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COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICE TEST
Later Middle Ages through the Industrial Revolution
1. The fourteenth-century English reformer
whose views were embodied in the Lollard
movement was
a. John Hus
b. Thomas Cranmer
c. Marsiglio de Padua
d. Thomas Aquinas
e. John Wyclif
2. The advances into central Europe by the
Ottoman Empire during the late-seventeenth
century were pushed back by
a. Louis XIV
b. Ferdinand II
c. Leopold I
d. Charles V
e. Maria Theresa
3. Which of the following was MOST
important in advancing constitutionalism in
Great Britain in the eighteenth century?
a. The strong leadership of the Hanoverian
kings.
b. The emergence of the Cabinet system of
government.
c. The development of a reformed judiciary.
d. The passage of the Act of Union.
e. The redistribution of seats in the House
of Commons.
4. Which of the following statements is true
regarding the Peace of Augsburg (1555)?
a. Calvinism was officially recognized as a
viable religion within the Holy Roman
Empire.
b. It failed to achieve peace in the German
states during the remainder of the
sixteenth century.
c. German princes were allowed to
determine whether their states would be
Catholic or Lutheran.
d. Switzerland gained its independence
from the Holy Roman Empire.
e. The Hapsburg-Valois Wars were
officially ended.
5. Which of the following statements is
accurate regarding the Treaty of Tordesillas
(1494)?
a. It allowed Spain to retain its outposts in
Africa and Asia.
b. It divided newly discovered lands
between Spain and Portugal.
c. It brought temporary peace to the major
Italian city-states.
d. It reduced papal influence in France.
e. It ended the religious wars between
England and Spain.
6. Baroque ideas and values were embodied
most profoundly in the work of
a. Gianlorenzo Bernini
b. Giorgio Vasari
c. Titian
d. El Greco
e. Jan Vermeer
7. All of the following statements regarding the
English Bill of Rights are true EXCEPT
a. it established a constitutional monarchy.
b. it forbade a standing army without
Parliament’s approval.
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AP European History First Semester Practice Test
c. it guaranteed habeas corpus.
d. it established Parliament’s control over
taxation.
e. it officially established the kingdom of
Great Britain.
8. Which of the following political philosophers
are correctly paired based upon the similarity
of their views regarding political power?
a. Hobbes and Voltaire
b. Bodin and Montesquieu
c. Quesnay and Rousseau
d. Locke and Bossuet
e. Paine and Burke
9. Which of the following sets of French
Revolutionary phases is in correct
chronological order (earliest to latest)?
a. Directory, National Assembly,
Legislative Assembly, Consulate,
National Convention
b. National Assembly, Legislative
Assembly, National Convention,
Directory, Consulate
c. National Convention, National
Assembly, Legislative Assembly,
Directory, Consulate
d. Legislative Assembly, National
Convention, National Assembly,
Consulate, Directory
e. National Assembly, National
Convention, Legislative Assembly,
Directory, Consulate
10. The Northern Renaissance differed from the
Renaissance in Italy in that
a. it lacked the strong financial foundation
provided by the city-states of Italy.
b. it was less affected by the emergence of
the printing press.
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c. it placed a greater emphasis upon
religious piety.
d. it drew more heavily on ancient Greek
and Roman traditions.
e. it reflected less of a preoccupation with
themes of death and disaster.
11. “… It is, then, much safer to be feared than
to be loved…for touching human nature, we
may say in general that men are untruthful,
unconstant, dissemblers, they avoid dangers
and are covetous of gain. While you do them
good, they are wholly ours… but when
(danger) approaches, they revolt.”
The above quotation is attributed to which of
the following?
a. Lorenzo Valla
b. Niccolò Machiavelli
c. Cesare Borgia
d. Cardinal Richelieu
e. Girolamo Savonarola
12. Which of the following statements is true
regarding the outcome of the War of the
Roses?
a. English territorial holdings in France
were lost.
b. Anglicanism was proclaimed the state
religion.
c. The Tudor dynasty came to the throne.
d. Monasticism in England was abolished.
e. The kingdoms of England and Scotland
were unified.
