as above; big business evil: need to break up (Nationalism just wanna reform); favor independence o Philippines - Wilson: finished prog’v: low tariff; 16th & 17th amd; Fed. Reserve Banking Sys.; Fed. Trade Commission; Clayton AT - Also: Keating Owen Act, Fed. Farm Loan Act; BUT: no fed gov’t give farmer loans, child labor reg, women suff - By end: New Freedom & Nationalism merged (NF: US Tariff, Fed Res Act, Clayton AT; NN: Fed Trade Com) - MX War: Diaz Madero (progressive) Huerta: no demo election => US invade in 1914 & 1916 - 1913: workers were segragated in federal department, Wilson no object => protest => no further seg & bad rep - Federal Farm Loan, Child Labor, Adamson, and Kerr McGillicuddy Act; 19 th amd, what? When? Hypo? - Election o 1916: Democrats (Wilson): abandoned “limited gov’t” for broad eco/soc ref: Hypo, no war in Eu; won EZ The War to End War: 1917-18 - Why go to war? (4) When Prez ask Congres to DW? How many senator war? What they think of: GB? Germ? - Wilson Idealism in pertaining to war? - 14 pts: when deliver to Cong? Why? Want to do? (6) who supported what point?; Who Oppose?s - Proganda for war: Who? Head of what committee? what they do? - Factories Prep: Obstacles? (2) - Workers: work or fight. What board created to settle dispute? Which two opposing unions? IWW: why they mad? - Greatest Strike: when? How many? What industry? FX? ; What group was strikebreakers? (Ex of violence?) - Women: jobs during war? After war? - Food Eco: Food Administration: who head? What they do? (2); Victory Gardens. FX: (2) Why alchohol down? FX? - Lightless night; BONDS - 1917: Gov’t take control: what industry? ; Ships: what medium?s REA cont… - "Neutrality" : trade w/ central pwr : $169 mil none (1914) ; w/ Allies : $825 mil $3.2 bill (1914) - Road to war : Lusitania Sussex US is preparing Final effort at peace Unlimited Sub Z-note - Why conscription : what’s wrong w/ US military that != what Eu. Needed ? how to exempt ? blacks ? what’s ? - Where did US go in Europe ? How late ? Where US go outside o Eu ? Who was about that ? Why ? - War : which battles/events ? (5) - Home Front : WIB ; Overman Act ; most arms came from GB/Fr. ; Lever Act ; Hoover ; food export 3x - Admins : Food, Fuel, US RR ; Board : US Shipping Board, War Labor Board - Money !: cost : (inflation 1915-9) $33.5 billion ; Borrowed $23 billion and TAX : raised in 1917, Revenue Act, - Propagandists : CPI, American Protective League quite humorous things, these are - Reforms : Women : b/c got jobs during War ; blacks : migrated to N ; Prohibition : Liberty Beer is bad ! - What Kaiser do @ end o war ? Wilson’s decline : (2) Peace : A Paris : Who were the Big Four ? - Why Wilson come back ? - What land does France want ? Italy ? Japan ? How were they (sans 1) compensated ? - FX : Germany ? Wilson ? Poles & other minority ?America ? - League FX : Who didn’t support it ? (4) why ? - 1) League 2) Germ. responsible ($33 bil) 3) self-det. to new nations: E. Eu 4) Germ. colonies mandates o League - Wilson’s tour : why ? what happened ? FX ? - Lodge : 14 formal resolution what it say? Wilson’s response ? when ? When did US get outta League ? Why ? - Soviet Influence : Wilson believed demo. Need to stay united => compromises at Versaillles - Domestic Problems : 1920 : price 105% above prewar level ; 2,655 strikes in 1919 (but Communism => US v. unions) American Life in Roaring Twenties : 1919-1929 - Isolationism : anti-(2) - Red scare : cause (domestic) ? FX ? Palmer Raids what ? Unions ? - Sacco & Vanzetti : what’s up with them ? 1921 ? 1927 ? 