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Lesson
3
Common Communicable Diseases
When you have a cold, the best thing to do is rest, eat nutritious
foods, and drink plenty of fluids such as water or fruit juice.
How do these strategies help your body fight cold viruses?
Lesson
3
Lesson Objectives
In this lesson, you will learn to:
• Explain the causes, transmission, symptoms, and
treatment of several communicable diseases
• Develop strategies to reduce the risk of contracting
some communicable diseases
• Examine the ways technology impacts world health
status
Lesson
3
Respiratory Infections
Preventing Respiratory Illnesses
• Avoid close contact with people who are infected.
• Wash your hands often.
• Keep your hands away from your eyes and nose.
• Keep your immune system healthy.
• Avoid smoking.
Lesson
Respiratory Infections
3
Diseases of the Respiratory Tract
Common Cold
Influenza
Pneumonia
Strep Throat
Tuberculosis
Lesson
3
Respiratory Infections
Common Cold
• The common cold is a viral infection that causes
inflammation of the mucous membranes that line the nose
and throat.
• Symptoms include a runny nose, sneezing, and sore throat.
• The most common way of getting a cold is from rubbing
your nose after picking up the virus directly through handto-hand contact or indirectly by handling a contaminated
object.
• Often treatment includes the use of analgesics.
Lesson
3
Respiratory Infections
Influenza
• Influenza, or the flu, is a viral infection of the respiratory
tract.
• Symptoms of flu include high fever, fatigue, headache,
muscle aches, and cough.
• It is most often spread through airborne transmission but
also may spread through direct or indirect contact.
• Antiviral drugs for treatment of the flu are available but
need to be given as soon as the illness arises.
Lesson
3
Respiratory Infections
Pneumonia
• Viral pneumonia is relatively short-lived and produces
symptoms similar to those of influenza.
• Antiviral drugs are used in some cases.
• Bacterial pneumonia can be treated with antibiotics if
diagnosed early.
• The bacteria that cause pneumonia are often present in
healthy throats.
• When body defenses are weakened in some way, the
bacteria can get into the lungs and multiply.
Lesson
3
Respiratory Infections
Strep Throat
• Strep throat is a bacterial infection spread by direct contact,
often through droplets that are coughed or sneezed into the
air.
• Symptoms of strep throat include a sore throat, fever, and
enlarged lymph nodes in the neck.
• Untreated, strep throat can lead to serious complications,
including inflammation of the kidneys and rheumatic fever,
which can cause permanent heart damage.
• Strep throat can be treated with antibiotics.
Lesson
3
Respiratory Infections
Tuberculosis
• Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial disease that usually attacks
the lungs.
• Symptoms include fatigue, coughing (sometimes coughing
up blood), fever, night sweats, and weight loss.
• TB is spread through the air when a person with the disease
coughs or sneezes.
• Some strains have developed resistance to antibiotics.
Lesson
Hepatitis
3
Types of Hepatitis
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver. It can be caused by drug
or alcohol use and by many different pathogens.
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
The hepatitis A virus is most commonly
spread through contact with the feces of
an infected person.
Symptoms of hepatitis A may include fever,
nausea, vomiting, fatigue, abdominal pain,
and jaundice.
Practice careful handwashing and avoid
close contact with people who are infected.
Lesson
3
Other Common Communicable Diseases
Other Diseases
Lesson
3
Emerging Infections
Emerging Diseases
• Some diseases have been effectively controlled with the
help of modern technology such as antibiotics and vaccines.
• Yet new diseases, such as AIDS and Lyme disease, are
constantly appearing.
• Others, such as malaria and tuberculosis, are occurring in
forms that are resistant to drug treatments.
Lesson
3
Emerging Infections
Contributing Factors
Many factors are contributing to the development of
emerging infections. Some of these factors include the
following:
• Transport across borders
• Population movement
• Resistance to antibiotics
• Changes in food technology
• Agents of bioterrorism
Lesson
3
Quick Review
Choose the appropriate option.
Q. ______ can be a complication of
the flu.
