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Algebra standard 9.2.1 Understanding the concept of function, and identify important features of functions and other
relations using symbolic and graphical methods.
Benchmark
Introduction of
concepts
1.Understand the definition of a function
Auto Technician
2. Distinguish between functions and other Standards 4.5, 9.1,
relations defined symbolically, graphically, 11.1
or
in tabular form.
Application
Example
Diagnose electrical/electronic
integrity of series, parallel and seriesparallel circuits using principles of
electricity; Inspect and test gauges
and gauge sending units for cause of
intermittent, high, low, or no gauge
readings; Diagnose incorrect
operation of motor-driven accessory
circuits; determine necessary action
Find the voltage if the current is
10amps and the resistance is 40 Ohm’s
Perform battery state-of-charge test;
Perform starter current draw test;
Perform charging system output test;
Diagnose charging system for the
cause of undercharge, no-charge, and
overcharge conditions, determine
necessary action
What are reasonable answers for a
battery charge test?
3. Find the domain of a function in a
real-world context.
Auto Technician
Standards 5.1, 6.1, 7.1,
7.2
4. Obtain information and draw
conclusions from graphs of functions
and other relations.
Auto Technician
Standards 4.6, 6.3, 9.1
Use wiring diagrams during diagnosis
of electrical circuit problems; Inspect
and test starter relays and solenoids;
Inspect and test gauges and gauge
sending units for cause of
intermittent, high, low, or no gauge
readings, determine necessary action
Based on the electrical diagrams, what
can you conclude about the current
flow?
8. Make qualitative statements about the
rate of change of a function, based on its
graph.
Auto Technician
Standards 5.1, 5.4, 6.1,
7.1, 7.2
Perform battery state-of-charge test;
Inspect, clean, fill battery; Perform
starter current draw test; Perform
charging system output test;
Diagnose charging system for the
cause of undercharge, no-charge, and
overcharge conditions. determine
necessary action
Based on the cell count in the battery
displayed, what can you conclude
about the total voltage?
Algebra Standard 9.2.2 Recognize linear, quadratic, exponential and other common functions in real-world and
mathematical situations; represent these functions with tables, verbal descriptions, symbols and graphs; solve problems
involving these functions, and explain results in the original context.
Benchmark
Introduction of
concept
Applications
Example
1. Represent and solve problems in
various contexts using linear functions
Auto Technician
Standards 4.5, 7.2
Diagnose electrical/electronic
integrity of series, parallel and
series-parallel circuits using
principles of electricity; Diagnose
charging system for the cause of
undercharge, no-charge, and
overcharge conditions
Find the voltage if the current is
10amps and the resistance is 40 Ohm’s
2. Represent and solve problems in
various context using exponential
functions, such as investment growth,
depreciation and populations growth.
Auto Technician
Standards 7.2
Diagnose charging system for the
cause of undercharge, no-charge,
and overcharge conditions
When performing a alternator output
test, what are the starting volts?
4. Express the terms in a geometric
sequence recursively.
Auto Technician
Standards 4.11
Check continuity and measure
resistance in electrical/electronic
circuits and components using an
ohmmeter; determine necessary
action
Determine and record the ohms as an
engine starts and idles
Algebra Standard 9.2.3 Generate equivalent algebraic expressions involving polynomials and radicals; use algebraic properties to
evaluate expressions.
Benchmark
1. Evaluate polynomial and rational
expressions at specified points in their
domains.
Introduction of
concept
Auto Technician
Standards 4.5
Applications
Example
Diagnose electrical/electronic
integrity of series, parallel and
series-parallel circuits using
principles of electricity
Find the voltage if the current is
10amps and the resistance is changing
Geometry Standard 9.3.1 Calculate measurements of plane and solid geometric; know that physical measurements depend on the
choice of unit and that they are approximations.
Benchmark
Introduction of
concept
Applications
Example
3. Understand that quantities associated
with physical measurements must be
assigned units.
Auto Technician
Standards 4.7, 4.9, 4.10,
4.11, 5.4, 5.5, 5.7
Demonstrate the proper use of a
digital multimeter (DMM) during
diagnosis of electrical circuit
problems; Measure source voltage
and perform voltage drop tests in
electrical/electronic circuits using a
voltmeter; Measure current flow in
electrical/ electronic circuits and
components using an ammeter;
Check continuity and measure
resistance in electrical/electronic
circuits and components using an
ohmmeter; determine necessary
action.
