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Chromosomes (Chapter 11, Pages 323-329 and Chapter 14, Pages 391-401) Learning Targets: -State the number of chromosomes in a typical human being. -Name the two sex chromosomes in a human female. -Name the two sex chromosomes in a human male. -Define “nondisjunction.” A. Review 1. Human cells are ___________, meaning there are ____ pairs of chromosomes for a total of ______. 2. Human sex cells are __________. Each sex cell (gamete) has ___ chromosomes and only one copy of every _______. Sperm (23) + Egg (23) = A new human (46) ! 3. ________ are located on chromosomes. The location where they are found on that chromosome is called a __________ (pl. loci) (Diagram, Page 393) *Chromosome theory of heredity: Genes are located on the chromosomes and each gene occupies a specific place on a chromosome. A gene may exist in several forms called __________, and each chromosome contains ______ allele for each gene. 1 4. Genes are _____________ between homologous chromosomes during ______________of meiosis when chromosomes are paired as __________. This process is called ___________ over. B. Sex Determination 1. Autosomes : 2. Sex chromosomes : a. Females are _____ b. Males are ______ 3. Genes that are found on sex chromosomes are ____________________. C. Chromosome mutations: 1. inversion: a section of a chromosome is _________ in order 2. translocation: non-homologous chromosomes _______ regions 3. deletion: part of a chromosome is ______________ 4. duplication: region of a chromosome is ___________ 2 5. nondisjunction: chromosome pairs do not _________ during meiosis *Many genetic disorders result from ____________________ during meiosis. (Diagram, Page 401) D. Chromosome mutations can be observed using a ______________ 1. Karyotype: the arrangement of ________________ pairs of chromosomes 2. Common chromosomal defects a. Down Syndrome (Trisomy ___) b. Edwards Syndrome (Trisomy ___) c. Patau Syndrome (Trisomy ___) d. ___________ Syndrome (X) e. _________________ Syndrome (XXY) Word Bank 13 18 21 23 23 46 Haploid Diploid Gene Genes Swap Swapped One Locus Prophase I XX XY Sex-linked Crossing Alleles 3 Removed Reversed Doubled Tetrads Separate Homologous Nondisjunction Karyotype Klinefelter Turner