1977 ? - KKK : Who where they ? when they peak ? when they fall ? why they fall ? - Immi : (2) quota acts ; WHEN ?; Which race really stopped coming ? How did the companies use immi ? - Prohibition : which amd ? which act ? when ? - Where support ? Where not support ? Who not support ? (3) Other problems ? (2) - Get around Proh : (2) ; Good FX ? (2) - Gangsta : What the cause ? Example : who ? Gangster activity ? (5) Underworld income in 1930s ? (larger than DC’s) - 1920s Goods : Education (who ?), science, health (life expectancy now what ?) - Problems the Church has : (2) ; Monkey Trial where ? what ? FX ? who prosecute ? - Economy’s shape from 1919-1929 : (up down up) which years ? Why up’d last ? (3) - Consumption : esp what luxury ? How advertise now ? more luxuries (fridge, vacuum) => debt - Sports : which sporter’s population up up up ? What was 1st million dollar gates ? - Cars : Which 2 company ? who head ? Which city ? Model T ? (6) ; 1930 ?# cars/year ; 1923 : president! - Relation w/ steel ? What it do 4 employment ? What new industry ? What old industry ? FX (6) ; FX (3) - Wings : Who start ? Who popularized ?What gave industry boost ? when 1st passenger line ? FX ? (5) - Radio : Who invent ? for what ? 1st radio station : called ? where ? FX : (4) - Film : what’s 1st story on screen ? List another movie ? when ? WWI => propaganda. 1st Talkie : when ? FX : (3) - Other : 1st time urban > rural ; women advances (3) ; Modernists ; Freud & Freudians ; Jazz (where start ? who/ex ?) - Racial Pride : Harlem : what ? who/ex ? Garvey : what he do ? - Sex : one piece bathing suits, makeup - Lit : old generation peeps (3) ; new generation : what type o peeps ? (4) - Architecture : who ? what he believe ? what he build ? - Wall Street : 1920s : 100 banks failed why ? esp what state ? ; DC’s debt grew from ? to ? how solved? by who? INSERT TITLE - Harding : popular, inept, hate to hurt friend’s feelings => leeches !!; say Harding’s front for industrialists. - Who is cabinet : Sec o State ? Treasury ? Commerce ? Interior ? Attorney General ? Which 2 worst leeches ? - S. Ct : Harding appointed how many o 9 S. Ct judges ? what were they ? Who was a good choice ? - Which progressive legislations X’ed ? (3) (why women’s min wage X) ; antitrust laws ignored ; ICC dom by RR - What about big industrys ? What did Hoover urge them to do ? - Economy : which industries return to ppl ? (2) w/ what acts ? (2) ; - Labor : X gov support ; Striker seen as ? RR cut ?% o wage ? when ? ; but Veterans : (2) groups & (1) act - League : what US do now that its out of it ? why ? ; Disarmament : what US do contrary ? Who & where this affect ? - Disarmament Conf., DC : who attend ? what they do ? 5-pwr, 4-pwr, 9-pwr treaty what it do ? why it false ? (2) - 1928 : Kellog Briand - Tariff : why higher ? Which tariff ? Which group ? how much it raise ? Eu’s predicament after war ? (2) Eu. FX : (3) - Return to Scandals : Forbes, Teapot Dome Scandal, Daugherty : when ? what happened ? FX/Punishment ? - When did Harding die ? - Coolidge : very Repub. : how ? (3) ; good leader ? What FX scandal have on him ? Public opinion ? US prosperity ? - Farmers : why Farmers in trouble now ? ?% farms sold in 20s ? => (1) org, (1) act, (1) bill - 1924 election : 3 candidate & parties ? Demo : how split ? (3)+ ; Progressive : platform (5) ; FX ? - Foreign Pol : Where disarmed ? FX ? (2) when ? What’s trouble w/ MX ? What Coolidge do ? What South rxn ? - Internat’l debt : how much ? who owes it to US? what’s their justifications for « pay up ! » ? (3) What US do ? REA : Hoover Election o 1928 : Hoover (R) : end poverty v. Smith (D, Cath, wet) : attack prohibition & bigotry (S. ) Stock Boom & Crash : 1924 : start up (DJ : 120); ‘28-29 : really go up (DJ : 381) ; ‘29 : X ; ‘31 : (DJ : 41) ; ’33 : end Cause o GD : stock on margin ; Recession pre-29 : farm, coal, RR< textile, construction, auto ; laid off, & 1929 Great Depression: Eco : 19291932: GNP: $104 bil $56 bil; Unemployment13mil; 22% o banks failed - Social : lost job/home/car; marriage/birth rate decline; homeless=>Hooverville; malnutrition => X o disease - Hoover Policies: Agricultural Marketing Act (Fed. Farm Board); Hawley-Smoot Tariff; RFC; Fed. Home Loan Bank Act; Bonus Army; Farm Holiday Association - Bel: Voluntarism (no lay off, no strike); charity; No Bel: fed fund for needy; indirect relief - Election o 1932: Hoover (R): gold, high tariff, aloof/cold - FDR (D) new deal, repeal o proh., gov’t aid, 25% cut in gov spending, “forgotten man”; accept nom. Inperson Great Depression & New Deal: 1933-1938 - What did Lame Duck try to do? - FDR & 3R: What he do initially? (2); Short term goal? (2) Long term? (1) ; Congress is ready to…? - $ & Bank Ref: Which acts? (2) ; what’s “fireside chat”; Gold: ask for ? which led to ? how so? When? - Jobs: ?