1. Jaundice
2. Influenza
3. The common cold
4. Pneumonia
Lesson
3
Quick Review - Answer
A. 4. pneumonia
Pneumonia can be a complication of the flu.
Click Next to attempt another question.
Lesson
3
Quick Review
Choose the appropriate option.
Q. You can reduce your risk of getting
influenza by doing the following.
• Avoid close contact with infected
people.
• Wash hands often.
• Keep hands away from eyes and
nose.
True
False
Lesson
3
Quick Review - Answer
A. True. You can reduce your risk of getting influenza by
doing the following.
• Avoid close contact with infected people.
• Wash hands often.
• Keep hands away from eyes and nose.
Click Next to attempt another question.
Lesson
3
Quick Review
Choose the appropriate option.
Q. Emerging infections are
communicable diseases whose
incidence in humans has decreased
within the past two decades but
threatens to increase in the near
future.
True
False
Lesson
3
Quick Review - Answer
A. False. Emerging infections are communicable diseases
whose incidence in humans has increased within the past
two decades and threatens to increase in the near future.
Lesson
3
End of lesson 3
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Lesson
Hepatitis
3
Types of Hepatitis
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver. It can be caused by drug
or alcohol use and by many different pathogens.
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is found in
most bodily fluids of an infected person,
especially blood.
Hepatitis B virus frequently causes severe
liver damage.
Reduce your risk of hepatitis B by
abstaining from sexual contact and from
illegal drug use.
Lesson
Hepatitis
3
Types of Hepatitis
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver. It can be caused by drug
or alcohol use and by many different pathogens.
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
The hepatitis C virus is most often
transmitted by infected blood through
contaminated needles shared by drug
users.
Hepatitis C can lead to chronic liver
disease, liver cancer, and liver failure.
Reduce your risk of hepatitis C by
abstaining from illegal drug use.
Lesson
3
Respiratory Infections
Pneumonia
• Viral pneumonia is relatively short-lived and produces
symptoms similar to those of influenza.
Pneumonia
is an cases.
• Antiviral drugs are
used in some
inflammation of the
• Bacterial pneumonia
can be treated with antibiotics if
lungs commonly
diagnosed caused
early. by bacterial
or that
viral cause
infection.
• The bacteria
pneumonia are often present in
healthy throats.
• When body defenses are weakened in some way, the
bacteria can get into the lungs and multiply.
Lesson
Hepatitis
3
Types of Hepatitis
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver. It can be caused by drug
or alcohol use and by many different pathogens.
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
The hepatitis A virus is most commonly
Jaundice is
spread through contact with the
feces of of
a yellowing
an infected person.
the skin and
Symptoms of hepatitis A may include
eyes. fever,
nausea, vomiting, fatigue, abdominal pain,
and jaundice.
Practice careful handwashing and avoid
close contact with people who are infected.
Lesson
3
Emerging Infections
Contributing Factors
Many factors are contributing to the development of
emerging infections. Some of these factors include the
following:
An emerging infection
• Transport
borders disease
is across
a communicable
whose incidence in humans
• Population
hasmovement
increased within the
past two decades or
• Resistance to antibiotics
threatens to increase in the
near future.
• Changes in food technology
• Agents of bioterrorism
Lesson
3
Quick Review - Answer
A. Correct! Pneumonia can be a complication of the flu.
Click Next to attempt another question.
Lesson
3
Quick Review - Answer
You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try
again, or click Next to view the correct answer.
Lesson
Quick Review - Answer
3
A. Correct! You can reduce your risk of getting influenza by doing
the following.
•
Avoid close contact with infected people.
•
Wash hands often.
•
Keep hands away from eyes and nose.
Click Next to attempt another question.
Lesson
3
Quick Review - Answer
You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try
again, or click Next to view the correct answer.
Lesson
3
Quick Review - Answer
A. Correct! Emerging infections are communicable diseases
whose incidence in humans has increased within the past
two decades or threatens to increase in the near future.
Lesson
3
Quick Review - Answer
You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try
again, or click Next to view the correct answer.