13. The specific abuse that Luther addressed in
his “Ninety-Five Theses” was
a. simony
b. the sale of indulgences
c. clerical marriage
d. absenteeism
e. nepotism
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AP European History First Semester Practice Test
14. The underlying goal of mercantilism was to
a. acquire colonies
b. promote social welfare through increased
economic activity
c. gain access to raw materials
d. maintain a favorable balance of trade in
order to increase the country wealth
e. pursue a policy of laissez faire in order to
promote free trade
15. The asiento, granted to Great Britain in the
Peace of Utrecht (1713), gave it
a. possession of Gibraltar
b. control over the African slave trade in the
Spain’s New World colonies
c. the right to unlimited trade in the Spanish
islands of the Caribbean
d. access to the East Indian spice trade
e. control of Spanish Florida
16. In which area did opportunities for upperclass women increase most during the Italian
Renaissance?
a. Access to education
b. Influence on society’s values
c. Ownership of property
d. Types of occupations held
e. Political power
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d. gave Russia a “window to the West” on
the Baltic Sea
e. destroyed the political influence of the
streltski
18. Martin
Luther’s
most
fundamental
theological idea was that
a. salvation was to be found in good works.
b. it was by faith alone and God’s grace that
salvation could be achieved.
c. people had no scriptural obligation to
obey secular rulers.
d. the sacraments of Baptism and the
Eucharist were essential to obtaining
God’s grace.
e. a strict hierarchical church structure was
needed to facilitate people’s spiritual
needs.
19. Which of the following statements is true
concerning the sans culottes during the
French Revolution?
a. They were impoverished peasants.
b. They were urban and village priests.
c. They were urban working class and
small-scale merchants.
d. They were nobles forced to flee to
neighboring countries.
e. They were members of the bourgeoisie.
20. As a result of the Tennis Court Oath,
representatives of the Third Estate swore to
a. overthrow Louis XVI
b. establish a republic
c. draft a constitution for France
d. break the ties between the French church
and the papacy
e. end feudalism
17. As a consequence of the Great Northern War,
Peter the Great
a. destroyed the political influence of the
“Old Believers”
b. drove the Turks from the northern shores
of the Black Sea
c. extended Russian holdings into central
Siberia
21. Which of the following figures provided the
foundation upon which Puritanism was
based?
a. Martin Luther
b. Philip Melanchthon
c. John Calvin
d. William Tyndale
e. Michael Servetus
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AP European History First Semester Practice Test
22. Which of the following statements regarding
Deism is NOT correct?
a. It rejected a literal interpretation of the
Bible and the divinity of Jesus.
b. It argued that God does not intervene in
the day-to-day affairs of people.
c. It argued that God created the universe
and is therefore the source of the physical
laws of nature.
d. It argued that revelation and faith were
important in understanding God’s laws.
e. It argued that the individual had the
freedom and rational ability to determine
what is good and evil and to choose
between them.
23. The English Navigation Acts, the first of
which was passed in 1651, were initially
designed to
a. encourage technological innovation that
would further the cause of exploration.
b. establish regulations for safer travel
aboard merchant ships.
c. charter trade companies to expand
England’s trade overseas.
d. prevent Dutch trade with England’s
colonies.
e. permit English ships to violate the
monopolistic practices of the Spanish
empire.
24. The Royal Society of London is associated
with which of the following?
a. Growing correspondence within the
scientific community.
b. Catholic tendencies of James II of
England.
c. Efforts to Christianize Native Americans
in the New World.
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d. Financing the establishment of colonial
settlements in British North America.
e. Financing commercial activities in the
Far East.
25. The long-term consequence of the Industrial
Revolution for the working class was to
a. raise their standard of living
b. increase the use of child labor
c. reduce the influence of labor unions
d. provide an easier means of entering the
middle class
e. increase the value of unskilled labor
26. Which of the following statements regarding
Catherine the Great is correct?
a. She introduced reforms easing the burden
on the serfs.
b. She inherited the throne from her father
Peter the Great.
c. She increased the use of torture against
dissidents.
d. She extended Russia’s territorial holdings
at the expense of the Black Sea region
e. She reduced the power of the nobility.