Measure source voltage and perform
voltage drop tests in
electrical/electronic circuits using a
voltmeter
5. Make reasonable estimates and
judgments about the accuracy of values
resulting from calculations involving
measurements.
Auto Technician
Standards 4.14, 4.15,
4.16.4.19, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1,
6.2, 6.3, 6.5, 7.1, 7.2, 7.5,
8.1, 8.3, 8.4, 9.1. 10.1.
10.2, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3
Measure and diagnose the cause(s)
of excessive key-off battery drain
(parasitic draw); Inspect and test
fusible links, circuit breakers, and
fuses; Repair wiring harness
(including CAN/BUS systems).
determine necessary action
Inspect and test fusible links, circuit
breakers, and fuses; determine
necessary action.
Geometry Standard 9.3.2 Construct logical arguments, based on axioms, definitions and theorems, to prove theorems and other
results in geometry.
Benchmark
1,Understand the role of definitions in
logical arguments.
Introduction of
concept
Applications
Example
Auto Technician
Standards 4.5
Diagnose electrical/electronic
integrity of series, parallel and
series-parallel circuits using
principles of electricity
Talking to the customer, the technician
must be able to define the terms to the
customer
Auto Technician
Standards 4.8, 4.9, 4.10,
4.11, 4.14, 5.2, 6.4, 7.4,
Check electrical circuits with a test
light; Measure source voltage and
perform voltage drop tests in
electrical/electronic circuits using a
When talking to the customer,
technicians will speak in a logical,
easy to follow manner.
1. Understand the role of undefined terms
in logical arguments.
2. Accurately interpret and use words and
phrases in geometric proofs such as
“if…then,” “if and only if,” “all,” and
“not.”
8.2
voltmeter; determine necessary
action
3. Assess the validity of a logical
argument or give counterexamples to
disprove a statement.
Auto Technician
Standards 4.8,4.9, 4.10,
4.11, 4.14, 5.2, 6.4, 7.4,
8.2
Check electrical circuits with a test
light; Measure and diagnose the
cause(s) of excessive key-off
battery drain (parasitic draw);
determine necessary action
Often times customers will come up
with their own theories of what is
wrong, or challenge what the
technician is telling them.
4. Express proofs in a form that clearly
justifies the reasoning, such as twocolumn proofs, paragraph proofs, flow
charts or illustrations.
Auto Technician
Standards 4.2, 4.8,4.9,
4.10, 4.11, 4.14, 5.2, 6.4,
7.4, 8.2
Identify and interpret
electrical/electronic system
concern; determine necessary
action.
When talking to the customer,
technicians will speak in a logical,
easy to follow manner.
5. Use technology tools to develop
mathematical reasoning skills in multistep problems. The tools may include
compass and straight edge, dynamic
geometry software, design software or
Internet applets.
Auto Technician
Standards 4.14, 6.4, 6.6,
7.4
Measure and diagnose the cause(s)
of excessive key-off battery drain
(parasitic draw); Remove and
install starter in a vehicle;
Differentiate between electrical
and engine mechanical problems
that cause a slow-crank or no-crank
condition; Remove, inspect, and
install generator (alternator);
determine necessary action.
By using data from technology tools,
the technician will arrive at a logical
conclusion as the root of excessive
key-off battery drain.
Geometry Standard 9.3.3 Know and apply properties of geometric figures to solve real-world and mathematical problems and to
logically justify results in geometry.
Benchmark
6. Apply the properties of congruent
and similar figures to solve problems
and logically justify results.
Introduction of
concept
Auto Technician
Standards 5.4
Applications
Example
Inspect, clean, fill, and replace
battery
How is the construction of a 12V and
24V battery differ even though they
look the same?
Data Analysis and Probability Standard 9.4.1 Display and analyze data; use various measures associated with data to draw
conclusions, identify trends and describe relationships.
Benchmark
Introduction of
concept
Applications
Example
1. Describe and compare data sets
using summary statistics, including
measures of center, location and
spread.
Auto Technician
Standards 4.2, 4.7, 4.13,
6.2, 7.4, 7.5
Identify and interpret
electrical/electronic system
concern; Demonstrate the proper
use of a digital multimeter (DMM)
during diagnosis of electrical
circuit problems; Locate shorts,
grounds, opens, and resistance
problems in electrical/electronic
circuits; Perform starter circuit
voltage drop tests determine
necessary action.
