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Name _______________________________________ Biology- ____ Date__________ 9 Weeks Test Review 1-3 Draw a picture of a cell in each solution. Use arrows to represent the movement of water AND explain what would happen to the cell. HYPOTONIC ISOTONIC HYPERTONIC 4. Pictured to the right is a lipid bilayer embedded with a channel protein. What is that protein responsible for? Transporting large molecule across the membrane that do not easily or readily diffuse. 5-14 Give the function OR NAME of the organelle. Ribosome Site of protein synthesis Vacuole Large sac for storage of water, minerals, wastes found in plants Nucleus Control center of the cell, contains the blueprint for protein production. Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell, site of cellular respiration, production of ATP Golgi Body Packages and sorts proteins & other materials for transport Centriole Found in animal cells, used for cell division Lysosome Found in animals, vesicles that contain enzymes to breakdown waste or old cell parts Chloroplast Filled with cholorophyll in plant cells, used for photosynthesis Nucleolus Site of ribosome production Plasma Membrane Selectively permeable phospholipid bilayer 15. An isotonic solution is the result of equal concentrations of a solute on both sides of a membrane. What happens to the movement of the molecules when this occurs? The movement of molecules stops when the concentration is equal on both sides of the membrane. 16- 23 Complete the chart below Diffusion Passive/Active Passive Phagocytosis Active Protein Pump Active Active Endocytosis Facilitated Diffusion Pinocytosis Osmosis Exocytosis Passive Active Passive Active Short definition Movement of molecules from high low concentration across the cell membrane “Cell eating” Cell engulfing large molecules from outside the cell and bringing them in within a vessicle Moving charged ions across the cell membrane from lowhigh concentration Moving a molecules into the cell lowhigh with the use of Energy ATP Movement of large molecules across a protein channel from highlow concentration without the use of Energy “cell drinking” The cell takes IN extracellular fluid and small molecules. Movement of water from highlow No ENERGY Movement of molecules outside of the cell cell getting rid of wastes. Example Diffusion of air freshener across the room White blood cell eating bacteria Sodium/Potassium Pump White blood cell eating bacteria Glucose molecules moving across cell membrane Cell drinking Plumping veggies at store Cell getting rid of waste 24. Label each picture with the correct endocytosis process and explain the differences. 25. Complete the T chart of characteristics. Prokaryotic Phagocytosis Pinocytosis No nucleus No membrane bound organelles Ex: Bacteria Unicellular Eukaryotic Nucleus containing DNA Membrane bound organelles Ex: Plants & Animals Unicellular or Multi 1 26. What are the two main components of the cell (plasma) membrane? Phospholipids & Proteins 27. List two organelles found in the plant cell which aren’t found in the animal cell. Cell wall, chloroplast 28. List the one organelle found in the animal cell that isn’t found in the plant cell. Centrioles, lysosomes 29. Thru 40 Complete the chart below BIOMOLECULE MONOMER Nucleic Acids NUCLEOTIDE Proteins AMINO ACIDS Lipids Glycerol & fatty acid Carbohydrates MONOSACCHARIDE 41. How are monomers and polymers related? POLYMER DNA & RNA Polypeptide Triglyceride Polysaccharide Monomers are the smaller parts that make up polymers 42. Complete the chart to the right 43. Identify the type of reaction below and tell what it is used to create. FUNCTION Holds blueprint for protein production Function in all metabolic processes, enzymes Long term energy storage, insulation Short term energy ATP BIOMOLECULE Nucleic Acids Proteins Lipids Carbohydrates FOOD SOURCE Everything we eat Meat, beans Fat, oil, butter Pasta, rice, potatoes 44. Identify the type of reaction below and explain what is happening. Dehydration Synthesis- removal of water to bond monomers together to form polymers 45. What is the order of the organizational structure of an organism: atoms molecules organic molecules cell organelles cells tissues organs organ systems organisms 46. What is an enzyme and How does it work? Protein catalyst that speeds up a chemical reaction. 1. Lowers activation energy 2. Breaks the bonds between substrates Hydrolysis adding water in the reaction to break apart the polymer into its monomers. 47. What is activation energy? Energy needed to start a chemical reaction. 48. What factors affect the way an enzyme work? pH level, temperature, amount of substrate, presence of an inhibitor 49-53 Label the following: substrates, active site, substrate-enzyme complex, reactants, & products Substrate ESC Products Enzyme Enzyme Reactants 2