27. Which of the following was known as the
“Prince of the Humanists,” and in such works
as In Praise of Folly, criticized the clergy and
abuses that he saw in the Christian Church?
a. Jacques LeFevre d’Etaples
b. Thomas More
c. Rableis
d. Pico della Mirandola
e. Desiderius Erasmus
28. The sixteenth-century religious wars that
plagued France ended with the
a. rise to power of Louis XIV
b. Edict of Nantes
c. St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
d. Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis
e. Peace of Augsburg
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AP European History First Semester Practice Test
29. Which of these statements expresses a
fundamental
difference
between
the
philosophies of René Descartes and Francis
Bacon in the seventeenth century?
a. Bacon’s philosophy appealed to middle
class while Descartes favored the
nobility.
b. Descartes
emphasized
deductive
reasoning and was therefore less bound to
observation.
c. Bacon refuted the concept of inductive
logic and was more bound to Christian
dogma.
d. Descartes’ philosophy left no room for
the consideration of the existence of God.
e. Bacon believed that absolute standards of
good and evil did not exist.
30. The Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama was
the first European to
a. circumnavigate the globe
b. reach the southernmost tip of Africa
c. establish missionary activity in Asia
d. touch upon the coast of Brazil
e. find an all-water route to India
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c. the nobility of France sought to enhance
its power.
d. a majority of the Frenchmen sought to
replace the monarchy with a republic.
e. the views of the philosophes weakened
faith in traditional values and institutions.
33. All of the following statements about
Cardinal Richelieu are true EXCEPT that he
a. sought to weaken the power of the
nobility
b. waged war on the French Jansenists
c. deprived the Huguenots of their religious
rights
d. supported the German Protestants in their
struggle with the Hapsburgs
e. instituted the intendant system
34. Galileo’s persecution by the Catholic Church
was largely brought about by his support of
which of the following?
a. Nicholas Copernicus
b. Johannes Kepler
c. William Harvey
d. Tycho Brahe
e. Isaac Newton
31. During the Renaissance, the most widely
read book of manners for the wealthy was
a. The Prince by Niccolò Machiavelli
b. The Book of the Courtier by Baldassare
Castiglione
c. Gargantua and Pantagruel by François
Rabeleis
d. The Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri
e. On the Dignity of Man by Pico della
Mirandola
32. All of the following have been advanced as
explanations for the coming of the French
Revolution EXCEPT
a. the bourgeoisie sought greater influence
in government.
b. the inefficient and corrupt regime of
Louis XVI led to widespread frustration
with the government.
35. Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal was
significant during the Age of Exploration
because he
a. financed the exploration of the west coast
of Africa
b. established colonies in Brazil
c. supported Pizarro’s expedition that ended
with the conquest of the Incas
d. established an important trading post in
Goa
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AP European History First Semester Practice Test
e. was the first to discover the Northwest
Passage to the Pacific Ocean
36. Johannes Kepler’s contribution to the
Scientific Revolution was his
a. presentation of a sound mathematical
proof supporting Ptolemy’s geocentric
theory
b. demonstration that all the planets in the
solar system move at a constant speed
c. demonstration that the surface of the
moon was not smooth
d. proof through mathematics that the orbits
of the planets are elliptical
e. demonstration of the errors in the
astronomical measurements of Tycho
Brahe
37. Which of the following statements
concerning the Protestant Reformation is
true?
a. It rejected many aspects of early
Christianity.
b. It weakened nationalistic feelings.
c. It strengthened the power of secular
rulers.
d. It resulted in the first Christian
missionaries seeking converts in the Far
East.
e. It weakened the hold of spiritual beliefs
on the minds of Europeans.
