Download Skin Flashcards

Skin Flashcards
1. Name the four organs of the INTEGUMENT
SYSTEM
1. Organs
a. Skin
b. Hair
c. Nails
d. Glands
2. What are the 3 layers of the skin?
a. EPIDERMIS
b. DERMIS
c. HYPODERMIS
3. What layer of the skin provides strength to the skin? Epidermis
4. What layer of the skin provides protection to the
skin?
5. Which layer of the skin has no vascularization?
6. How does the epidermis get its nutrients?
7. What layer of the skin are nails made in?
8. How many layers does the epidermis have and what
are they?
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What is the deepest layer?
What is the most superficial layer?
What layer is only present in thick skin?
9. In what layer of the epidermis do cells start to die?
10. Why do most cells in the epidermis die?
11. The main difference between thick skin and thin
skin relates to the thickness of this layer.
12. This layer of the epidermis is only on the palms and
soles and it is directly under the stratum corneum
13. Which layer has cells that provide
protection from uv light?
14. What are the 3 major types of Skin Cancer?
 Which is most common, least common?
 Which is the most deadly, least deadly?
15. What is the major risk factor for skin cancer?
16. Which type of cancer is most easily cured and
almost never metastasizes?
 Which skin cancer is the most likely to metastasize?
17. What is Eczema?
18. What causes it?
19. What is the most frequently occurring form of
eczema?
20. What is the name for severe dandruff?
 What causes it?
21. What is Psoriasis caused by?
Epidermis
Epidermis
It absorbs nutrients from the tissues deep to it
epidermis
All epidermis has four layers (thick skin has a fifth
layer):
 Stratum basale (deepest layer of epidermis)
 Stratum spinosum
 Stratum granulosum
 Stratum lucidum (only in thick skin)
 Stratum corneum (most superficial layer of
epidermis)
Startum granulosum
Lack of nutrients because they are now too far from
nutrient source in connective tissue
Stratum corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Lucidum
BASAL CELL CARCINOMA (most common, least
deadly; symptoms are easily seen shiny nodules on the
nose)
2) SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
3) MELANOMA (least common, most deadly)
Major risk factor is UV light
BASAL CELL CARCINOMA usually doesn’t
metastasize
MELANOMA usually metastasizes
• Itchy red skin that comes and goes.
• Caused by an autoimmune reaction.
• The most frequently occurring form of eczema
is atopic dermatitis.
• Seborrheic dermatitis
• Caused by an allergy to the fungus that we all
have around our hair roots.
• Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease of the skin
Skin Flashcards
22. What are the symptoms?
23. What skeletal condition is associated with it in
some cases?
24. What are the two layers of the dermis?
25. What specific layer is responsible for fingerprints,
and what layer of the skin is it in?
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
What is the strongest layer of the epidermis?
What is the strongest layer of the dermis?
What is the strongest layer of the skin?
What layer of the SKIN is responsible for stretch
marks?
Where are all the glands of the body located?
What layer of the skin is the area that a transdermal
patch must reach?
Doctors make incisions on the body based on the
lines of cleavage of the skin. This is based on the
structure of which layer of the skin?
What are three functions of the HYPODERMIS?
34. What cosmetic surgical procedure is performed in
the hypodermis?
35. What type of tissue is cellulite?
36.
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What are the three types of burns?
Which is the most serious?
Which is a sunburn?
Which is a blister?
Which needs a skin graft?
37. What are 2 reasons why deep burns are so
dangerous?
38. What pigment produces brown coloration to the
skin?
39. What is the medical term for a bruise?
40. What is Cyanosis?
41. What part of the hair follicle is the site of hair
growth and the location of the melanocytes that
determine hair color?
•
Symptoms include silvery flakes on the elbows,
knees, and scalp which are NOT itchy.
• Some patients also develop psoriatic arthritis,
which shows as a pencil-in-cup appearance of
the MPJ’s in the fingers and toes, from the
phalanges eroding at the joint.
1. PAPILLARY LAYER (Papillary = “Pimple” Has
bumps)
2. 2) RETICULAR LAYER
The PAPILLARY LAYER is in the DERMIS and is the
actual layer responsible for the fingerprints.
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Stratum spinosum
Reticular layer
Epidermis
Dermis
The DERMIS
The DERMIS
The DERMIS
Functions of the hypodermis
1) Stores fat
2) Cushions
3) Insulation of heat from blood vessels in this layer.
 Liposuction is performed in the hypodermis.
There is no such thing as cellulite. Therefore, it is
not a type of adipose or connective tissue, and it
does not exist as a particular region of the skin.
Three types:
 FIRST DEGREE: Minor burn to the epidermis;
sunburn
 SECOND DEGREE: Dermis separates from
epidermis; blister
 THIRD DEGREE: Hypodermis is burned. (most
severe type of burn; needs a skin graft)
1)Infection
2) Dehydration: nothing to keep fluid in body.
MELANIN: (dark brown pigment). More melanin,
darker the skin.
CONTUSION: “Bruise”
CYANOSIS: Bluish color to skin.
Caused by superficial blood vessel constriction in the
dermis or lack of blood flow to skin
the hair matrix
Skin Flashcards
34. What glands that are found all over the body?
34. What do sebaceous glands secrete?
35. What glands secrete sweat?
35. How do pimples begin?
34. What is the black part of a blackhead caused by?
36. What causes boils?
How do boils differ from pimples?
35. What are nails made of?
36.
37. What is the proximal nail fold called?
38.
What is the white half-moon visible under the
proximal part of a fingernail?
39. What 4 types of SKIN GLANDS are there?
40. What is Melanoma?
41. What are MALIGNANT tumors?
 What does METASTASIZE means?
42. What is a carcinogen? What are some examples?
43. What is a mutagen?
44. Thick, red, sometimes painful scars. More coming
in African American, Native American, and Asian
races. Treated with cortisone shots.
SEBACEOUS (oil) and ECCRINE (sweat) GLANDS
 Produce sebum (oil that coats the hair and
epidermis)
Eccrine glands
 Pimples begin when oil gland ducts (sebaceous
glands) become blocked by viscous (thick) sebum.
The black part of a blackhead is oxidized sebum
Boils are caused by bacteria that enter a gland and
invade into the hypodermis.
Boils involve the hypodermis and are larger than
pimples
 Nails are made of keratin (not calcium or collagen)
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Eponychium
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lunula
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SEBACEOUS (oil)
ECCRINE (MEROCRINE) GLANDS (sweat)
APOCRINE GLANDS (produce a secretion to
coat pubic and axillary haris, and also produce
pheromones)
o MAMMARY GLANDS (special type of
apocrine gland, but produces milk)
 CERUMINUS GLANDS (wax)
A tumor developing in the pigment-forming cells
(melanocytes) of the skin.
MALIGNANT tumors are cancerous cells that
metastasize
Metastasize means to spread and invade
 CARCINOGEN is an environmental agent that
contributes to cancer. Not everyone exposed to it
for a long time will get cancer. Examples of a
carcinogen: sun radiation, tobacco, toxic
chemicals, and viruses.
 MUTAGEN - an agent that always increases
chances of DNA change or mutation if you are
exposed to too long. Examples are x-rays and
nuclear radiation.
Keloid Scars