% jobless; What Acts? (2) What Org.? (3) what they do? - Anti ND people: (3) what they do? - (REA): Small Business: (ND gave control to big business); elderyly (nothing done for them); tenant/sharecroppers - Industry & Labor help: What (2) Admins? short/long term? - NRA: how help: industry? (2) Labor? (2); FX: (2) Critix: “nuts running US” Who’s Schecter? And local business? - PWA: who head? How much $ on what project? (3) - Alcohol: 1933: repeal o 18th => how benefit federal gov’t? how? - Farm: problems w/ farm? (3) Acts? (3) what do? - AAA: where $ from? What $ do? How shaky start? What happened to it? - Dust Bowl: where? Factors that caused it (beside weather)? (2) How many migrants? => Act? (1) Admin? (2) Did? - What about Indians: What act? How many “yes”? How many “no”? - Bank/Business: curb money changers via… What Act? (2) What Org? - Tenn. RV: what went up? => who ? b/c…? (4) => What org? did? FX? (3) => prosperity; Critix say…? - Housing: Act? Org? what it do? - Social Security: What Act? who it? Why? - Strike-related stuff: What act? AKA? what it do? What unions organized? What strike in ’36? FX? How come? - What did US Steel Co do different? Memorial Day Massacre when? What happened? => what Act? : set what? (2) exclude whom? (6) - How did Unions affect FDR’s election? When CIO change? What’s the change? - 1936 election: Who ran against FDR? What his strengths? (2) FDR sweeped which groups supported him? (4) - FDR & Supremem Court: What he ask to do? Why? (S. Ct. thwart 7/9 cases w/ ND) - Court changes: which justices change to liberal? (2) What they do? (3) FDR appoint ?# o justices? How he lost? - Depress’n in Dep.: when? Why? Unemp: ?%; FDR say: Keynesianism what? What saved FDR from spendocracy - FDR down, Cong up: What act? What it do? When? What other act? What it do? (3) - Overall: Critix: ND make US Bolshevik, dummy Cong; business: ND too progressive; Rep: dictator!; WWII solve GD FDR & Shadow o War: 1933-1941 - London Conference: why held? What’s FDR’s POV? - Philippines’ Freedom: Why US free it? (2) What Act freed Philippines? Phillipin rxn? Jap. Rxn? - Why Recognize Russia now? (2) - What’s policy toward LA now? What conference held to officiate this policy? When release: Cuba? Haiti? Panama? - What is problem in MX? FX? - Trade: Hall’s Reciprocal Trade Agreement (tariff down, two way, barriers => war) which act? Did? FX? - Meanwhile: Who’s Rome-Berlin Axis? It Ethiopia. - Isolation: What’s the first act? What it say? What it incite? Subsequent Acts o Neutrality? (4) + (1) what say? FX? - Who are “merchant of death”; Who against war? ; Midwest & Republican most against war? ; - Loyalist Spain: Fascist Fraco v. Loyalist: What’s US’s Rxn? FX? - Why FDR called war monger: what he do exactly? - US Appease: How US appease Jap? Quaranteen Speech what say? US Rxn? Jap Rxn? Germ appease? (7, ARASP) - GB & Fr. & Russ & Germ what’s up with that? Lead to which Neutrality Act? how not really neutral? - Fr Falls : nicknamed (?) war? => US send how much for what supplies? - What induced US to increase air & navy? (2) how much $ alloted? Consciption Law. Havana Conf. - What led to US fighting? GB need destroy so…? Rxn: & , why ? - 1940 Election: What’s big deal about this one? Wilkie: who he? What he do? Critix o FDR say? - What ended US neutrality? => Germans attack US ships - Meanwhile: Germ control Balkan => Stalin => Germ invade SU (1941) - Atlantic Conference: who met? When? What written doc resulted? what it say? (5) what’s FDR’s 4 freedom? Leading up to WWII: (REA): ANP GUNE I ARD ( Greer, Kearny, Reuben James) Japan: Japan invade where? Embargos? (2); Why FDR reluctant to embargo? 