Download Bloodborne Pathogens and Prevention of Infection

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Identify common bloodborne pathogens.
Describe the risk of bloodborne
pathogens to health care workers.
List potentially infectious substances
and their modes of transmission.
Describe how personal protective
equipment and work practice controls
can be implemented.
Describe the health care worker’s role
in evaluation of workplace practices
and devices.
Describe post-exposure care.
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HIV
HBV
HCV
Others
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HIV – small
HCV – 900 annually
HBV – 9,000 annually
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 Blood
 Body
fluids that contain blood
 Semen
 Vaginal secretions
 Fluid from around an unborn baby
 Spinal fluid
 Fluid around the heart
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 Fluid
around the lungs
 Fluid
around joints
 Tissue
removed from the body
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Potentially Infectious
 Tears
 Saliva
 Sputum/nasal
secretions
 Emesis
 Urine
 Feces
Not Infectious
 Sweat
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 Sexual
contact
 Sharing
needles
 Transfusions
 Mom
 baby
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 Puncture
 Contact
 Mucous
wounds
with non-intact skin
membranes
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Universal Precautions – OSHA
Standard Precautions - CDC
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 After
touching blood, body fluids, secretions,
excretions, contaminated items
 After
gloves removed
 Between
patient contacts
 Waterless
antiseptic agents
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 When:
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Blood, blood products, cerebral spinal fluid,
semen, vaginal secretions or synovial fluid has
had contact with NON-INTACT skin or mucous
membranes.
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 When
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You have been stuck by a contaminated needle or
sharp object
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 The
following is NOT an exposure (unless
visible blood noted in the following)
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Feces, saliva, vomitus, sputum, sweat, urine,
nasal secretions, tears, blood on INTACT skin
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 Provided
by employer
 Application,
removal,
disposal
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 Handling
blood/body fluids
 Performing invasive procedure
 Touching non-intact skin
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 Correct
size
 Change
if contaminated
 Remove
 Utility
inside out
gloves
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 Used
when splashing expected
 Replace when wet
 Wash hands before removing
 Handle by side pieces
 Protective resuscitation equipment
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 Used
when splashing expected
 Remove
if soiled
 Remove
from inside and roll
 Nondisposable
laundered by employer
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 Sharps
 Lab
materials
 Decontamination
 Laundry
 Waste
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 Sharps
with engineered sharp injury
protectors
 Needleless
systems
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 Immediately
discard in sharps containers
 Do
not bend or break
 Do
not recap
 Do
not fill container past designated fill line
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 The
type and brand of device involved
 The department or area where the exposure
occurred
 An explanation of how the exposure occurred
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 Transport
specimens in leak proof containers
labeled biological hazard
 Place
warning labels on containers with
hazardous materials
 Do
not eat, drink, smoke, apply cosmetics, or
handle contact lenses where exposure likely
 Never
use pipettes with mouth suction
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
Put on gloves
 Wipe
up with towel
 Dispose
 Apply
of contaminated towel
bleach solution
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 Wear
gloves
 Place in impervious container if linen is to be
transported
 Label appropriately
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 Label
as biohazard
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 Wash
area
 Notify supervisor
 Consult physician ASAP
 Report incident
 Obtain medical counseling
 Keep records confidential
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 CLostridium
difficile (klos-TRID-e-uhm dif-uhSEEL), often called C. difficile or C. diff, is a
bacterium that can cause symptoms ranging
from diarrhea to life-threatening
inflammation of the colon. Most commonly
affects older adults in hospitals or in long
term care facilities and typically occurs after
use of antibiotic medications.
 May
require isolation of persons affected
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 Hand
washing: Health care workers should
practice good hand hygiene before and after
treating each person in their care.
 In
the event of a C. difficile outbreak, using soap
and warm water is a better choice for hand
hygiene, as alcohol-based hand sanitizers may not
effectively destroy C. difficile spores. Teach
visitors to practice good hand washing as well.
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 Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA) is a
bacterium responsible for several difficultto-treat infections in humans.
 To prevent the spread of staph or MRSA in
the workplace, employers should encourage
proper hand washing and sanitizing of
environmental surfaces and contaminated
equipment with EPA registered disinfectives.
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 Although
alcohol-based rubs remain somewhat
effective, a more effective strategy is to wash
hands with running water and an anti-microbial
cleanser with persistent killing action.
 Proper
disposal of isolation gowns is also necessary
 MRSA
can survive on surfaces and fabrics, including
privacy curtains or garments worn by care
providers
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 Hospital
staff and visitors wear disposable
gloves and gowns while in the room
 In
any setting, all surfaces should be carefully
disinfected with a product that contains
chlorine bleach
 People
who are hospitalized with C. difficile
should have a private room or share a room
with someone who has the same illness
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 Be
familiar with your facilities policies and
procedures regarding issues of safety and
infection control. Ask whenever you are
uncertain or have a question regarding these
issues.
 Be
Safe
 Practice Safety in the workplace
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 Bloodborne
pathogen risks
 Modes of transmission
 Personal protective equipment
 Work practice controls
 Evaluation of practices/devices
 Post-exposure care
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