38. In An Essay Concerning Human
Understanding, John Locke held that human
knowledge was derived from
a. heredity and faith
b. conscience and emotion
c. intuition and moral law
d. environment and reason
e. divine inspiration and innate perception
39. Napoleon Bonaparte’s Continental System
had as its goal
a. the creation of a unified Germany
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b. the placement of his family members on
the throne of various European countries
c. the defeat of Britain through economic
warfare
d. a military alliance of various Frenchdominated states to wage war on Russia
e. the creation of a military force drawn
from many European states to undertake
the conquest of North America
40. Which was NOT true of Italian city-states
during the Renaissance?
a. Governments routinely promoted the
movement for Italian unification.
b. Their ruling elite shared an interest in
Roman antiquity.
c. The economy tended to be centered in
rural areas compared to countries in
Northern Europe.
d. Rulers undertook massive building
programs to flaunt their wealth and
power.
e. They denied political rights to all but a
small percentage of the people.
41. Which one of the following statements best
explains the political and military decline of
Poland by the late-eighteenth century?
a. Lack of parliamentary and judicial
systems
b. Difficulty
of
achieving
political
consensus due to the liberum veto
c. Devastation of the population due to
religious wars
d. Sharp economic decline due to failed
harvests and widespread famine
e. Aristocratic opposition to the excessive
power and ruthlessness of the Polish
monarchy
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AP European History First Semester Practice Test
42. In the seventeenth and early-eighteenth
centuries, the typical European marriage was
most often made by
a. two young people in their teens
b. two mature people, generally in their late
twenties
c. a girl in her teens and a young man in his
twenties
d. two people in their early twenties
e. a man in his forties and a girl in her teens
43. Viscount Charles Townshend’s contribution
to the Agricultural Revolution in England
was
a. inventing the seed drill
b. introducing enclosure of public lands
c. introducing turnips as part of crop
rotation
d. experimenting with selective breeding of
cattle
e. publicizing the agricultural
improvements made by others
44. Which of the following was a result of the
Civil Constitution of the Clergy during the
French Revolution?
a. The clergy was given a privileged
position in the Estates General.
b. The church was made a department of the
French state.
c. The clergy was allowed to marry.
d. The new doctrine of the French Church
was based on Protestantism.
e. The church was made completely
independent from the state.
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45. John Locke’s Two Treatises on Civil
Government approved of revolution provided
that
a. the revolution was not violent.
b. the government had violated property
rights
c. the equality of economic wealth had not
been achieved
d. the government had not held elections
e. the legitimacy of the monarchy was in
question
46. As a consequence of the English
Reformation, Henry VIII
a. ended the Catholic sacraments
b. disbanded the monasteries
c. brought moderate Protestant influences
into the church
d. radically altered the religious doctrines of
the church
e. strengthened the authority of the pope
over English churches
47. The enclosure movement of the seventeenth
and eighteenth centuries
a. sought to unify all Christians in one
church
b. sought to group factories closely together
for maximum efficiency
c. fenced in public land for private use
d. banned trade with non-European nations
e. banned emigration from Europe to North
America
48. “Écrasez l’infame,” Voltaire’s slogan of
“crush the infamous thing,” called for the
suppression of
a. the church
b. immorality
c. the French monarchy
d. censorship
e. French universities
49. Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s concept of the ideal
government was centered on
a. the general will
b. a strengthened monarchy
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AP European History First Semester Practice Test
c. a theocracy
d. abolition of the government
e. a utopia
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c. French Calvinists
d. Spanish Catholics
e. English Puritans
50. Which of the following was MOST
important in advocating for “divine right” of
kings under Louis XIV?
a. Cardinal Richelieu
b. Jean Bodin
c. Thomas Hobbes
d. Denis Diderot
e. Bishop Bossuet
55. Ferdinand and Isabella’s nationalistic
policies led to the expulsion from Spain of
large numbers of
a. Protestants
b. Catholics
c. Jews
d. Calvinists
e. Franciscans
51. The Pugachev Rebellion threatened the
monarchy of
a. Frederick the Great
b. Alexander I
c. Catherine the Great
d. Peter the Great
e. Ivan IV (“the Terrible)
56. During the Thirty Years’ War, the Lutheran
movement was saved from extinction by the
military intervention of which of the
following?