2 times try peace conf fail b/c Jap won’t leave China; Pearl: how many casualty? How many ships sunk? America in WWII: 1941-45 - War: Who to attack first? Why say Japan? Why say Germany? What happened to ND? What is the general sentiment? - Japanese Americans: how many moved to CC? What court case? - Building War Machine: Org? (3) Act? (1) - WPB: how many ships/day? What it halt production of? - Farmers? Why Economy strained & inflation? Led to creation o what org? - Why Unions grow? Led to what act? - Women: What is called women in army? Navy? Coast guard? How many women enlisted? How many men? - Worker shortage => which (2) groups fill in?; Women: ?# worked => gov’t day care; but majority…?; FX (4) - Migration: Boomtown what are they? Examples (2); What happened to S. Eco? - Blacks move where?: how many? Y? => race riot => What org. created what they do? ; ?% black in N in ‘70s - Blacks also move where? Why double V? FX o these two moves: NAACP grew ½ mill; CORE: militant - Indians move where? How many: in city (%)? In army? How WWII use Indian knowledge? - FX: Race Riots: (2) exampels - Home Front: Eco? GNP change from ? to ? What happen to wage? Macy: what happened? - Why price rise: 1946-8? Rise how much? - How gov’t Private: (6); War monies: what was “wartime welfare”? What it do? War Bill: did? FX? Debt: ? to ? - Back to Japan: Where Japan attack? (6); But Can’t Cory Meet Solomon Instead (of) Philip’s Little Golfing Man, OK? - Allies v. Hitler: What’s Hitler’s “wolf pack” how many ships it destroy in ’42? Radar. Enigma. - 1942: GB & US drop bombs on Germany; Desert Fox: who? When? Where? What? - Surrender when?: Italy? Germ? Japan? - Casablanca: who? Declared what?; Tehren: plan for what? Yalta? Potsdam? - 1944 election: Whose rep. Candidate? POV? (3); Demo. Candidate? VP?; BUT: FDR dies; when? - US Created and utilized “Weapons of Mass Destruction”: Which cities? Deaths in Hiroshima? - Allies Win: How many US casualties? Penicillan. Considered “Best Fought” in US History. Cold War Begins: 1945-52 - Postwar Eco: good or bad? Why/example? (5) What act slowed Union? How?; late 1940s: eco expanded tho - Operation Dixie: what is it? Why fail? When union peak? - 1946: What Demo Admin do w/ war factory & gov’t stuff?; Employment Act what it do? Council o Eco. Adviser - Long Eco Boom: when to when? stats (4); Wants: Am. Dream; MC: grew how much since pre-GD? Have TV, etc. - Women: jobs in (?) sector., but what was glorified? => what revolt? - Ref: (4); International Leaders Up; Why US all o sudden great? (6) - Sunbelt: pop up in which states? (4); Why? (3); Regional Congress Rep increase => what (2) spirit? - Suburb grew: which (2) org help surburb grow? What other causes for growth? (2); What this move called? Why? - Baby Boom => wave: ?# o babys by end o 50s? Birth Dearth Fert. Rate dn pop maintain by immi when? - Truman: describe the dude (4); What is the Yalta betrayal? Where US want SU to attack? What SU gain? Critix? (2) - How come SU hates US’ guts? (3) What they want: how they see it? How US see it? ; Similar traits o US & SU: (2) - Post War Eco: est’d what (3) org? UN: successes? (5) Where they find oil? - Germany: trials called? How many hung? Who really want Germany to pay? Why? 4 zones. Berlin Airlift: Y? FX? - CW (Cold War): Iran: what happened? Containment: by who? What it say? - Truman Doc: Why? How much $? Critix? W. Eu? Marshall Plan: how much $ in ?# o years? Where? FX? (2) - What is worst defeat in CW? List dates for US/SU: A-bomb, H-bomb? - 2nd Red Scare: What act? What Org. created to investigate? (2) Outcome? Court cases? (2) McCarthy? - Begin Rearm: Why? Which Act? What positions created? What org created? - Japan: Who control mil/demo-zation: How many Japanese Prison? ?