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1750 BC 500 BC 1651 1799 1802 1828 1839 1854 1855 1865 1866 1869 1882 1883 1890 1899 1900 1902 1907 1908 1910 1921 1927 1931 1932 1934 1935 1936 1944 1952 1953 1959 Sumerians brew beer Chinese use moldy soybean curds as antibiotic to treat boils Harvey publishes regarding slow growth of embryos Death of Spallanzani who disproved spontaneous generation Lamarck coins term Biology Karl Ernst von Baer founds laws of embryology Schleiden and Schwann propose cells as basic unit of life George Newport publishes on amphibian ova and sperm Virchow – all living cells come from other cells Modern eugenics formulated by Galton – published 1883 Haeckel speculates cell nucleus critical for cell identity Darwin writes to Galton who later coins term “Eugenics” Death of Gregor Mendel Galton publishes “Eugenics” Weismann speculates regarding meiosis and describes William Bateson does stats (similar to the undiscovered Mendel’s work) and learns more about hybridization and cross-breeding – start of biometrics Correns, de Vries, and Tschermak all rediscover and redefine Mendel’s laws Sutton at Columbia proposes genes are found on chromosomes British Eugenics Society forms as Eugenics Education Society Thomas Hunt Morgan works on drosophila – Nobel 1933 Fly students: Curt Stern – crossover, Calvin Bridges – Nondisjunction, Arthur Sturdevand – linkage maps, Herman Muller - mutations Curt Stern was a flyroom student d. 1981 GER-AM Dr. Duane Jeffery was a student of Dr. Stern Eugenics Office established at Cold Spring Harbor on Long Island Bertrand Russell proposes eugenics by unleashing “organized plagues against the black population” Romania begins supporting eugenic sterilization Genetics Society of America founded HJ Muller starts criticizing eugenics – not popular Korea starts Woosaeng “Eugenics” movement Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer starts Eugenics schools in Germany Eugenics becomes passion in Germany Avery MacLeod McCarty experiment – able to identify DNA as “transforming principle” American Eugenics Society combines with Population Council under Rockefeller family Watson and Crick publish double helix structure using Rosalind Franklin’s x-ray work Jerome Lejeune discovers Trisomy 21 cause 1962 Nobel Prize for DNA 1968 Weather Undergound leader Bill Ayers arrested – spent all of 70s as a fugitive 1969 Weather Underground splits from Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) – infiltrated by FBI 1970 Weather Underground bombings 1971 1972 1975 1981 Weather Underground leaders arrested in several crimes 1982 Synthetic insulin approved and marketed 1990 Human Genome Project formally established 1994 FBI Combined DNA index system created, Disabled People’s International General Assembly expresses concern about increase of eugenic policies 1995 First genome of any organism – bacterium H influenzae 2000 Human genome project completed – working draft 2003 Supposedly all genome sequencing complete – details finished 2006 – first reference released 2006 Completion of human genome project asdf