a. French king, Henry IV
b. English king, Henry VIII
c. Swedish king, Gustavus Adolphus
d. Austrian Emperor, Charles V
e. Spanish king, Philip II
52. Which of the following best characterizes
the Table of Ranks during reign of Peter the
Great?
a. It separated the Russian population into
distinct classes.
b. It set educational and performance levels
for civil servants.
c. It required the nobility to serve in the
Russian army.
d. It legalized serfdom.
e. It established a Russian parliament.
53. The British Chartist movement of the
nineteenth century drew much of its support
from the
a. nobility
b. middle class
c. small farmers
d. workers
e. factory owners
54. The victims of the St. Bartholomew’s Day
Massacre (1572) were
a. Dutch nobility
b. German peasants
57. Which one of the following best
characterizes the relationship between the
Commercial Revolution and the Italian
Renaissance?
a. The Commercial Revolution made
patronage of Florentine artists possible.
b. The Commercial Revolution was a result
of the Italian Renaissance.
c. The new merchant class of the
Commercial Revolution was more
interested in the secular world and less
interested in religion.
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AP European History First Semester Practice Test
d. The religious piety of the Italian
Renaissance was exported to Africa and
Asia.
e. The Commercial Revolution enriched
Italian farmers.
58. Jean-Baptiste Colbert did all of the following
to promote the French economy EXCEPT
a. build a large merchant fleet
b. build new roads and canals
c. enact protective tariffs and tolls within
France’s borders
d. provide state support to domestic
industries
e. destroy the remnants of power held by
the craft guilds
59. All of the following were important aspects
of the Catholic Reformation EXCEPT
a. the Index of Prohibited Books
b. the Augsburg Confession
c. the Italian Inquisition
d. the Council of Trent
e. the Society of Jesus (Jesuits)
60. Elizabeth I attempted to reduce religious
conflict in England through a compromise
creed of faith known as the
a. Act of the Six Articles
b. Test Act
c. Thirty-Nine Articles
d. Toleration Decree
e. Petition of Right
61. Which of the following was the first woman
in modern European history to advocate
more opportunities and influence for women?
a. Christine de Pisan
b. Isabella d’Este
c. Mary Tudor
d. Artemisia Gentileschi
e. Angela Merici
62. The Defenestration of Prague was a cause of
which of the following wars?
a. War of Spanish Succession
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b.
c.
d.
e.
Hundred Years’ War
War of Jenkins Ear
Thirty Years’ War
War of Austrian Succession
63. Hohenzollern authority in ruling Prussia
depended on the cooperation and support of
the
a. bankers
b. Junkers
c. courts
d. peasantry
e. intellectuals
64. The most powerful European ruler at the time
of the Protestant Reformation was
a. Francis I
b. Charles V
c. Philip II
d. Henry VIII
e. Henry IV
65. All of the following were preconditions for
the Industrial Revolution EXCEPT
a. adequate road and river systems.
b. a strong guild system.
c. an adequate supply of raw materials such
as coal and iron ore.
d. a spirit of entrepreneurship
e. sources of capital to build factories.
66. Which of the following best characterizes
Edmund Burke’s Reflections on the
Revolution in France?
a. It condemned the French Revolution as a
source of radical ideas later used in the
American Revolution.
b. It praised the French Revolution as a
sincere attempt to spread liberty and
promote equality.
c. It condemned the violence and anarchy of
the French Revolution.
d. It praised the French Revolution and
condemned the American Revolution.
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AP European History First Semester Practice Test
e. It assaulted the legitimacy of the Old
Regime.
