Download Chapter 11

Chapter 11
1.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
A pseudocoelom lacks
peritoneum and mesenteries.
muscles.
a digestive tract.
excretory organs.
reproductive organs.
2. __________ is a condition in which cells, or the nuclei in syncytia, are constant in
number for the entire animal, and for a given organ for all members of the species.
A) Neoteny
B) Eutely
C) Protandry
D) Autotomy
E) Protogyny
3. Various hypotheses have been proposed concerning the phylogeny of the aschelminths.
Which of the following is not a characteristic shared by members of the phyla
comprising this group?
A) cuticle
B) muscular pharynx
C) true coelom
D) adhesive glands
E) lack of segmentation
4.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The osmoregulatory organs of most aschelminths are
malpighian tubules.
metanephridia.
renettes.
protonephridia.
kidneys.
5. The aschelminths are the first animal group discussed so far to possess a thin, tough
outer covering called the
A) skin.
B) tegument.
C) pellicle.
D) epidermis.
E) cuticle.
Page 1
6.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The process of shedding the outer body covering is called
autotomy.
ecdysis.
syncytialism.
metamorphosis.
lysis.
7. The haploid mictic eggs of some rotifers, if not fertilized, develop parthenogenetically
into
A) dormant eggs.
B) males.
C) females.
D) winter eggs.
E) haploid larvae.
8. Rotifers derive their name from a characteristic ciliated structure called the __________
located on the head.
A) mastax
B) corolla
C) gastrotrich
D) corona
E) proboscis
9. The rotifer pharynx contains a unique muscular structure called the __________ in
which food is ground and macerated.
A) odontophore
B) crop
C) gizzard
D) radula
E) mastax
10.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Rotifers and other aschelminths exchange respiratory gases
across the body surface.
through gills.
through lungs.
with a tracheal system.
with dermal branchiae.
11. In rotifers, two different kinds of eggs are produced. These are __________ and
__________eggs.
A) fertile, infertile
B) mictic, amictic
C) nucleated, unucleated
D) large, small
E) shelled, unshelled
Page 2
12. In the rotifer class Bdelloidea, all females are __________, producing diploid eggs that
hatch into diploid females.
A) protandric
B) protogynous
C) parthenogenetic
D) isomictic
E) mictic
13.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
In the rotifer class __________, amictic eggs develop exclusively by parthenogenesis.
Phasmidia
Secernentea
Seisonidea
Monogononta
Bdelloidea
14.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The wide distribution of rotifers in lakes can be attributed to
resting eggs which can withstand adverse conditions.
the distribution of eggs by wind.
the distribution of eggs by the feet of waterfowl.
ability to reproduce parthenogenetically.
all of the answers are correct.
15. Some rotifers have a “shell” composed of a thickened cuticle, called the __________,
that functions in protection.
A) test
B) lorica
C) ossicles
D) periostracum
E) umbo
16.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Rotifers are
primarily marine.
relatively large.
characterized by a corona and mastax.
characterized by populations dominated by males.
not eutelic.
17.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Kinorhynchs are found exclusively in __________ environments.
terrestrial
freshwater
marine
stagnant pond
rapidly flowing stream
Page 3
18.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The neck of a kinorhynch has spines called
plastids.
phasmids.
placids.
scalids.
amphids.
19.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The phylum name Kinorhyncha refers to
their bioluminescence.
their lack of spines.
their posterior spines.
their degenerate nervous system.
their method of burrowing.
20. The aschelminths known as the __________ are some of the most abundant aminals on
earth.
A) nematodes
B) rotifers
C) kinorhynchs
D) gastrotrichs
E) nematomorphans
21.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Much of the success of nematodes is due to their
hydrostatic skeleton.
well-developed circular and longitudinal muscles.
outer, noncellular, collagenous cuticle.
ciliated covering.
parthenogenetic reproduction.
22.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The nematodes are commonly known as
flatworms.
segmented worms.
round worms.
beard worms.
tongue worms.
23. Structures that function in chemoreception and are found at the anterior and posterior
ends of nematodes are the
A) spicules and lips.
B) bursa and the nucleus.
C) scalids and the placids.
D) zonites and the maxtax.
E) amphids and the phasmids.
Page 4
24.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Nematodes are typically
dioecious and dimorphic.
monoecious and dimorphic.
dioecious and amorphic.
monoecious and monomorphic.
monoecious and amorphic.
25. In the osmoregulatory/excretory system of aquatic nematodes, ventral gland cells called
__________ are located posterior to the pharynx.
A) coxae
B) renettes
C) protonephridia
D) kidneys
E) amphids
26.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The pinworm, Enterobius vermicularis, commonly infects humans when
infective larvae bore through the soles of the feet.
metacercaria are taken in while eating raw fish.
poorly cooked pork containing infective larvae are consumed.
eggs containing infective larvae are consumed.
mosquitoes carry microfilaria from host to host.
27.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
One method of avoiding infection by Trichinella spiralis is to
use insect repellents to prevent mosquito bites.
wash and peel raw vegetables before eating them.
wear shoes.
purify water before drinking it.
cook pork thoroughly before eating it.
28.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
A human condition caused by filarial worms is called
elephantiasis.
trichinosis.
brucellosis.
sclerosis.
dermatitis.
29.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
A filarial worm which infects dogs, particularly common in the United States, is
pinworms.
mange.
ringworm.
heartworm.
tapeworms.
Page 5
30.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Members of the phylum Nematomorpha are commonly called
pinworms.
hookworms.
horsehair worms.
heartworms.
spiny-headed worms.
31.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Adult nematomorphs are freeliving; the larvae are
found in benthic marine habitats.
parasitic in the respiratory systems of vertebrates.
found in the lymph system of humans.
parasitic in arthropods.
encysted in muscle tissue of mammals.
32.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Acanthocephalans are commonly called
roundworms.
blood worms.
flatworms.
probosis worms.
spiny-headed worms.
33. Covering the tegument of acanthocephalans is a __________, consisting of
mucopolysaccharides and glycoproteins.
A) glycocalyx
B) lorica
C) sheath
D) cuticle
E) pellicle
34.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Like the tapeworms, acanthocephalans lack
a nervous system.
a digestive tract.
muscles.
a reproductive system.
a cuticle.
35.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The acanthocephalan larval stage that emerges from the egg is called a/an
acanthella.
cysticercus.
acanthor.
cystacanth.
coelocanth.
Page 6
36.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The most recent aschelminth phylum to be described is the phylum
Lobatocercebrida.
Placozoa.
Ctenophora.
Loricifera.
Gnathostomulida.
37.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The spiny head of a loriciferan is called the
introvert.
proboscis.
acanthor.
corona.
acanthocephala.
Page 7