What is the possible spread of DMM
readings?
2. Analyze the effects on summary
statistics of changes in data sets.
Auto Technician
Standards 4.1
Complete work order to include
customer information, vehicle
identifying information, customer
concern, related service history,
cause, and correction
What will happen the charge time
when you change the resistance in a
battery charger?
3.Use scatterplots to analyze patterns
Auto Technician
Standards 5.4
Inspect, clean, fill, and replace
battery
Graph the battery reserves for different
batteries based on similar ampere
ratings.
Data Analysis and Probability Standard 9.4.2 Explain the uses of data and statistical thinking to draw inferences make
predictions and justify conclusions.
Benchmark
Introduction of
concept
Applications
Example
1. Evaluate reports based on data
published in the media by identifying
the source of the data.
Auto Technician
Standards 4.1, 4.2, 4.17,
4.18, 4.19, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3,
5.5, 5.8, 6.1, 6.2, 6.4, 6.5,
7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.5, 8.1, 8.2,
8.3, 8.4, 9.1, 9.2, 10.1,
10.2, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3,
11.4, 11.5
Complete work order to include
customer information, vehicle
identifying information, customer
concern, related service history,
cause, and correction; Research
applicable vehicle and service
information, such as
electrical/electronic system
operation, vehicle service history,
service precautions, and technical
service bulletins; Remove and
replace terminal end from
connector; Perform battery stateof-charge test; determine necessary
action.
Every battery company claims to be
the best battery, so how can we tell
which one is best?
2. Explain misleading uses of data.
Auto Technician
Standards 4.1, 4.2, 5.1,
5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 6.1, 6.4, 6.5.
6.6, 7.1, 7.2,
Complete work order to include
customer information, vehicle
identifying information, customer
concern, related service history,
cause, and correction; Research
applicable vehicle and service
information, such as
electrical/electronic system
operation, vehicle service history,
service precautions, and technical
service bulletins;
Many customers will come in with
their hearts set on getting the biggest
battery possible because they saw it on
a sommercial, why is this not a good
idea?
3. Explain the impact of sampling
methods during data collection.
Auto Technician
Standards 4.3, 54
Diagnose electrical/electronic
integrity of series, parallel and
series-parallel circuits using
principles of electricity; Inspect,
clean, fill, and replace battery.
In order to figure out what claims are
valid, we need to figure how they got
their data and who is paying the
celebrities to endorse them.
Data Analysis and Probability Standard 9.4.3 Calculate probabilities and apply probability concepts to solve real-world and
mathematical problems.
Benchmark
1. Select and apply counting
procedures, such as the multiplication
and addition principles and tree
diagrams, to determine the size of a
sample space (the number of possible
outcomes).
Introduction of
concept
Auto Technician
Standards 4.1, 4.5, 4.13,
5.4
Applications
Example
Complete work order to
include customer
information, vehicle
identifying information,
customer concern, related
service history, cause, and
correction; Diagnose
electrical/electronic integrity
of series, parallel and seriesparallel circuits using
If you just carry 2 brands of
batteries that come in 2 different
sizes with 7 different cold cranking
amps, how many batteries is that
total?
principles of electricity
8. Apply probability concepts to realworld situations to make informed
decisions.
Auto Technician
Standards 4.3, 4.5, 4.8,
4.9, 4.10, 4.11, 4.13,
4.14, 4.15, 5.4, 6.3, 7.4,
11.1
Research applicable vehicle
and service information, such
as electrical/electronic system
operation, vehicle service
history, service precautions,
and technical service
bulletins; Diagnose
electrical/electronic integrity
of series, parallel and seriesparallel circuits using
principles of electricity;
Check electrical circuits with
a test light ; Measure source
voltage and perform voltage
drop tests in electrical\
electronic circuits using a
voltmeter; determine
necessary action
What are the probability that a
customer would come in with a
blown horn fuse twice given that
your first diagnosis was a short in
the after market stereo wiring?
9. Use the relationship between
conditional probabilities and relative
frequencies in contingency tables.
Auto Technician
Standards 5.1, 6.1, 6.6,
7.1
Perform battery state-ofcharge test; determine
necessary action; Perform
starter current draw tests;
Differentiate between
electrical and engine
mechanical problems that
cause a slow-crank or nocrank condition; Perform
charging system output test;
determine necessary action
If 1 out of 1000 batteries is
defective, what is the probability
that the same customer would
come in with 2 defective batteries?