67. Which of the following was most important
in causing the Price Revolution in the
sixteenth century?
a. The establishment of monopolies
b. The importation of New World silver and
gold into the European economy
c. The growth in Europe’s population
d. The wars of religion caused by the
Reformation
e. The emergence of the Dutch economy
68. Which school of thought is most closely
associated with the late-sixteenth-century
writer, Michel de Montaigne?
a. Religious dogmatism
b. Rationalism
c. Scholasticism
d. Skepticism
e. Neoplatonism
69. Which of the following monarchs instituted
the largest number of “Enlightened” reforms?
a. Catherine the Great
b. Louis XV
c. Maria Theresa
d. Frederick the Great
e. Joseph II
70. All of the following are true about the Star
Chamber courts of England EXCEPT
a. there were no juries.
b. the accused could not confront witnesses.
c. trials were public.
d. Henry VII used them to control the
nobility.
e. torture was used to obtain confessions.
71. Italian Renaissance art is most appropriately
described as
a. dramatic in action and emotion
b. classically restrained and symmetrical
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c. spectacular and deliberately
nonsymmetrical
d. Medieval in its ideals and execution
e. symbolic and preoccupied with the
afterlife
72. All of the following are true of the
“agricultural revolution” in seventeenth- and
eighteenth-century Europe EXCEPT
a. the amount of land under cultivation
increased.
b. the enclosure of common lands caused
significant demographic shifts.
c. some seed planting was done with
mechanical drills.
d. steam-powered plows greatly increased
yields.
e. the planting of clover and peas increased
soil fertility.
73. The achievements of the Jacobins included
all of the following EXCEPT
a. abolition of slavery in the French empire
b. voting rights to all adult males
c. adoption of the metric system
d. decreeing fixed prices on essential goods
while raising wages
e. distributing all land in rural areas among
the peasants
74. Which of the following statements regarding
the Colloquy of Marburg in 1529 is correct?
a. It was an attempt by the Catholic Church
to develop a strategy to combat the
Protestant movement.
b. It was a meeting which declared Luther
to be an outlaw throughout the Holy
Roman Empire.
c. It was a debate between Luther and
Zwingli which resulted in a formal split
within Protestantism.
d. It was an attempt by Charles V to
reconcile Luther to the Catholic Church.
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AP European History First Semester Practice Test
e. It was the primary reason for the fall of
Thomas Wolsey as Chancellor of
England.
75. During the second half of the seventeenth
century, the power of Brandenburg-Prussia
was enhanced primarily through the efforts
of
a. Ferdinand II
b. Frederick I
c. Frederick William “The Great Elector”
d. Leopold I
e. Charles VI
76. Which of the following statements is true
regarding the Treaty of Paris (1763)?
a. It resulted in the political and economic
collapse of Britain.
b. It elevated France as the greatest power
in the world.
c. It ended the expansionist wars of Louis
XIV and restored peace to Europe.
d. It marked the beginning of the decline of
the Spanish Empire as a first-rate power.
e. It removed France from North America.
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78. In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries,
mystics such as Thomas à Kempis
a. preached rebellion against the papacy
b. stressed the importance of the sacraments
c. laid the foundations for Protestantism’s
personal approach to worship
d. argued for the necessity of reforming the
Roman Catholic Church
e. had a universal and popular appeal
79. Which of the following statements is true
concerning Philip II of Spain?
a. He championed religious toleration of
Spanish Jews and Muslims.
b. He granted independence to the Spanish
Netherlands.
c. He established an alliance with England
against the Dutch Revolt.
d. He dedicated his reign to establishing
Catholic orthodoxy in Europe.
e. He suffered a naval defeated by the
Ottoman Empire at Lepanto.
80. The primary cause of the large increase in the
population of Europe in the eighteenth
century was
a. better medical care
b. increases in the food supply
c. immigration from the New World
d. government policies encouraging a high
birth rate
e. increased urbanizatio
77. The central religious issue in England
between 1534 and 1689 was the extent to
which
a. all Christian sects would have the right to
worship.
b. Puritanism would be adopted as the
official faith in England.
c. the Anglican Church would remain loyal
to the Roman Catholic Church.
d. Jews would be given political and
religious equality.
e. Protestantism would remain the dominant
force in the Church of England.
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