Download File - Steven Kolumban

Steven Kolumban
Application Paper: The Knee
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1. In diagram one, the soccer player is getting ready to kick the ball. His leg is at a near
90 degree angle which means the knee is in flexion and the biceps femoris,
semitendinosus, semimembranosus, popliteus, gastrocnemius, and the sartorious
are the agonist or primary movers. The rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus
intermedius, tensor facia latae, and vastus medialis are the antagonist muscles as
well as the neutralizers. The gracilis acts aboth because it deals with knee flexion
and adduction. Most of the support in diagram one comes from the knee’s muscular
support.
The Muscles: Biceps Femoris- Plane of Motion- sagittal, transverse. Origin- ischial tuberosity
(long head). Lower half of the linea aspera, and lateral condyloid ridge (short head). InsertionHead of the fibula and lateral condyle of the tibia. Innervention- sciatic nerve- tibial division
(long head). Sciatic nerve- peroneal division (short head). Strengthening- Hamstring Curls with a
hamstring curl machineis a good way to strengthen the biceps femoris. Flexibility- put feet
shoulder width apart and bend over to reach for your toes, or lay on your back while keeping
both legs straight lift one leg till you feel your leg stretch. Semimembranosus- Plane of Motionsagittal, transverse. Origin- ischial tuberosity. Insertion- Posteromedial surface of the medial
tibial condyle. Innervention- Sciatic nerve- tibial division. Strengthening- Hamstring Curls with
a hamstring curl machine is a good way to strengthen your semimembranosus. Flexibility- Put
your feet shoulder width apart and bend over to reach your toes, or lay on your back while
keeping both legs straight lift one leg till you feel your leg stretch. Semitendinosus- Plane of
Motion- sagittal, transverse. Origin- ischial tuberosity. Insertion- Upper anterior medial surface
of the tibia just below the condyle. Innervention- Sciatic nerve- tibial division. StrengtheningHamstring Curls with a hamstring curl machine is a good way to strengthen your
Semitendinosus. Flexibility- Put your feet shoulder width apart and bend over to reach your
toes, or lay on your back while keeping both legs straight lift one leg till you feel your leg
stretch. Popliteus- Plane of Motion- Transverse, sagittal. Origin- Posterior surface of the
lateral condyle of the femur. Insertion- Upper posterior medial surface of the tibia.
Innervention- Tibial nerve. Strengthening- hang from a bar with the legs flexed at the knees,
strenuously exercises the popliteus. Flexibility- Passive external rotation with the knee flexed
approximately 20-30 degrees. Sartorius- Plane of Motion- Sagittal, transverse, frontal. OriginAnterior superior iliac spine aand notch just below the spine. Insertion- Anterior medial surface
of the tibia just below the condyle. Innervention- Femoral nerve. Strengthening- Flexing the
hip or knee will strengthen the Sartorius. Flexibility- Stretching the Sartorius can be achieved
by having partner passively taking the hip into extreme extension, adduction, and internal
rotation with the knee extended. Gracilis- Plane of Motion- Frontal, sagittal, transverse.
Origin- Anteromedial edge of the descending ramus of the pubis. Insertion- Anterior medial
surface of the tibia below the condyle. Innervention-Obturator nerve. Strengthening- Use the
scissors exercise, which requires the subject to sit on the floor with the legs spread wide while a
partner puts his/her legs or arms inside each lower leg to provide resistance. FlexibilityAbduct the extended and internally rotated hip and extend the knee.
In diagram two as the kick progresses, the knee begins to change from flexion to
extension. This means that the vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis, and the
tensor facia latae are now transitioning to being and the primary movers of diagram one are
becoming the antagonist and neutralizer muscles.
2. In diagram three the knee is now in complete extension. The primary of the knee at
this point is its bony and ligamentous structures. Te primary extensors are now in
full control.
Rectus femoris- Plane of Motion- Sagittal. Origin- Anterior inferior iliac spine of the
illium and groove (posterior) above the acetabulum. Insertion- Superior aspect of the
patella tendon to tibial tuberosity. Innervation- Femoral nerve. Strengthening- Knee
extension exercises against manual resistance. Flexibility-Lay in a side lying position by
having a partner take the knee into full flexion and simultaneously take the hip into
extension. Vastus Lateralis- Plane of Motion- Sagittal. Origin- Intertrochanteric line,
anterior and inferior borders of the greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity, upper half of
the linear aspera, and the entire lateral inter muscular septum. Innervation- Femoral
nerve. Strengthening- Knee extension exercises against manual resistance. FlexibilityPull the knee into maximum flexion. Vastus intermedius- Plane of Motion- Sagittal.
Origin- Upper two thirds of the anterior surface of the femur. Insertion- Upper border
of the patella and patellar tendon to the tibial tuberosity. Innervation- Femoral nerve.
Strengthening- Squats with barbells of varying weights on the shoulders. Flexibility-
Pull the knee into maximum flexion. Vastus medialis- Plane of Motion- Sagittal. OriginWhole length of the linear aspera and medial condyloid ridge. Insertion- Medial half of
the upper border of the patella and patellar tendon to the tibial tuberosity. InnervationFemoral nerve. Strengthening- Squats, knee extensions, leg presses. Flexibility- Pull
the knee into maximum knee flexion. Tensor facia latae- Plane of Motion- Frontal,
sagittal, transverse. Origin- Anterior iliac crest and the surface of the illium just below
the crest. Insertion- One-fourth of the way down the thigh into the illiotibial tract,
which in turn inserts onto Gerdy’s tubercle of the antero lateral tibial condyle.
Innervation- Superior gluteal nerve. Strengthening- Perform hip abduction exercises
against gravity and resistance while in a side lying position. Flexibility- Remain on your
side and have a partner passively move the downside hip into full extension adduction,
and external rotation. Gracilis- Plane of Motion- Frontal, sagittal, transverse. OriginAnteromedial edge of the descending ramus of the pubis. Insertion- Anterior medial
surface of the tibia below the condyle. Innervation- Obturator nerve. StrengtheningUse the scissors exercise, which requires the subject to sit on the floor with the legs
spread wide while a partner puts his/her legs or arms inside each lower leg to provide
resistance. Flexibility- Abduct the extended and internally rotated hip and extend the
knee.
Bibliography
R.T. Floyd. Manual of Structural Kinesiology. New York: Mcgraw-Hill; 2012.
Muscles of the Knee. Available at: http://www.innerbody.com/image/musc09.html.
Accessed April17,2013.
Knee Anatomy. Available at: http://www.sports-injury-info.com/knee-anatomy.html.
Accessed April 17, 2013.