# hanged? - 1948 election: Demo divided: b/t whom? parties? views? Who won? Why he won? (4) & who voted for him? (3) - Truman: Point Four: what? (1); 1949: Fair Deal (3) => Housing Act & Social Security Act what? When? - 1950 Korea: worst party o CW; What happened? What’s up b/t MacArthur & Truman? Eisenhower Era; 1952-60 - 1952 Election: Demo: why reputation down? Rep:Who w/ Who? - TV Politix: Ike: strong pts? (2) Promised…?; Nixon: What he charge opponents? What speech he do on TV? - How Ike end Korea? (4) steps; How’s Ike good guy? (4) - 1ST Problem: McCarthy: why he problem? How he fall? FX: condemned by Senate - Desegregate the South: Jim Crow; 20% vote; What happened to black veteran that cause stir? Emmil Till? - - Myrdal: (1944) An American Dilemna: all men created =; Advances: (4); Rosa Parks? King Jr? What inf. him? (4)\ Civil RT Seeds: Veteran lynching; When end seg. In federal civil service/army? Why?; Cong & Ike Civil RT - Who intervene for civil RT? What court case? Reverse which court case? - Which states comply? Deep south wrote Dec. o Const Principle (1956)? What it say? - Little Rock: What happened? When? FX: what Act? => what Org?; ML King set up what org? SNCC? Sit in? - Ike Republicanism: Stop spending so much on defense (10% o GNP); - Small gov’t: pwr over offshore oil to state; curb TVA (private co build plant) - Operation Wetback: round up a illegal immigrant (Bracero o WWII) => 1 mil MX return - What he do to Indians? Cancel Indian New Deal Dawes: most tribe resist => 1961: policy X - Highway Act FX: (4) Budget (balanced 3x): ’59: biggest peacetime deficit(5 mil jobless)Eco => Demo Cong. - Foreign: Rep: containment futile, need to Roll back, cut budget; - Dulles: who he? his policy? ; What happen @ Geneva Conf. (’55); 1956: Hung revolt, US won’t help; Hung mad - 1953: Krushchev denounce Stalin’s murder; 1956: US allow 430,000 Hungarian refugee - ‘Nam: Self-det de Fr; rebel is commu, 1954: Fr Garrison fell; Geneva Conf: divide @ 17 th ||; US help S. w/ $; SEATO - Middle East: Iran resist West Oil Co => CIA install dictator shah: who hated US - Suez Story: Prez Nasser want dam US/GB help Eg turn Commu Help X Nat’lize Suez - Fr/GB w/o US strike Israel but oil ran low; US withdraw & UN police force sent - Eisenhower Doc: Why? What it say? ; OPEC: Who in there? FX? - 1956 Election: Ike still won, but House & Cong. Not Ike’s Party - rely on Dulles (X o cancer) & Adam (leaves b/c o scandal); Labor: reform bill; Landrum Griffin Act? - Space Race: Sputnik I & II & dog => 4 mo later: 2.5 lb made by US: WEAK! => Edu better (fed scholarship) - CW Cont…1958: Stop Nukes: Mar: SU Stop, Oct: West stop; still untrusting - 1958: Lebannon: Commu (Egypt?) threaten to take over; Leb call for Eisenhower Doc => a decade to restore - 1959: Krushchev wann disarm. No way to achieve. - Camp David: ultimatum for evacuating Berlin is extended, say Krush - 1960: US spy plane U-2 shot in SU: eve o Paris Conf => SU storm out - Cuba Castro: (DC: better dictator than commu): 1959: Castro revolt v. Battista => US cut off import - End: 1960-90: 750,000 Cuban refugee; Propose Marshal Plan for LA: $500 mil - Sum up Ike: virgor, leadership; 1955-61: Ike control Leg; 2/169 veto overriden; prosper, expand (HI); No Civil RT - 1960 election: Kennedy (Space, R. Cath: S , N) v. Nixon (made VP more !): TV Debate: Ken won - Eco: homes up, suburb up, 1940: 1st big computer; 1956: 1st: white collar > blue collar; ideal house “cult o domestisity” - 1950: Credit card; ’60: TV up; Sports: more important; pop music: Elvis; Move start: Marioyn Monroe=> Playboy - Minds: prewar realist (Hemingway, Steinbeck); Poetry: critical, despairng; Play: William & Miller Kennedy, LBJ, Vietnam: -1965 - New Frontier: 60s: Civil RT, sex rev, youth, Vietnam, fem. Rev Stormy Sixites - Problem:1) Republic & S. Demo: don’t like his fed. Aid edu,medical care for aged, tax reduction no pass - Did get min wage raised & Housing Act - 2) Econmy: Ike’s reccession => Ken. Deal w/ inflation => ‘62: Noninf. Wage Agreement (Co. no raise price) steel idustry still raised price => Ken ; tax cut! more money - 1961: Europe: Berlin Wall; W. Eu w/ Marshall Plan -
