Download Part 1 (3 points each)

Earth History 870:035
Spring 2006
Exam 1
Name: ____________________
Part 1 (3 points each)
Read each question carefully and then consult the list of possible answers on the following
page. Fill in the number associated with the correct answer.
Answers
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Questions
1.Who is credited with developing the “Law of Faunal Succession”?
2. Which of Steno’s principles states that sedimentary strata are deposited as flat
or nearly flat layers?
3. What is the term for animals with a body cavity that houses their internal
organs?
4. What continental sedimentary environment produces a characteristic finingupward deposit?
5. What is the rigid outer layer of the Earth that includes the crust and the
uppermost part of the mantle?
6. What term refers to preserved evidence of animal activity such as fossilized
tracks, trails, and burrows?
7. Who named the Silurian System?
8. What is a submarine flow of dense, sediment-laden water moving downslope
under the influence of gravity?
9. What is the term for a fossil taxon that occurs abundantly in a variety of facies
over a large geographic area, is easily identified, and has a short stratigraphic
range?
10. What is an elongate, rigid, wave-resistant, organic structure that faces the
open ocean and is separated from the mainland by a lagoon?
11. What is the seaward migration of shoreline, usually caused by progradation?
12. What is a continental depositional environment characterized by a complex
network of interconnected channels that are separated by bars of mostly coarsegrained sediment?
13. What is a rock deposit that is the same age throughout its entire geographic
distribution?
14. What is the term for a natural group of taxa that share a common ancestor?
15. What name is given to forms of an element that differ in the number of
neutrons in their nuclei?
16. Sediment deposited directly by ice is called ______________?
17. What is the procedure by which the equivalency of stratigraphic units is
established on the basis of physical rock properties?
18. What is the boundary between the Earth’s crust and mantle?
19. What is the term for pelagic sediments made up of the calcium carbonate
skeletons of planktonic organisms?
20. Which of the six kingdoms of living things includes mushrooms?
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List of possible answers for Part 1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
alluvial fan
Archaeobacteria
arthropods
asthenosphere
atoll
barrier island
barrier reef
biostratigraphic correlation
brachiopods
braided stream
calcareous nannoplankton
caliche
carbonate platform
catastrophism
clade
coarsening-upward sequence
coelomates
conodonts
Cuvier, Georges
Darwin, Charles
diatoms
echinoderms
eukaryote
evaporites
fining-upward sequence
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
foraminifera
fringing reef
Fungi
half-life
Hutton, James
igneous rock
impression
index fossil
isotopes
key bed
Lapworth, Charles
lithologic correlation
lithosphere
Lyell, Charles
meandering stream
metamorphic rock
mineral
Moho
mold
mollusks
Murchison, Roderick
ooze
original horizontality
original lateral continuity
outwash
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
permineralization
progradation
prokaryote
Protista
radiometric dating
regression
rock
rock unit
Sedgewick, Adam
sedimentary rock
Smith, William
Steno, Nicholaus
superposition
taxonomy
till
time-rock unit
trace fossil
transgression
turbidite
turbidity current
unconformity
uniformitarianism
varves
Walther's law
Werner, Gottlob
21(a). Define the term “unconformity.” (b) List and briefly describe the three types of unconformities.
(10 pts)
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22(a). State Walther’s Law. (b) Use Walther’s Law to explain the vertical sequence of sediments that
would be produced by a prograding delta. (10 pts.)
23(a). List and briefly describe three types of fossil preservation. (b) Discuss the factors that affect the
likelihood of preservation (10 pts.).
3
24(a). Define the terms “geologic time unit” and “time-rock unit.” Discuss the relationship between
these two types of stratigraphic units. (10 pts)
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